The Constitution of the United Federation of Nations
Preamble
We the Species of the United Federation of Nations, determined to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, and to reaffirm faith in the fundamental rights of sentient beings, in the dignity and worth of all lifeforms, in the equal rights of members of planetary systems large and small, and to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of interstellar law can be maintained, and to promote social progress and better standards of living on all worlds, and for these ends, to practice toleration and live together in peace with one another, and to unite our strength to maintain interstellar peace and security, and to ensure, by the acceptance of principles and the institutions of methods, that weapons of destruction shall not be used, save in the common interest, and to employ interstellar resources for the promotion of a more Utopian state, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings to life, liberty, independence and peace, in a spirit of solidarity and openness towards the universe, determined to live together with mutual consideration and respect for their diversity, conscious of common achievements and responsibility towards future generations, hereby resolve to establish the Constitution of the United Federation of Nations.
Chapter 1
The Fundamentals of the Constitution
Article 1
The United Federation of Nations is a federal constitutional supranational entity with a republic form of government.
Article 2
The United Federation of Nations and UFN are one and the same.
Article 3
1.The United Federation of Nations shall strive to promote fundamental Federate Species rights, in the dignity, worth, and the equal rights of its Federates.
2.The United Federation of Nations shall strive to promote conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained.
3.The United Federation of Nations shall strive to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom.
4.The United Federation of Nations shall strive to practice tolerance and live together in peace with one another as good neighbors.
5.The United Federation of Nations shall strive to employ universal machinery for the promotion of the economic and social advancement of all Federate Species.
Article 4
1. Species of the United Federation of Nations; their rights and freedoms are paramount. The recognition, observance and protection of the rights and freedoms of Federate Species shall be the obligation of the State.
2. The bearer of sovereignty and the only source of power in the United Federation of Nations shall be its multinational people.
3. The people shall exercise their power directly, and also through the bodies of state power and local sector-government.
4.The supreme direct expression of the power of the people shall be referendums and free elections.
Article 5
In the emergence of a crisis, emergency powers shall be granted to the Supreme Chancellor.
Article 6
1.The Constitution, Federal Law, and sovereignty shall encompass the whole territory of the United Federation of Nations.
2. The United Federation of Nations shall ensure the integrity and inviolability of its territory.
Article 7
1.Sectors of the United Federation of Nations shall practice equal rights and duties.
2.The United Federation of Nations shall have its own Constitution and Legislation. Sectors may develop their own constitutions and legislation in accordance to the Constitution of the United Federation of Nations.
Article 8
1.The citizenship of the United Federation of Nations shall be acquired and terminated according to federal law; it shall be one and equal, irrespective of the grounds of acquisition.
2. Every citizen of the United Federation of Nations shall enjoy in its territory all the rights and freedoms and bear equal duties provided for by the Constitution of the United Federation of Nations.
3. A citizen of the United Federation of Nations may not be deprived of their citizenship or of the right to change it.
Article 9
1. The United Federation of Nations is a Utopian State whose policy is aimed at creating conditions for a worthy life and a free development for all.
2. In the United Federation of Nations the labor and health of Species shall be protected, a guaranteed minimum wages and salaries shall be established, state support ensured to the family, maternity, paternity and childhood, to disabled persons and the elderly, the system of social services developed, state pensions, allowances and other social security guarantees shall be established.
3.A Universal Basic Income shall be established to ensure a stable income for all citizens within the United Federation of Nations.
Article 10
1. In the United Federation of Nations, guarantees shall be provided for the integrity of economic space, a free flow of goods, services and financial resources, support for competition, and the freedom of economic activity.
2. In the United Federation of Nations recognition and equal protection shall be given to the private, sector, municipal and other forms of ownership.
Article 11
1.Natural resources shall be utilized and protected in the United Federation of Nations as the basis of life and activity of the Species living in corresponding territories.
2.Natural resources may be in private, state, municipal and other forms of ownership.
3.The natural foundations of life and animals shall be protected by the State.
Article 12
1. The State power in the United Federation of Nations shall be exercised on the basis of its division into legislative, executive, and judicial power. The bodies of legislative, executive and judicial power shall be independent.
2. The State power in the United Federation of Nations shall be exercised by the Supreme Chancellor of the United Federation of Nations, the Federal Assembly, the Olympus Council of the United Federation of Nations, and the courts of the United Federation of Nations.
3.Sectors of the United Federation of Nations shall exercise power designated to them by the body of authority created by them. Said body authorities shall be fixed by the given Constitution, the Federal and other treaties on the delimitation of the subjects of authority and powers.
4. In the United Federation of Nations local sector-governments shall be recognized and guaranteed. Local sector-governments shall be independent within the limits of its authority. The bodies of local sector-government shall not be part of the system of bodies of State authority.
Article 13
1. In the United Federation of Nations ideological diversity shall be recognized.
2. No ideology may be established as State or obligatory one.
3. In the United Federation of Nations political diversity and multi-party system shall be recognized.
4. Public associations shall be equal before the law.
5. The creation and activities of public associations whose aims and actions are aimed at a forced change of the fundamental principles of the constitutional system and at violating the integrity of the United Federation of Nations, at undermining its security, at setting up armed units, and at instigating social, racial, national and religious strife shall be prohibited.
6.The United Federation of Nations is a secular state. No religion may be established as a state or obligatory one.
2. Religious associations shall be separated from the State and shall be equal before the law.
Article 14
1. The Constitution of the United Federation of Nations shall have the supreme juridical force, direct action and shall be used on the whole territory of the United Federation of Nations. Laws and other legal acts adopted in the United Federation of Nations shall not contradict the Constitution of the United Federation of Nations.
2. The bodies of state authority, the bodies of local sector-government, officials, private citizens and their associations shall be obliged to observe the Constitution of the United Federation of Nations and laws.
3. Laws shall be officially published. Unpublished laws shall not be used. Any normative legal acts concerning Species rights, freedoms and duties of citizens may not be used, if they are not officially published for general knowledge.
4. The universally-recognized norms of international law and international treaties and agreements of the United Federation of Nations shall be a component part of its legal system. If an international treaty or agreement of the United Federation of Nations fixes other rules than those envisaged by law, the rules of the international agreement shall be applied.
5.The provisions of the present chapter of the Constitution comprise the fundamental principles of the constitutional system of the United Federation of Nations, and may not be changed otherwise than according to the rules established by the present Constitution.
6.No other provision of the present Constitution may contradict the fundamental principles of the constitutional system of the United Federation of Nations.
Chapter 2
Rights And Freedoms of Species And Citizens
Article 15
1. In the United Terran Federation recognition and guarantees shall be provided for the rights and freedoms of citizens according to the recognized principles and norms of international law and according to the present Constitution.
2. Fundamental Species rights and freedoms are inalienable and shall be enjoyed by everyone since the day of birth.
3. The exercise of the rights and freedoms of citizens shall not violate the rights and freedoms of other people.
Article 16
The rights and freedoms of citizens shall be directly operative. They determine the essence, meaning and implementation of laws, the activities of the legislative and executive authorities, local sector-government and shall be ensured by the administration of justice.
