Centurie de la Clairière Rude
Buckingham (/ˈbʌkɪŋəm/ BUK-ing-əm) is a market town in north Buckinghamshire, England, close to the borders of Northamptonshire and Oxfordshire, which had a population of 12,890 at the 2011 Census. The town lies approximately 12 miles (19 km) west of Central Milton Keynes, 19 miles (31 km) south-east of Banbury, and 24 miles (39 km) north-east of Oxford.
Buckingham and the surrounding area has been settled for some time with evidence of Roman settlement found in several sites close to the River Great Ouse, including a temple south of the A421 at Bourton Grounds which was excavated in the 1960s and dated to the 3rd century AD. A possible Roman building was identified at Castle Fields in the 19th century. Pottery, kiln furniture and areas of burning found at Buckingham industrial estate suggest it was the site of some early Roman pottery kilns.[4]
Old County Gaol in Buckingham, built 1748. It is now the Buckingham Old Gaol Museum.
In the 7th century, Buckingham (literally "hemmed in land of Bucca's people"[5]) is said to have been founded by Bucca, the leader of the first Anglo Saxon settlers.[6] The first settlement was located around the top of a loop in the River Great Ouse, presently the Hunter Street campus of the University of Buckingham. Between the 7th century and the 11th century, the town of Buckingham regularly changed hands between the Saxons and the Danes, in particular, in 914 King Edward the Elder and a Saxon army encamped in Buckingham for four weeks forcing local Danish Viking leaders to surrender.[6] Subsequently, a fort was constructed at the location of the present Buckingham parish church.[6] Buckingham is mentioned in the Burghal Hidage, a document commonly ascribed to the early tenth century, but more probably of the period 878–9, which describes a system of forts set up by King Alfred (d.899) over the whole of the West Saxon kingdom. When King Edward encamped at Buckingham with his army in 914, he was therefore restoring a fort which had already existed for more than a generation. This tactical move was part of a putsch against the Danish Vikings who controlled what had been southern Mercia, and which involved the taking of control of Viking centres at Bedford, Northampton, Cambridge and eventually the whole of East Anglia by the end of 917.
Buckingham is the first settlement referred to in the Buckinghamshire section of the Domesday Book of 1086.[7] Buckingham was referred to as Buckingham with Bourton, and the survey makes reference to 26 burgesses, 11 smallholders and 1 mill.
Manoirs Domesday
Name Households Buckingham 62.5 Hillesden 36 Beachampton 30 Preston [Bissett] 24 Bourton 23.5 Thornton 20 Chetwode 15 Tingewick 15 Lenborough 12 Barton [Hartshorn] 7 Gawcott 3 Haseley 2
Lieu situé sous
Titre du Gouverneur / Posseseur
Organisation Propriétaire