Ranedian

Known natively as Votasian, but to the rest of the galaxy, it's referred to as "Ranedian", it is spoken by Ranedians, Ranedian Synths, and Ranedian Protogens.

Natively known as: votas /voʊˈtɑs/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
riorprar e vas var saepr co riorprar var higak lilun caphix mivanth urrax
Pronunciation: /ɹiˌoʊɹˈpɹɑɹ ɛ vɑs vɑɹ sɑˈɛpɹ koˈʊ ɹiˌoʊɹˈpɹɑɹ vɑɹ hiˈgɑk liˈlʊn kɑpˈhiʒ miˈvɑnθ ʊˈɹɹɑʒ/
Votasian word order: and he stood his hat holding and his wet face turned the wind to

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: b c d f g h k l m n p r s t v x

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m		n
Stop	p b		t d	c	k g
Fricative		f v	s		x	h
Trill			r
Lateral approximant			l

Vowel inventory: a e i o u y

	Front	Back
High	i y	u
High-mid	e	o
Low	a

Syllable structure: Custom defined ?
Stress pattern: Ultimate — stress is on the last syllable ?
Sound changes (in order of application):

• a → ɑ
• e → ɛ
• i → i
• o → oʊ
• u → ʊ
• b → b
• c → k
• d → d
• f → f
• g → g
• h → h
• j → ʤ
• k → k
• l → l
• m → m
• n → n
• ng → ŋ
• p → p
• q → k
• q → kʊ / _#
• qu → kw / #_
• r → ɹ
• r → əɹ / p_
• s → s
• sh → ʃ
• t → t
• th → θ
• v → v
• w → w
• x → ʒ
• x → ʧ / #_
• x → ks / _#
• z → z / _#
• z → ʒ

Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
ɑ	a
ɛ	e
i	i
oʊ	o
ʊ	u
b	b
ʤ	j
ɹ	r

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Grammar

Main word order: Subject Object Verb (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary the door opened with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: postpositions ?

Nouns

Nouns have two cases:

• Nominative is the doer of a verb: dog bites man.
• Accusative is the done-to of a verb: man bites dog.

Nominative	No affix prixros /pɹiʒɹoˈʊs/ dog (doing the verb)
Accusative	Prefix ra- raprixros /ɹɑˌpɹiʒɹoˈʊs/ (verb done to) dog

	Singular	Plural
Definite	No affix prixros /pɹiʒɹoˈʊs/ the dog	Suffix -ev prixrosev /pɹiˌʒɹoʊˈsɛv/ the dogs
Indefinite	Prefix mi- miprixros /miˌpɹiʒɹoˈʊs/ a dog	Prefix ri- riprixros /ɹiˌpɹiʒɹoˈʊs/ some dogs

Articles

Votasian encodes definite article ‘the’, and indefinite article ‘a’ in noun affixes. See Noun section.

Pronouns

	Nominative	Accusative
1st singular	as /ɑs/ I	a /ɑ/ me
2nd singular	o /oˈʊ/ you	pris /pɹis/ you
3rd singular masc	e /ɛ/ he, it (masc)	van /vɑn/ his, it (masc)
3rd singular fem	pras /pɹɑs/ she, it (fem)	av /ɑv/ her, it (fem)
1st plural inclusive	ik /ik/ we (including you)	u /ʊ/ us (including you)
1st plural exclusive	i /i/ we (excluding you)	pra /pɹɑ/ us (excluding you)
2nd plural	va /vɑ/ you all	pru /pɹʊ/ you all
3rd plural	pre /pɹɛ/ they	vas /vɑs/ them

Possessive determiners

	Possessive
1st singular	i /i/ my
2nd singular	o /oˈʊ/ your
3rd singular masc	var /vɑɹ/ his
3rd singular fem	a /ɑ/ her
1st plural inclusive	e /ɛ/ our (including you)
1st plural exclusive	rax /ɹɑʒ/ our (excluding you)
2nd plural	nex /nɛʒ/ your (pl)
3rd plural	am /ɑm/ their

Verbs

	Present	Past
1st singular	Prefix ko- kovaxav /koˌʊvɑˈʒɑv/ (I) learn	Suffix -ih vaxavih /vɑʒɑˈvih/ (I) learned
2nd singular	Prefix so- sovaxav /soˌʊvɑˈʒɑv/ (you) learn	Suffix -ar vaxavar /vɑʒɑˈvɑɹ/ (you) learned
3rd singular	If ends with vowel: Suffix -v Else: Suffix -e vaxave /vɑʒɑˈvɛ/ (he/she/it) learns	Suffix -opr vaxavopr /vɑˌʒɑvoˈʊpɹ/ (he/she/it) learned
1st plural inclusive	Prefix la- lavaxav /lɑvɑˈʒɑv/ (we (including you)) learn	Prefix ca- cavaxav /kɑvɑˈʒɑv/ (we (including you)) learned
1st plural exclusive	Prefix ka- kavaxav /kɑvɑˈʒɑv/ (we (excluding you)) learn	Prefix ha- havaxav /hɑvɑˈʒɑv/ (we (excluding you)) learned
2nd plural	If ends with vowel: Suffix -pr Else: Suffix -e vaxave /vɑʒɑˈvɛ/ (you all) learn	Prefix vo- vovaxav /voˌʊvɑˈʒɑv/ (you all) learned
3rd plural	If ends with vowel: Suffix -v Else: Suffix -i vaxavi /vɑʒɑˈvi/ (they) learn	Suffix -apr vaxavapr /vɑʒɑˈvɑpɹ/ (they) learned

Votasian uses a standalone particle word for future tense:

Future

Particle before the verb: kemek - kemek vaxav /kɛˈmɛk vɑˈʒɑv/ will learn

Numbers

Votasian has a base-10 number system:
1 - akav
2 - ripru
3 - limpal
4 - aruvpra
5 - pris
6 - se
7 - rinon
8 - ka
9 - li
10 - prutuh
100 - vocepra
1000 - sokkulo

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -m
Else: Suffix -e
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -pr
Else: Suffix -e
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Suffix -apr
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Suffix -ov
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -pr
Else: Suffix -a
Noun to verb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -pr
Else: Suffix -e
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Prefix ko-
Tending to = Suffix -apr
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -pr
Else: Suffix -e
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Suffix -or
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -v
Else: Suffix -a
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Prefix vi-
Diminutive = Prefix su-
Augmentative = If ends with vowel: Suffix -v
Else: Suffix -a

Dictionary

3106 Words.