Article 17
1. All people shall be equal before the law and court.
2. The State shall guarantee the equality of rights and freedoms of citizens, regardless of species, sex, gender, race, nationality, language, origin, property and official status, place of residence, religion, convictions, membership of public associations, and also of other circumstances. All forms of limitations of species rights on social, racial, national, linguistic or religious grounds shall be banned.
3. All genders shall enjoy equal rights and freedoms and have equal possibilities to exercise them.
Article 18
1. Everyone shall have the right to life.
2. Capital punishment until its complete elimination may be envisaged by a federal law as an exclusive penalty for especially grave crimes against life, and the accused shall be granted the right to have their case examined by jury trial.
Article 19
1. Species dignity shall be protected by the State. Nothing may serve as a basis for its derogation.
2. No one shall be subject to torture, violence or other severe or humiliating treatment or punishment. No one may be subject to medical, scientific and other experiments without voluntary consent.
Article 20
1. Everyone shall have the right to freedom and personal immunity.
2. Arrest, detention and remanding in custody shall be allowed only by court decision. Without the court's decision a person may not be detained for a term more than 168 Galactic Standard hours.
Article 21
1. Everyone shall have the right to the inviolability of private life, personal and family secrets, the protection of honor and good name.
2. Everyone shall have the right to privacy of correspondence, of telephone conversations, postal, telegraph and other forms of communication. Limitations of this right shall be allowed only by court decision.
Article 22
1. The collection, keeping, use and dissemination of information about the private life of a person shall not be allowed without their consent.
2. The bodies of state authority and local sector-government, their officials shall ensure for everyone the possibility of acquainting with the documents and materials directly affecting their rights and freedoms, unless otherwise provided for by law.
Article 23
The home shall be inviolable. No one shall have the right to get into a house against the will of those living there, except for the cases established by a federal law or by court decision.
Article 24
1. Everyone shall have the right to determine and indicate their nationality. No one may be forced to determine and indicate their nationality.
2. Everyone shall have the right to use their native language, to a free choice of the language of communication, upbringing, education and creative work.
Article 25
1. Everyone who legally stays in the territory of the United Federation of Nations shall have the right to free travel, choice of place of stay or residence.
2. Everyone may freely leave the United Federation of Nations. Citizens of the United Federation of Nations shall have the right to freely return to the United Federation of Nations.
Article 26
Everyone shall be guaranteed the freedom of conscience, the freedom of religion, including the right to profess individually or together with any other religion or to profess no religion at all, to freely choose, possess and disseminate religious and other views and act according to them.
Article 27
1. Everyone shall be guaranteed the freedom of ideas and speech.
2. The propaganda or agitation instigating social, racial, national or religious hatred and strife shall not be allowed. The propaganda of social, racial, national, religious or linguistic supremacy shall be banned.
3. No one may be forced to express their views and convictions or to reject them.
4. Everyone shall have the right to freely look for, receive, transmit, produce and distribute information by any legal way. The list of data comprising state secrets shall be determined by a federal law.
5. The freedom of mass communication shall be guaranteed. Censorship shall be banned.
Article 28
1. Everyone shall have the right to association, including the right to create trade unions for the protection of their interests. The freedom of activity of public association shall be guaranteed.
2. No one may be compelled to join any association and remain in it.
Article 29
Citizens of the United Federation of Nations shall have the right to assemble peacefully, without weapons, hold rallies, meetings and demonstrations, marches and pickets.
Article 30
1. Citizens of the United Federation of Nations shall have the right to participate in managing state affairs both directly and through their representatives.
2. Citizens of the United Federation of Nations shall have the right to elect and be elected to state bodies of power and local sector-government bodies, and also to participate in referendum.
3. Deprived of the right to elect and be elected shall be citizens recognized by court as legally unfit, as well as citizens kept in places of confinement by a court sentence.
4. Citizens of the United Federation of Nations shall enjoy equal access to the state service.
5. Citizens of the expenditures shall have the right to participate in administering justice.
Article 31
Citizens of the United Federation of Nations shall have the right to address personally, as well as to submit individual and collective appeals to state organs and local sector-government bodies.
Article 32
1. Everyone shall have the right to a free use of his abilities and property for entrepreneurial and economic activities not prohibited by law.
2. The economic activity aimed at monopolization and unfair competition shall not be allowed.
Article 33
1. The right of private property shall be protected by law.
2. Everyone shall have the right to have property, possess, use and dispose of it both personally and jointly with other people.
3. No one may be deprived of property otherwise than by a court decision. Forced confiscation of property for state needs may be carried out only on the provision of preliminary and complete compensation.
4. The right of inheritance shall be guaranteed.
Article 33
1. Citizens and their associations shall have the right to possess land as private property.
2. Possession, utilization and disposal of land and other natural resources shall be exercised by the owners freely, if it is not detrimental to the environment and does not violate the rights and lawful interests of other people.
3. The terms and rules for the use of land shall be fixed by a federal law.
Article 34
1. Labor is free. Everyone shall have the right to freely use their labor capabilities, to choose the type of activity and profession.
2. Forced labor, slavery, indentured servitude shall be banned.
3. Everyone shall have the right to labor conditions meeting the safety and hygienic requirements, for labor remuneration without any discrimination whatsoever and not lower than minimum wages and salaries established by the federal law, as well as the right to protection against unemployment.
4. Recognition shall be given to the right to individual and collective labor disputes with the use of methods of their adjustment fixed by the federal law, including the right to strike.
5. Everyone shall have the right to rest and license. Those working by labor contracts shall be guaranteed the fixed duration of the working time, days off and holidays, and the annual paid leave established by the federal law.
Article 35
1. Maternity, paternity, childhood, and the family shall be protected by the State.
2. Care for children, their upbringing shall be equally the right and obligation of parents.
3. Able-bodied children over age of maturity shall take care of disabled parents.
Article 36
1. Everyone shall be guaranteed social security at the expense of the State in old age, in case of an illness, disablement, loss of the bread-winner, for upbringing of children and in other cases established by law.
2. State pensions and social allowances shall be established by law.
3. Promotion shall be given to voluntary social insurance and the creation of additional forms of social security and charity.
Article 37
1. Everyone shall have the right to a home. No one may be arbitrarily deprived of their home.
2. The bodies of state authority and local sector-government shall encourage housing construction and create conditions for exercising the right to a home.
3. Low-income people and other persons mentioned in law and in need of a home shall receive it gratis or for reasonable payment from the state, municipal and other housing stocks according to the norms fixed by law.
Article 38
1. Everyone shall have the right to health protection and medical aid. Medical aid in state and municipal health establishments shall be rendered to individuals gratis, at the expense of the corresponding budget, insurance contributions, and other proceeds.
2. In the United Federation of Nations federal programs of protecting and strengthening the health of the population shall be financed by the State; measures shall be adopted to develop state, municipal and private health services; activities shall be promoted which facilitate the strengthening of health, the development of physical culture and sport, ecological and sanitary-epidemiological well-being.
3. The concealment by officials of the facts and circumstances posing a threat to the life and health of people shall entail responsibility according to the federal law.
Article 39
Everyone shall have the right to favorable environment, reliable information about its state and for a restitution of damage inflicted on his health and property by ecological transgressions.
Article 40
1. Everyone shall have the right to education.
2. Guarantees shall be provided for general access to and free pre-school, secondary and high vocational education in state or municipal educational establishments and at enterprises.
