Draconic

Natively known as: struz /stɹʌz/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
no thok triya vo gu geph no ranzig gu shra kilshognus gund le
Pronunciation: /no θok tɹɪˈʤɑ vo gʌ gɛph no ɹɑnˈzɪg gʌ ʃɹɑ kɪlʃogˈnʌs gʌnd lɛ/
Struzian word order: and he stood holding hat his and turned his face wet the wind to

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: b c d g h j k l m n p r s t v x z

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m		n
Stop	p b		t d	c	k g
Fricative		v	s z		x	h
Approximant				j
Trill			r
Lateral approximant			l

Vowel inventory: a e i o u

	Front	Back
High	i	u
High-mid	e	o
Low	a

Syllable structure: Custom defined ?
Stress pattern: Ultimate — stress is on the last syllable ?
Sound changes (in order of application):

• a → ɑ
• b → b
• ch → ʧ
• c → k
• d → d
• e → ɛ
• f → f
• g → g
• h → h
• i → ɪ
• j → ʤ
• kk → k
• k → k
• ll → l
• l → l
• m → m
• ng → ŋ
• nn → n
• n → n
• o → o
• p → p
• q → k
• r → ɹ
• sh → ʃ
• s → s
• th → θ
• t → t
• u → ʌ
• v → v
• w → w
• x → ks
• y → i
• z → z

Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
c	k
j	y
x	kh
ɑ	a
b	b
ʧ	ch
d	d
ɛ	e
f	f
g	g
h	h
ɪ	i
ʤ	j
k	k
l	l
m	m
ŋ	ng
n	n
o	o
p	p
ɹ	r
ʃ	sh
s	s
θ	th
t	t
ʌ	u
v	v
w	w
z	z

---

Grammar

Main word order: Subject Verb Object (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary opened the door with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned after the noun.
Adposition: postpositions ?

Nouns

Singular	No affix krut /kɹʌt/ dog
Plural	If starts with vowel: Prefix h- Else: Prefix hi- hikrut /hɪˈkɹʌt/ dogs

Articles

Definite	khe /ʧɛ/ the
Indefinite	hi /hɪ/ a, some

Uses of definite article that differ from English:

• Definite article can be omitted: ‘I am going to supermarket’
• Used to talk about countable nouns in general: English’s ‘I like cats’ would translate to ‘I like the cats’
• Used for languages: ‘The English’

Pronouns

1st singular	gand /gɑnd/ I, me, mine
2nd singular	khakh /khɑks/ you, yours
3rd singular masc	thok /θok/ he, him, his, it, its
3rd singular fem	viph /vɪph/ she, her, hers, it, its
1st plural	tho /θo/ we, us, ours
2nd plural	sus /sʌs/ you all, yours (pl)
3rd plural	vo /vo/ they, them, theirs

Possessive determiners

1st singular	ba /bɑ/ my
2nd singular	ku /kʌ/ your
3rd singular masc	gu /gʌ/ his
3rd singular fem	u /ʌ/ her
1st plural	gri /gɹɪ/ our
2nd plural	phri /phɹɪ/ your (pl)
3rd plural	kon /kon/ their

Verbs

	Present	Past	Remote past
1st singular	If starts with vowel: Prefix kh- Else: Prefix khe- khekanzu /khɛkɑnˈzʌ/ (I) learn	If starts with vowel: Prefix n- Else: Prefix na- nakanzu /nɑkɑnˈzʌ/ (I) learned	Prefix e- ekanzu /ɛkɑnˈzʌ/ (I) learned (long ago)
2nd singular	Prefix i- ikanzu /ɪkɑnˈzʌ/ (you) learn	If starts with vowel: Prefix l- Else: Prefix li- likanzu /lɪkɑnˈzʌ/ (you) learned	If starts with vowel: Prefix el- Else: Prefix ele- elekanzu /ɛˌlɛkɑnˈzʌ/ (you) learned (long ago)
3rd singular	If starts with vowel: Prefix shr- Else: Prefix shro- shrokanzu /ʃɹokɑnˈzʌ/ (he/she/it) learns	Prefix che- khekanzu /ʧɛkɑnˈzʌ/ (he/she/it) learned	If starts with vowel: Prefix str- Else: Prefix stri- strikanzu /stɹɪkɑnˈzʌ/ (he/she/it) learned (long ago)
1st plural	Prefix bu- bukanzu /bʌkɑnˈzʌ/ (we) learn	If starts with vowel: Prefix t- Else: Prefix ta- takanzu /tɑkɑnˈzʌ/ (we) learned	Prefix gra- grakanzu /gɹɑkɑnˈzʌ/ (we) learned (long ago)
2nd plural	Prefix u- ukanzu /ʌkɑnˈzʌ/ (you all) learn	Prefix stri- strikanzu /stɹɪkɑnˈzʌ/ (you all) learned	Prefix zi- zikanzu /zɪkɑnˈzʌ/ (you all) learned (long ago)
3rd plural	If starts with vowel: Prefix kr- Else: Prefix kro- krokanzu /kɹokɑnˈzʌ/ (they) learn	If starts with vowel: Prefix ch- Else: Prefix cha- khakanzu /ʧɑkɑnˈzʌ/ (they) learned	If starts with vowel: Prefix tr- Else: Prefix tro- trokanzu /tɹokɑnˈzʌ/ (they) learned (long ago)

Struzian uses a standalone particle word for future tense:

Future

Particle before the verb: zhec - zhek kanzu /zhɛk kɑnˈzʌ/ will learn

Imperfective aspect

The ‘imperfective’ aspect refers to ongoing actions, such as I am learning and habitual actions, such as I learn (something new every day).
Struzian uses an affix for imperfective:

Imperfective

Prefix o- okanzu /okɑnˈzʌ/ learns/is learning

Numbers

Struzian has a base-10 number system:
1 - me
2 - lond
3 - khet
4 - luth
5 - grish
6 - kes
7 - stri
8 - krek
9 - go
10 - kuh
100 - geta
1000 - thikh

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = Suffix -ic
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Suffix -a
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Suffix -e
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Prefix zhu-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Suffix -e
Noun to verb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ldre
Else: Suffix -oldre
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -sthe
Else: Suffix -usthe
Tending to = Suffix -i
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -k
Else: Suffix -ik
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Suffix -i
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = If starts with vowel: Prefix ch-
Else: Prefix chu-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -n
Else: Suffix -in
Diminutive = Prefix i-
Augmentative = If starts with vowel: Prefix ondr-
Else: Prefix ondri-

Dictionary

3093 Words.

Successor Languages

• Drekihelraedu