Centurie des Collines Broussailleuses
Princes Risborough (/ˈrɪzbərə/) is a market town and civil parish in Buckinghamshire, England; it is located about 9 miles (14 km) south of Aylesbury and 8 miles (13 km) northwest of High Wycombe. It lies at the foot of the Chiltern Hills, at the north end of a gap or pass through the Chilterns; the south end of which is at West Wycombe.
The name 'Risborough' comes from the Old English hrisen beorgas meaning 'brushwood-covered hills'. Hrisen, an adjective meaning brushwood-covered derived from hris meaning brushwood or scrub, and beorgas which meant hills. The spelling varies in the documents in which the name is found.[4]
In the 13th century, it was known as Magna Risberge (Great Risborough) which distinguished it from Parva Risberge (Little Risborough), which is now Monks Risborough. Later it was Earls Risborough because the manor was held by the Earls of Cornwall between 1242 and 1336. At some point, following the death of Edward the Black Prince, it became Prince Risberge and later Princes Risborough, as the manor belonged to various Princes during the Wars of the Roses during the 15th century.[4]
Risborough 1066–1086
Great Risborough, as it was then known, had been a Saxon village held by Edward the Confessor. As a royal manor it could be used by the King to make financial provision for members of the royal family or others whom the King at any point might wish to reward. The current land where the royal manor once stood (now a car park known as The Mount) bares traces of banks and entrenchments, enclosed by a moat and is originally believed to have been a Saxon encampment.[5] The land was then held shortly by Harold Godwinson before he was defeated at the Battle of Hastings.[6]
Before 1066, the land of the manor and village only paid £10 at face value (i.e. without weighing the coins). Furthermore, a burgess of Oxford paid 2s and a saltboiler of Droitwich an amount left blank. A freeman held three virgates and had the right to sell his land, though it was said that he served the sheriff.[7] At the time of the Domesday survey in 1086, the Manor of Risborough was an extensive complex of a royal manor, stud farm, deer park and a large fishery. There most likely was an earlier church on the current site of St Mary's Church today. It was part of the Hundred of Risborough, which also comprised Bledlow, Horsenden and Monks Risborough.
In 1086, the land was assessed at 30 hides both before and after the conquest, of which 20 hides related to the demesne. The manor had land for 24 ploughs, four of them in the lord's demesne. There were 30 villagers and they together with 12 bordars (cottagers or small holders[8]) had 20 ploughs. There were three slaves. There were two mills, worth 14s 8d a year, meadow for seven ploughteams (generally taken as needing eight oxen each) and woodland sufficient for 1,000 pigs. In total, it paid £47 a year in white silver, less 16d.
Manoirs Domesday
Name Households [Princes] Risborough 47 [Monks] Risborough 44 Bledlow 43 Horsenden 13
Lieu situé sous
Titre du Gouverneur / Posseseur
Organisation Propriétaire