3. Everyone shall have the right to receive on a competitive basis a free higher education in a state or municipal educational establishment and at an enterprise.
4. The basic general education shall be free of charge. Parents or persons in law parents shall enable their children to receive a basic general education.
5. The United Federation of Nations shall establish federal state educational standards and support various forms of education and self-education.
Article 41
1. Everyone shall be guaranteed the freedom of literary, artistic, scientific, technical and other types of creative activity, and teaching. Intellectual property shall be protected by law.
2. Everyone shall have the right to participate in cultural life and use cultural establishments and to an access to cultural values.
3. Everyone shall be obliged to care for the preservation of cultural and historical heritage and protect monuments of history and culture.
Article 42
1. State protection of the rights and freedoms of citizens shall be guaranteed in the United Federation of Nations.
2. Everyone shall be free to protect their rights and freedoms by all means not prohibited by law.
Article 43
1. Everyone shall be guaranteed judicial protection of their rights and freedoms.
2. Decisions and actions (or inaction) of bodies of state authority and local sector-government, public associations and officials may be appealed against in court.
3. Everyone shall have the right to appeal, according to international treaties of the United Federation of Nations, to international bodies for the protection of Species rights and freedoms, if all the existing internal state means of legal protection have been exhausted.
Article 44
1. No one may be deprived of the right to the consideration of their case in that court and by that judge in whose cognizance the given case is according to law.
2. The accused of committing a crime shall have the right to the examination of their case by a court of jury in cases envisaged by the federal law.
Article 45
1. Everyone shall be guaranteed the right to qualified legal assistance. In cases envisaged by law the legal assistance shall be free.
2. Any person detained, taken into custody, accused of committing a crime shall have the right to receive assistance of a lawyer (counsel for the defence) from the moment of detention, confinement in custody or facing charges accordingly.
3. Everyone accused of committing a crime shall be considered innocent until his guilt is proved according to the rules fixed by the federal law and confirmed by the sentence of a court which has come into legal force.
4. The accused shall not be obliged to prove his innocence.
5. Unremovable doubts about the guilt of a person shall be interpreted in favor of the accused.
6. No one may be convicted twice for one and the same crime without the emergence of new evidence.
7. In administering justice it shall not be allowed to use evidence received by violating the federal law.
8. Everyone convicted for a crime shall have the right to appeal against the judgement of a superior court according to the rules envisaged by the federal law, as well as to ask for pardon or a mitigation of punishment.
Article 46
1. No one shall be obliged to give incriminating evidence, husband or wife and close relatives the range of whom is determined by the federal law.
2. The federal law may envisage other cases of absolution from the obligation to testify.
Article 47
The rights of victims of crimes and of abuse of office shall be protected by law. The State shall provide access to justice for them and a compensation for sustained damage.
Article 48
Everyone shall have the right for a state compensation for damages caused by unlawful actions or inaction of bodies of state authority and their officials.
Article 49
1. A law introducing or aggravating responsibility shall not have retrospective effect.
2. No one may bear responsibility for the action which was not regarded as a crime when it was committed. If after violating law the responsibility for that is eliminated or mitigated, a new law shall be applied.
Article 50
1. The listing in the Constitution of the United Federation of Nations of the fundamental rights and freedoms shall not be interpreted as a rejection or derogation of other universally recognized Species rights and freedoms.
2. In the United Federation of Nations no laws shall be adopted cancelling or derogating Species rights and freedoms.
3. The rights and freedoms of citizens may be limited by the federal law only to such an extent to which it is necessary for the protection of the fundamental principles of the constitutional system, morality, health, the rights and lawful interests of other people, for ensuring defence of the country and security of the State.
Article 51
1. In conditions of a state of emergency in order to ensure the safety of citizens and the protection of the constitutional system and in accordance with the federal constitutional law certain limitations may be placed on Species rights and freedoms with the establishment of their framework and time period.
2. A state of emergency may be introduced in the whole territory of the United Federation of Nations and in its certain parts in case there are circumstances and according to the rules fixed by the federal constitutional law.
3. The rights and freedoms envisaged in the Constitution of the United Federation of Nations shall not be liable to limitations.
Article 52
Everyone shall be obliged to pay the legally established taxes and dues. Laws introducing new taxes or deteriorating the position of taxpayers may not have retroactive effect.
Article 53
Everyone shall be obliged to preserve nature and the environment and carefully treat the natural wealth.
Article 54
1. Defense of the United Federation of Nations shall be a duty and obligation of citizens of the United Federation of Nations.
2. A citizen shall carry out basic military service/training according to the federal law.
3. A citizen of the United Federation of Nations shall have the right to replace military service by alternative civilian service in case their convictions or religious belief contradict military service and also in other cases envisaged by the federal law.
Article 55
A citizen of the United Federation of Nations may exercise their rights and duties in full from the age of maturity.
Article 56
1. A citizen of the United Federation of Nations may not be deported from the United Federation of Nations or extradited to another State.
2. The United Federation of Nations shall guarantee to its citizens protection and patronage abroad.
Article 57
1. A citizen of the United Federation of Nations may have the citizenship of a foreign State (dual citizenship) according to the federal law or an international agreement of the United Federation of Nations.
2. The possession of a foreign citizenship by a citizen of the United Federation of Nations shall not derogate their rights and freedoms and shall not free them from the obligations stipulated by the Federation citizenship, unless otherwise provided for by federal law or an international agreement of the United Federation of Nations.
3. Foreign nationals and stateless persons shall enjoy in the United Federation of Nations the rights and bear the obligations of citizens of the United Federation of Nations, except for cases envisaged by the federal law or international agreement of the United Federation of Nations.
Article 58
1. The United Federation of Nations shall grant political asylum to foreign nationals and stateless persons according to the universally recognized norms of international law.
2. In the United Federation of Nations, it shall not be allowed to extradite to other States those people who are persecuted for political convictions, as well as for actions (or inaction) not recognized as a crime in the United Federation of Nations. The extradition of people accused of a crime, and also the handover of convicts for serving sentences in other States shall be carried out on the basis of the federal law or the international agreement of the United Federation of Nations.
Article 59
The provisions of the present chapter comprise the basis of the legal status of the individual in the United Federation of Nations and may not be changed otherwise then according to the rules introduced by the present Constitution.
Chapter 3
The Federal Structure
Article 60
1. The status of a Sector shall be determined by the Constitution of the United Federation of Nations and the Constitution of the Sector.
2. The status of a territory, region, planet of federal importance, autonomous region and autonomous area shall be determined by the Constitution of the United Federation of Nations and the Charter of the territory, region, planet of federal importance, autonomous region or autonomous area, adopted by the legislative (representative) body of the corresponding Sector of the United Federation of Nations.
3. Upon the proposal of the legislative and executive bodies of the autonomous region or autonomous area a federal law on autonomous region or autonomous area may be adopted.
4. The relations between the autonomous area within a territory or region may be regulated by the federal law or a treaty between the bodies of state authority of the autonomous area and, accordingly, the bodies of state authority of the territory or region.
5. The status of a Sector of the United Federation of Nations may be changed upon mutual agreement of the United Federation of Nations and the Sector of the United Federation of Nations and according to the federal constitutional law.
Article 61
1. The territory of the United Federation of Nations shall include the territories of its Sectors; including planets, habitats, stations, stars, and celestial bodies within them.
2. The United Federation of Nations shall possess sovereign rights and exercise the jurisdiction on the space territories of the United Federation of Nations according to the rules fixed by the federal law and the norms of international law.
3. The borders between the Sectors of the United Federation of Nations may be changed upon their mutual consent in accordance with federal law.
Article 62
1.The Sectors shall have the right to establish their own state languages.
2.The United Federation of Nations shall guarantee to all of its Species the right to preserve their native language and to create conditions for its study and development.
Article 63
1. The state flag, coat of arms and anthem of the United Federation of Nations, their description and rules of official use shall be established by the federal constitutional law.
The de facto capital of the United Federation of Nations shall be the city of Liberty; where the Supreme Court, Federal Assembly, and the Supreme Chancellor reside. The Olympus Station above Earth is the official administrative capital of the United Federation of Nations. The status of the capitals shall be determined by the federal law.
Article 64
The jurisdiction of the United Federation of Nations includes:
adoption and amending of the Constitution of the United Federation of Nations and federal laws, control over their observance;
federal structure and the territory of the United Federation of Nations;
regulation and protection of the rights and freedoms of citizens; citizenship in the United Federation of Nations, regulation and protection of the rights of national minorities;
establishment of the system of federal bodies of legislative, executive and judicial authority, the rules of their organization and activities, formation of federal bodies of state authority;
federal state property and its management;
establishment of the principles of federal policy and federal programs in the sphere of state, economic, ecological, social, cultural and national development of the United Federation of Nations;
establishment of legal groups for a single market; financial, currency, credit, and customs regulation, money issue, the principles of pricing policy; federal economic services, including federal banks;
federal budget, federal taxes and dues, federal funds of regional development;
federal power systems, exotic power-engineering, federal transport, information and communication, space activities;
foreign policy and international relations of the United Federation of Nations, international treaties and agreements of the United Federation of Nations, issues of war and peace;
foreign economic relations of the United Federation of Nations;
defence and security; military production; determination of rules of selling and purchasing weapons, ammunition, military equipment and other military property; production of poisonous substances, narcotic substances and rules of their use;
determination of the status and protection of the state border, territorial sea, air space, outer space of the expenditures;
judicial system, procurator's office, criminal, criminal procedure and criminal-executive legislation, amnesty and pardoning , civil, civil procedure and arbitration procedure legislation, legal regulation of intellectual property;
federal law of conflict of laws;
meteorological service, standards, metric system, horometry accounting, geodesy and cartography, names of geographical units, official statistics and accounting;
state awards and honorary titles of the United Federation of Nations;
federal state service.
Article 65
1. The joint jurisdiction of the United Federation of Nations and the Sectors of the United Federation of Nations includes:
providing for the correspondence of the constitutions and laws of the Sectors, the charters and other normative legal acts of the territories, regions, planets of federal importance, autonomous regions or autonomous areas to the Constitution of the United Federation of Nations and the federal laws;
protection of the rights and freedoms of citizens; protection of the rights of national minorities; ensuring the rule of law, law and order, public security, border zone regime;
issues of possession, use and disposal of land, subsoil, water and other natural resources;
delimitation of state property;
nature utilization, protection of the environment and ensuring ecological safety; specially protected natural territories, protection of historical and cultural monuments;
general issues of upbringing, education, science, culture, physical culture and sports;
coordination of issues of health care; protection of the family, maternity, paternity and childhood; social protection, including social security;
carrying out measures against catastrophes, crises, natural calamities, epidemics, elimination of their aftermath;
establishment of common principles of taxation and dues in the United Terran Federation;
administrative, administrative procedure, labor, family, housing, land, water, and forest legislation; legislation on subsoil and environmental protection
personnel of the judicial and law enforcement agencies; the Bar, notary ship;
protection of traditional living habitat and of traditional way of life of small ethnic communities;
establishment of common principles of organization of the system of bodies of state authority and local sector-government;
coordination of Universal and foreign economic relations of the sectors of the United Federation of Nations, fulfillment of international treaties and agreements of the United Federation of Nations.
2. Provisions of this Article shall be equally valid for the Sectors, territories, regions, planets of federal importance, autonomous regions or autonomous areas.
Article 66
Outside the limits of authority of the United Federation of Nations and the powers of the United Federation of Nations on issues under joint jurisdiction of the United Federation of Nations and the sectors of the United Federation of Nations, the Sectors of the United Federation of Nations shall possess full state power.
Article 67
1. In the territory of the United Federation of Nations it shall not be allowed to establish customs borders, dues or any other barriers for a free flow of goods, services and financial resources.
2. Limitations on the transfer of goods and services may be introduced according to the federal law, if it is necessary to ensure security, protect the life and health of people, protect nature and cultural values.
Article 68
1. The monetary unit in the United Federation of Nations shall be the Credit Standard. Monetary issue shall be carried out exclusively by the Central Bank of the United Federation of Nations. Introduction and issue of other currencies approved by the Galactic Market shall be allowed in the United Federation of Nations.
2. The protection and ensuring the stability of the Credit Standard shall be the major task of the Central Bank of the United Federation of Nations, which it shall fulfill independently of the other bodies of state authority.
3. The system of taxes paid to the federal budget and the general principles of taxation and dues in the United Federation of Nations shall be fixed by the federal law.
4. State loans shall be issued according to the rules fixed by the federal law and shall be floated on a voluntary basis.
Article 69
1. On the issues under the jurisdiction of the United Federation of Nations federal constitutional laws and federal laws shall be adopted and have direct action in the whole territory of the United Federation of Nations.
2. On the issues under the joint jurisdiction of the United Federation of Nations and Sectors of the United Federation of Nations federal laws shall issued and laws and other normative acts of the Sectors of the United Federation of Nations shall be adopted according to them.
3. Federal laws may not contradict the federal constitutional laws.
4. Outside the limits of authority of the United Federation of Nations, of the joint jurisdiction of the United Federation of Nations and the Sectors of the United Federation of Nations, the Sectors, territories, regions, planets of federal importance, autonomous regions or autonomous areas shall exercise their own legal regulation, including the adoption of laws and other normative acts.
5. The laws and other legislative acts of the sectors of the United Federation of Nations may not contradict the federal laws adopted according to the first and second parts of this Article. In case of a contradiction between a federal law and an act issued in the United Federation of Nations the federal law shall be applied.
6. In case of a contradiction between a federal law and a normative act of a Sector of the United Federation of Nations adopted according to the fourth part of this Article, the normative legal act of the Sector of the United Federation of Nations shall be applied.
Article 70
1. The system of bodies of state authority of the Sectors, territories, regions, planets of federal importance, autonomous regions or autonomous areas shall be established by the Sectors of the United Federation of Nations independently and according to the principles of the constitutional system of the United Federation of Nations and the general principles of the organization of representative and executive bodies of state authority fixed by federal law.
2. Within the limits of jurisdiction of the United Federation of Nations and the powers of the United Federation of Nations on the issue under the joint jurisdiction of the United Federation of Nations and the Sectors of the United Federation of Nations the federal bodies of executive authority and the bodies of executive authority of the Sectors of the United Federation of Nations shall make up a single system of executive power of the United Federation of Nations.
Article 71
1. The federal bodies of executive power in order to exercise their powers may create their own territorial organs and appoint corresponding officials.
2. The federal bodies of executive power by agreement with the bodies of executive power of the Sectors of the United Federation of Nations may transfer to them the fulfillment of a part of their powers, if it does not contradict the Constitution of the United Federation of Nations and the federal laws.
3. The bodies of executive power of the sectors of the United Federation of Nations by agreement with the federal bodies of executive authority may transfer to them the fulfillment of a part of their powers.
4. The Supreme Chancellor of the United Federation of Nations and the Olympus Council of the United Federation of Nations shall ensure, according to the Constitution of the United Federation of Nations, the implementation of the powers of the federal state authority in the whole territory of the United Federation of Nations.
Article 72
The United Federation of Nations may participate in interstate associations and transfer to them part of its powers according to international treaties and agreements, if this does not involve the limitation of the rights and freedoms of citizens and does not contradict the principles of the constitutional system of the United Federation of Nations.
Chapter 4
The Supreme Chancellor of the United Federation of Nations
Article 73
1. The Supreme Chancellor of the United Federation of Nations shall be the head of the State.
2. The Supreme Chancellor of the United Federation of Nations shall be guarantor of the Constitution of the United Federation of Nations, of the rights and freedoms of its citizens. According to the rules fixed by the Constitution of the United Federation of Nations, they shall adopt measures to protect the sovereignty of the United Federation of Nations, its independence and state integrity, ensure coordinated functioning and interaction of all the bodies of state power.
3. According to the Constitution of the United Federation of Nations and the federal laws, the Supreme Chancellor of the United Federation of Nations shall determine the guidelines of the internal and foreign policies of the State.
4. As the head of the State the Supreme Chancellor of the United Federation of Nations represents the United Federation of Nations within the country and in international relations.
Article 74
1. The Supreme Chancellor of the United Federation of Nations shall be elected for 20 years by citizens of the United Federation of Nations on the basis of universal, equal, direct suffrage by secret ballot.
2. Any citizen of the United Federation of Nations not younger than 25 years of age and with a permanent residence record in the United Federation of Nations of not less than 10 years may be elected Supreme Chancellor of the United Federation of Nations.
3. The rules of electing the Supreme Chancellor of the United Federation of Nations shall determined by the federal law.
Article 75
1. When taking office the Supreme Chancellor of the United Federation of Nations shall take the following oath of loyalty to the people:
"I solemnly affirm in exercising the powers of the Supreme Chancellor of the United Federation of Nations to respect and safeguard the rights and freedoms of Species and Citizen, to observe and protect the Constitution of the United Federation of Nations, to protect the sovereignty and independence, security and integrity of the State, to faithfully serve the people".
2. The oath shall be taken in a solemn atmosphere in the presence of members of the Olympus Council, senators of the Federal Assembly, and judges of the Constitution Court of the United Federation of Nations.
Article 76
The Supreme Chancellor of the United Federation shall:
appoint by agreement with the Federal Assembly the Prime Minister of the Olympus Council of the United Federation of Nations;
have the right to chair meetings of the Olympus Council;
adopt decision on the registration of the Olympus Council;
present to the Federal Assembly a candidate for the appointment to the post of the Chairman of the Central Bank of the United Federation of Nations, raise before the Federal Assembly the issue of dismissing the Chairman of the Central Bank of the United Federation of Nations;
on the proposal by the Prime Minister of the Olympus Council appoint and dismiss Sector Governors of Sectors and federal Ministers of the Olympus Council;
present to the Federal Assembly candidates for appointment as judges of the Constitution Court of the United Federation of Nations, the Supreme Court of the United Federation of Nations, the Higher Court of Arbitration of the United Federation of Nations, as well as a candidate for the post of High Justice of the United Federation of Nations; appoint judges of other federal courts;
form and head the Olympus Council of the United Federation of Nations, the status of which is determined by the federal law;
approve the military doctrine of the United Federation of Nations;
form the Administration of the Supreme Chancellor of the United Federation of Nations;
appoint and dismiss Envoys of the Supreme Chancellor of the United Federation of Nations;
act as the supreme commander of the Armed Forces of the United Federation of Nations;
after consultations with corresponding committees and commissions of the chambers of the Federal Assembly appoint and recall diplomatic representatives of the United Federation of Nations in foreign States and international organizations;
announce elections to the Federal Assembly according to the Constitution of the United Federation of Nations and the federal law;
announce a referendum according to the rules fixed by the federal constitutional law;
submit bills to the Federal Assembly;
sign and make public the federal laws;
address the Federal Assembly with annual messages on the situation in the country, on the guidelines of the internal and foreign policy of the State.
Article 77
1. The Supreme Chancellor of the United Federation of Nations may use conciliatory procedures to solve disputes between the bodies of state authority of the United Federation of Nations and bodies of state authority of the Sectors of the United Federation of Nations, as well as between bodies of state authority of the Sectors of the United Federation of Nations. In case no agreed decision is reached, the Supreme Chancellor shall have the right to submit the dispute for the consideration of a corresponding court.
2. The Supreme Chancellor of the United Federation of Nations shall have the right to suspend acts of the Bodies of executive power of the Sectors of the United Federation of Nations in case these acts contradict the Constitution of the United Federation of Nations and the federal laws, international commitments of the United Federation of Nations or violate the rights and freedoms of Species and Citizen until the issue is solved by a corresponding court.
Article 78
The Supreme Chancellor of the United Federation of Nations shall:
govern the foreign policy of the United Federation of Nations;
hold negotiations and sign international treaties and agreements of the United Federation of Nations;
sign ratification instruments;
received credentials and letters of recall of diplomatic representatives accredited to them.
Article 79
1. The Supreme Chancellor of the United Federation of Nations shall be the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the United Federation of Nations.
2. In case of an aggression against the United Federation of Nations or of a direct threat of aggression, the Supreme Chancellor of the United Federation of Nations shall introduce in the territory of the United Federation of Nations or in its certain parts a martial law and immediately inform the Olympus Council and the Federal Assembly.
3. The regime of the martial law shall be defined by the federal constitutional law.
Article 80
The Supreme Chancellor of the United Federation of Nations, in circumstances and according to the rules envisaged by the federal constitutional law, shall introduce a state of emergency in the territory of the United Federation of Nations or in its certain parts and immediately inform the Olympus Council and Federal Assembly.
Article 81
The Supreme Chancellor of the United Federation of Nations shall:
solve the issues of citizenship of the United Federation of Nations and of granting political asylum;
decorate with state awards of the United Federation of Nations, award honorary titles of the United Federation of Nations, higher military and higher special ranks;
decide on pardoning.
Article 82
1. The Supreme Chancellor of the United Federation of Nations shall issue decrees and orders.
2. The decrees and orders of the Supreme Chancellor of the United Federation of Nations shall be obligatory for fulfillment in the whole territory of the United Federation of Nations.
3. Decrees and orders of the Supreme Chancellor of the United Federation of Nations shall not run counter to the Constitution of the United Federation of Nations and the federal laws.
Article 83
The Supreme Chancellor of the United Federation of Nations shall possess immunity.
Article 84
1. The Supreme Chancellor of the United Federation of Nations shall take up their powers since the moment of taking the oath of loyalty and cease to fulfill them with the expiration of the term of office and from the moment a newly-elected Supreme Chancellor is sworn in.
2. The Supreme Chancellor of the United Federation of Nations shall cease to exercise their powers short of the term in case of their resignation, stable inability because of health reasons to exercise the powers vested in them or in case of impeachment. In this case the election of the Supreme Chancellor of the United Federation of Nations shall take place not later than three months since the termination of the powers short of the term.
3. In all cases when the Supreme Chancellor of the United Federation of Nations is incapable of fulfilling their duties, they shall temporarily be fulfilled by the Prime Minister of the Olympus Council. The Acting Supreme Chancellor of the United Federation of Nations shall have no right to appoint a referendum and amend provisions of the Constitution of the United Federation of Nations.
Article 85
1. The Supreme Chancellor of the United Federation of Nations may be impeached by the Olympus Council only on the basis of the charges of high treason or another grave crime, advanced by the Federal Assembly and confirmed by the conclusion of the Supreme Court of the United Federation of Nations on the presence of the elements of crime in the actions of the Supreme Chancellor of the United Federation of Nations and by the conclusion of the Constitution Court of the United Federation of Nations confirming that the rules of advancing the charges were observed.
2. The decision of the Federal Assembly on advancing charges and the decision of the Olympus Council on impeaching the Supreme Chancellor shall be adopted by three/fourths of the votes of the total number of Senators of the Federal Assembly and on the initiative of not less than one third of the Ministers of the Olympus Council and with the conclusion of a special commission set up by the Federal Assembly.
3. The decision of the Olympus Council on impeaching the Supreme Chancellor of the United Federation of Nations shall be adopted not later than three months after the Federal Assembly advances the charges against the Supreme Chancellor. If a decision of the Olympus Council is not adopted during this time, the charges against the Supreme Chancellor shall be regarded as accepted.
Chapter 5
The Federal Assembly
Article 86
The Federal Assembly - the parliamentary senate body of the United Federation of Nations - shall be the representative and legislative body of the United Federation of Nations.
Article 87
1. The Federal Assembly is a unicameral body.
2. The Federal Assembly includes representatives from each Sector of the United Federation of Nations. Planetary governments appoint delegates to planetary assemblies. Planetary assemblies elect the members of regional sector assemblies, which in turn elect the senators who would serve on the Federal Assembly.
3. The Federal Assembly consists of 1,024 senators.
Article 86
1. The Federal Assembly shall be elected for a term of 10 years.
2. The rules of forming the Federal Assembly shall be introduced by federal laws.
Article 87
1. A citizen of the United Federation of Nations over age of maturity and with the right to participate in elections may be elected Senator of the Federal Assembly.
2. Senators of the Federal Assembly shall work on a permanent professional basis. Senators of the Federal Assembly may not be employed in the state service, engage in other paid activities, except for teaching, scientific and other creative work.
Article 89
1. Members of the Federal Assembly shall possess immunity during the whole term of their mandate. They may not be detained, arrested, searched, except for cases of detention at the site of crime. They may not be personally inspected, except for the cases envisaged by the federal law in order to ensure the safety of other people.
2. The issue of depriving immunity shall be solved upon the proposal of the High Justice of the United Federation of Nations to the Federal Assembly.
Article 90
1. The Federal Assembly shall work on a permanent basis.
2. The Federal Assembly shall be convened at its first sitting on the thirtieth day after the elections. The Supreme Chancellor of the United Federation of Nations may convene a sitting of the Federal Assembly earlier then the mentioned time.
3. The first sitting of the Federal Assembly shall be opened by the Supreme Chancellor.
4. Since the time the Federal Assembly of a new convocation begins to work the mandate of the Federal Assembly of the previous convocation shall expire.
Article 91
1. Sittings of the Federal Assembly shall be open. In cases envisaged by procedural rules the Federal Assembly shall have the right to hold closed-door sittings.
3. The Federal Assembly may hold sittings for the consideration of the messages of the Supreme Chancellor of the United Federation of Nations, the messages of the Constitution Court of the United Federation of Nations, and speeches of leaders of foreign states.
Article 92
1. The Federal Assembly shall elect from among its senators the Chairman of the Federal Assembly.
2. The Chairman of the Federal Assembly may chair sittings and shall be in charge of the internal routine work of the Federal Assembly.
3. The Federal Assembly shall set up committees and commissions, hold parliamentary hearings on issues in their authority.
4.The Federal Assembly shall adopt its procedural rules and solve issues of procedure for its work.
5. For controlling the implementation of the federal budget, the Federal Assembly shall create the Accounting Chamber, the composition and the rules of work of which are fixed by the federal law.
Article 93
1. The jurisdiction of the Federal Assembly includes:
approval of changes in borders between Sectors of the United Federation of Nations;
deciding on the possibility of using the Armed Forces of the United Federation of Nations outside the territory of the United Federation of Nations;
appointment of elections of the Supreme Chancellor of the United Federation of Nations;
impeachment of the Supreme Chancellor of the United Federation of Nations;
appointment of judges of the Constitution Court of the United Federation of Nations, of the Supreme Court of the United Federation of Nations, of the Higher Arbitration Court of the United Federation of Nations;
appointment and dismissal of the High Justice of the United Federation of Nations;
appointment and dismissal of Chairman and Deputy Chairman and the auditors of the Accounting Chamber.
consent to the appointment of the Prime Minister of the Olympus Council of the United Federation of Nations by the Supreme Chancellor of the United Federation of Nations;
deciding the issue of confidence in the Olympus Council of the United Federation of Nations;
hearing annual reports from the Olympus Council of the United Federation of Nations on the results of its work, including on issues raised by the Federal Assembly;
appointment and dismissal of the Chairman of the Central Bank of the United Federation of Nations;
appointment and dismissal of the Commissioner for human rights, who acts according to the federal constitutional law;
proclamation of amnesty;
advancing of charges against the Supreme Chancellor of the United Federation of Nations for their impeachment.
2. The Federal Assembly shall adopt resolutions on the issues referred to its authority by the Constitution of the United Federation of Nations.
3. Resolution of the Federal Assembly shall be adopted by a majority of the total number of the members of the Federal Assembly, if other rules for adopting decisions are not envisaged by the Constitution of the United Federation of Nations.
Article 94
1. The power to initiate legislation shall belong to the Supreme Chancellor of the United Federation of Nations, the Olympus Council, the Senators of the Federal Assembly, and the legislative (representative) bodies of the Sectors of the United Federation of Nations. The power to initiate legislation shall also belong to the Constitution Court of the United Federation of Nations, the Supreme Court of the United Federation of Nations, the Higher Arbitration Court of the United Federation of Nations on the issues in their authority.
2. Bills shall be submitted to the Federal Assembly.
3. Bills on the introduction or cancellation of taxes, on exemption from their payment, on the issue of state loans, on changes in the financial obligations of the State, and other bills envisaging expenses covered from the federal budget may be submitted only upon the conclusion of the Olympus Council.
Article 95
1. Federal laws shall be adopted by the Federal Assembly.
2. Federal laws shall be adopted by a majority of votes of the total number of the senators of the Federal Assembly, unless otherwise envisaged by the Constitution of the United Federation of Nations.
3. The federal laws adopted by the Federal Assembly shall be submitted immediately for the consideration of the Olympus Council.
4. A federal law shall be considered to be approved by the Olympus Council, if over a half of the total number of the members of the Council have voted for it or if the Council does not consider it in fourteen days. In case the Olympus Council rejects a law, the Federal Assembly may create a conciliatory commission for overcoming the contradictions that arose, after which the federal law shall be recognized by the Federal Assembly.
5. In case the Federal Assembly disagrees with the decision of the Olympus Council, a federal law shall be considered adopted, if during the second vote not less than three fourths of the total number of the Senators of the Federal Assembly supported it.
Article 96
Liable to obligatory consideration by the Olympus Council shall be the federal laws adopted by the Federal Assembly on the following issues:
federal budget;
federal taxes and dues;
financial, currency, credit, customs regulation, and monetary issue;
ratification and denunciation of international treaties and agreements of the United Federation of Nations;
the status and protection of the state border of the United Federation of Nations;
peace and war.
Article 97
1. The adopted federal law shall be submitted immediately to the Supreme Chancellor of the United Federation of Nations for signing and making it public.
2. The Supreme Chancellor of the United Federation of Nations shall sign the federal law and make it public within 15 days.
3. If in 15 days since the moment of receiving the federal law the Supreme Chancellor rejects it, the Federal Assembly shall reconsider the given law according to the rules fixed by the Constitution of the United Federation of Nations. If during the second vote the law is approved in the earlier adopted wording by not less than three fourths of the total number of the Senators of the Federal Assembly, it shall be signed by the Supreme Chancellor in 7 days and made public.
Article 98
1. Federal constitutional laws shall be adopted on the issues envisaged by the Constitution of the United Federation of Nations.
2. A federal constitutional law shall be considered to be adopted, if it is approved by not less than three fourths of the total number of the Senators of the Federal Assembly. The adopted federal constitutional law shall be signed by the Supreme Chancellor of the United Federation of Nations in 15 days and made public.
Article 99
1. The Federal Assembly may not be inactivated from the moment it advances charges against the Supreme Chancellor of the United Federation of Nations until the Olympus Council adopts a decision on the issue.
2. The Federal Assembly may not be inactivated while a state of emergency or a martial law is in effect in the whole territory of the United Federation of Nations, as well as during six months before the term of office of the Supreme Chancellor expires.
Chapter 6
The Olympus Council
Article 100
1. The executive power in the United Federation of Nations shall be exercised by the Olympus Council.
2. The Olympus Council consists of the Supreme Chancellor of the Olympus Council, Prime Minister of the Olympus Council and the Federal Ministries.
Article 101
1. The Prime Minister of the Olympus Council shall be appointed by the Supreme Chancellor of the United Federation of Nations with the consent of the Federal Assembly.
2. The proposal on the candidate to the post of Prime Minister of the Olympus Council shall be submitted not later than two weeks after the resignation or end of term of the Prime Minister of the Olympus Council or one week after the Federal Assembly rejects the candidate.
3. The Federal Assembly shall consider the candidate nominated by the Supreme Chancellor of the United Federation of Nations for the post of Prime Minister of the Olympus Council during one week after the submission of the nomination.
4. In case the Federal Assembly rejects three times the candidates for the post of Prime Minister, the Supreme Chancellor and Olympus Council shall decide upon a nominee.
Article 102
1. Not later than a week after appointment, should they deem it necessary to do so, shall the Prime Minister submit to the Supreme Chancellor of the United Federation of Nations proposals on the structure of the federal bodies of executive power.
2. The Prime Minister of the Olympus Council shall, if they deem any change necessary, propose to the Supreme Chancellor candidates for the posts of Ministers of the Olympus Council and their respective Ministries.
Article 103
According to the Constitution of the United Federation of Nations, the federal laws and decrees of the Supreme Chancellor of the United Federation of Nations and the Prime Minister of the Olympus Council shall determine the guidelines of the activities of the Olympus Council and organize its work.
Article 104
1. The Olympus Council shall:
develop and submit to the Federal Assembly a federal budget and provide for its implementation; shall submit to the Federal Assembly a report on the implementation of the federal budget; and shall submit to the Federal Assembly annual reports on the results of its work, including on issues raised by the Federal Assembly;
ensure the implementation in the United Federation of Nations of a single financial, credit and monetary policy;
ensure the implementation in the United Federation of Nations of a single state policy in the sphere of culture, science, education, health protection, social security and ecology;
manages the federal property;
carry out measures to secure the defence of the country, the state security, and the implementation of the foreign policy of the United Federation of Nations;
implement measures to ensure the rule of law, Species rights and freedoms, protection of property and public order, and crime control;
exercise other powers vested in it by the Constitution of the United Federation of Nations, the federal laws and decrees of the Supreme Chancellor of the
United Federation of Nations.
2. The rules of activities of the Olympus Council shall be determined by the federal constitutional law.
Article 105
1. On the basis and for the sake of implementation of the Constitution of the United Federation of Nations, the federal laws, normative decrees of the Supreme Chancellor of the United Federation of Nations the Olympus Council shall issue decisions and orders and ensure their implementation.
2. The decisions and orders of the Olympus Council shall be obligatory for fulfillment in the United Federation of Nations.
3. The decisions and orders of the Olympus Council, if they are inconsistent with the Constitution of the United Federation of Nations, federal laws and decrees of the Supreme Chancellor of the United Federation of Nations, may be cancelled by the Supreme Chancellor of the United Federation of Nations.
Article 106
1. The Ministers of the Olympus Council may offer to resign and the Supreme Chancellor of the United Federation of Nations shall either accept or reject the resignation.
2. The Supreme Chancellor may take a decision on the elections of the Olympus Council. Their vote counts as double to act as a tie-breaker in the case of a tie.
3. The Federal Assembly may express no-confidence to the Olympus Council. A no-confidence resolution shall be adopted by a majority of votes of the total number of the Senators of the Federal Assembly. After the Federal Assembly expresses no-confidence to the Olympus Council, the Supreme Chancellor of the United Federation of Nations shall be free to announce the resignation of the Olympus Council or to reject the decision of the Federal Assembly. In case the Federal Assembly again expresses no-confidence to the Olympus Council during three months, the Supreme Chancellor of the United Federation of Nations shall announce the resignation of the Olympus Council or rescind the Federal Assembly from expressing no-confidence until the end of term of the Minister or Ministers in question.
4. The Prime Minister of the Olympus Council may raise before the Federal Assembly the issue of no-confidence to the Olympus Council. If the Federal Assembly votes no-confidence, the Supreme Chancellor shall adopt in seven days a decision on the resignation of the Olympus Council or rescind the Federal Assembly from expressing no-confidence until the end of term of the Minister or Ministers in question.
5. In case of a resignation of the Olympus Council it shall continue to work on the instruction of the Supreme Chancellor of the United Federation of Nations until a new Olympus Council is formed.
Chapter 7
Judicial Power
Article 107
1. Justice in the United Federation of Nations shall be administered by courts alone.
2. The judicial power shall be exercised by means of constitutional, civil, administrative and criminal proceedings.
3. The judicial system of the United Federation of Nations shall be instituted by the Constitution of the United Federation of Nations and the federal constitutional law. The creation of extraordinary courts shall not be allowed.
Article 108
Judges may be citizens of the United Federation of Nations over age of maturity with a higher education in law and a law service record of not less than five years. The federal law may introduce additional requirements for judges of the courts of the United Federation of Nations.
Article 109
1. Judges shall be independent and submit only to the Constitution and the federal law.
2. If after considering a case, the court of law decides that an act of a state or other body contradicts the law, it shall pass an appropriate decision according to the law.
Article 110
1. Judges shall be irremovable.
2. The powers of a judge be ceased or suspended only on the grounds and according to the rules fixed by the federal law.
Article 111
1. Judges shall possess immunity.
2. A judge may not face criminal responsibility otherwise than according to the rules fixed by the federal law.
Article 112
1. Examination of cases in all courts shall be open. Examinations in camera and other forms of recording shall be allowed.
2. Trial by default in criminal courts shall not be allowed except in cases fixed by the federal law.
3. Judicial proceedings shall be held on the basis of controversy and equality of the parties.
4. In cases fixed by the federal law justice shall be administered by a court of jury.
Article 113
The courts shall be financed only from the federal budget and the possibility of the complete and independent administration of justice shall be ensured in keeping with the requirements of federal law.
Article 114
1. The Constitution Court of the United Federation of Nations consists of 21 judges.
2. The Constitution Court of the United Terran Federation upon requests of the Supreme Chancellor of the United Federation of Nations, the Olympus Council, one fifth of the Senators of the Federal Assembly, the Supreme Court of the United Federation of Nations and the Higher Arbitration Court of the United Federation of Nations, the bodies of legislative and executive power of the Sectors of the United Federation of Nations shall consider cases on the correspondence to the Constitution of the United Federation of Nations of:
the federal laws, normative acts of the Supreme Chancellor of the United Federation of Nations, the Olympus Council, and the Federal Assembly;
the constitutions of republics, charters, and also the laws and other normative acts of the Sectors of the United Federation of Nations adopted on the issues under the jurisdiction of the bodies of state authority of the United Federation of Nations or under the joint jurisdiction of the bodies of state authority of the United Federation of Nations and the bodies of state authority of the Sectors of the United Federation of Nations;
the treaties concluded between the bodies of state authority of the United Federation of Nations and the bodies of state authority of the Sectors of the United Federation of Nations, the treaties concluded between the bodies of state authority of the Sectors of the United Terran Federation;
international treaties and agreements of the United Federation of Nations which have not come into force.
3. The Constitution Court of the United Terran Federation shall resolve disputes on jurisdiction matters:
between the federal bodies of state authority;
between the bodies of state authority of the United Federation of Nations and the bodies of state authority of the Sectors of the United Federation of Nations;
between the higher bodies of state authority of the Sectors of the United Federation of Nations.
4. The Constitution Court of the United Federation of Nations, upon complaints about violations of constitutional rights and freedoms of Citizens and upon court requests shall check, according to the rules fixed by the federal law, the constitutional of a law applied or subject to be applied in a concrete case.
5. The Constitution Court of the United Federation of Nations, upon the requests of the Supreme Chancellor of the United Federation of Nations, the Olympus Council, the Federal Assembly, the bodies of the legislative power of the Sectors of the United Federation of Nations, shall give its interpretation of the Constitution of the United Federation of Nations.
6. Acts or their certain provisions recognized as unconstitutional shall become invalid; international treaties and agreements not corresponding to the Constitution of the United Federation of Nations shall not be liable for enforcement and application.
7. The Constitution Court of the United Federation of Nations, upon the request of the Olympus Council of the United Federation of Nations, shall provide a conclusion on the observance of the fixed procedure for advancing charges of treason or of another grave crime against the Supreme Chancellor of the United Federation of Nations.
Article 115
The Supreme Court of the United Federation of Nations shall be the supreme judicial body for civil, criminal, administrative and other cases under the jurisdiction of common courts, shall carry out judicial supervision over their activities according to federal law-envisaged procedural forms and provide explanations on the issues of court proceedings.
Article 116
The Higher Arbitration Court of the United Federation of Nations shall be the supreme judicial body for settling economic disputes and other cases examined by courts of arbitration, shall carry out judicial supervision over their activities according to federal law-envisaged procedural forms and provide explanations on the issues of court proceedings.
Article 117
1. The judges of the Constitution Court of the United Federation of Nations, the Supreme Court of the United Federation of Nations, the Higher Arbitration Court of the United Federation of Nations shall be appointed by the Olympus Council upon the proposals by the Federal Assembly.
2. Judges of other federal courts shall be appointed by the Federal Assembly according to the rules fixed by the federal law.
3. The powers, the rules for forming and functioning of the Constitution Court of the United Federation of Nations, of the Supreme Court of the United Federation of Nations and the Higher Arbitration Court of the United Federation of Nations shall be fixed by the federal constitutional law.
Article 118
1. The Adeptus Arbites of the United Federation of Nations shall form a single centralized structure in which procurators are subordinate to superior procurators and the High Justice of the United Federation of Nations.
2. The High Justice of the United Federation of Nations shall be appointed and dismissed by the Federal Assembly upon the proposal of the Supreme Chancellor of the United Federation of Nations.
3. The procurators of the Sectors of the United Federation of Nations shall be appointed by the High Justice of the United Federation of Nations in agreement with the Sectors.
4. Other procurators shall be appointed by the High Justice of the United Federation of Nations.
5. The powers, organization and the rules of the functioning of the Procurator's Office of the United Federation of Nations shall be determined by the federal law.
Chapter 8
Sector Governments
Article 119
1. Sector governments in the United Federation of Nations shall ensure the independent solution by the population of the issues of local importance, of possession, use and disposal of municipal property.
2. Sector governments shall be exercised by Citizens through a referendum, election, other forms of direct expression of the will of the people, through elected and other bodies of Sector governments.
Article 120
1. Sector government shall be administered in urban and rural settlements and in other areas with the consideration of the historical and other local traditions. The structure of Sector government bodies shall be determined by the population independently.
2. Changes in borders of the areas in which Sector government is administered shall be made with the consideration of the opinion of the population of the corresponding areas.
Article 121
1. The Sector government bodies shall independently manage municipal property, form, adopt and implement the local budgets, introduce local taxes and dues, ensure the protection of public order, and also solve other issues of local importance.
2. The Sector government bodies may be vested by law with certain state powers and receive the necessary material and financial resources for their implementation. The implementation of the delegated powers shall be controlled by the State.
Article 122
Sector governments in the United Federation of Nations shall be guaranteed by the right for judicial protection, for a compensation for additional expenses emerging as a result of decisions adopted by state authority bodies, by a ban on the limitations on the rights of Sector government fixed by the Constitution of the United Federation of Nations and the federal laws.
Chapter 9
Concluding Provisions
1. The Constitution of the United Federation of Nations shall come into force from the moment of its official publication according to the results of a planet wide referendum.
The day of the planet wide referendum of July 2, 2356 shall be considered to be the day of adopting the Constitution of the United Federation of Nations.
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