Ayyubid Sultanate under Salah ad-Din overwhelimngly defeats the Crusader forces of the Kingdom of Jerusalem.
Third Crusade
Timeline of the Third Crusade
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1187 AD
4 /7
The Battle of Hattin
Military action -
1187 AD
29 /10
Call for Third Crusade
Political eventPope Gregory VIII issues the bull Audita tremendi (A trembling voice) calling for a new Crusade to recapture Jerusalem. Henry II of England, his son Richard, Philip II of France and Frederick Barbarossa are among the prominent Europeans who answer the call.
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1189 AD
4
Barbarossa sets off on Crusade
Population Migration / TravelRoman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa sets off from Regensburg, in Bavaria, on the banks of the Danube.
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1189 AD
28 /81191 AD
11 /7
Siege of Acre
Following the Battle of Hattin Ayyubid forces capture all of the Kingdom of Jerusalem save Tyre. Guy de Lusignan. King of Jerusalem, launched a coutnerattack by laying siege to Acre. The siege lasted two years, and the eventual taking of the city was the major achievement of the Third Crusade.
Location
Acre -
1189 AD
9
First crusaders arrive in the Holy Land
Population Migration / TravelThe first of the crusaders to respond to Pope Gregory's call for a new crusade begin to arrive in the Holy Land. From this point a steady stream of new crusaders arrive.
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1189 AD
12
Richard leaves England
Population Migration / TravelRichard sails from Dover and reaches Calais on December 11. Many say that he will never return to England.
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1190 AD
11190 AD
/6
Richard tours continental possessions
Political eventDuring the first part of 1190 King Richard tours his continental poossessions - Normandy, Anjou. Poitheu and Aquitaine - appointing or confirming seneschals and making arrangements for his absence.
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1190 AD
4
Barbarossa crosses the Bosphorous
Population Migration / TravelBy Easter (April 1) Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa crosses the Bosphorous and enters Asia Minor.
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1190 AD
6
German-HUngarian army reaches Antioch
Plague / EpidemicThe German-HUngarian army under the command of Frederick, Duke of Swabia, and Prince Géza of Hungary, reach Antioch on 21 June. Disease strikes, and only 5,000 Germans and Hungarians 0 a third of the original contingent - press on to Acre.
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1190 AD
6
Death of Frederick Barbarossa
Life, DeathRoman Emporer Frederick Barabrossa drowns in the Saleph river near Silifke Castle in Cilician Armenia. Frederick took a shortcut along the river on Armenian advice, while his army cross the mountains.
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1190 AD
71190 AD
/9
Richard and Philip begin their crusade
Population Migration / TravelRichard and Philip meet in Vézelay, Burgundy, and begin their separate journeys to Outremer.
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1190 AD
91190 AD
/10
Richard takes Messina
Military actionRichard conquers Messina, angered at King Tancred of Sicily's refusal to give money promised for the crusade by his predecessor, Richard's brother-in-law King William II, by Tancred's imprisonment of William's widow, Richard's sister Joan, and by the attitude of the citizens of Messina towards the crusaders.
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1190 AD
101191 AD
/3
Richard and Philip winter in Sicily
Military actionKings Richard and Philip spend the winter in Messina, Sicily.
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1190 AD
12
Richard and Philip celebrate Christmas in Messina
Political eventRichard holds Christmas court at Mategriffon, the wooden castle he built in Messina. He invites King Philip to his court, where there is gold and silver plate in splendour and an abundance of meat and drink in great variety.
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1191 AD
2
Berengaria and Eleanor reach Naples
Population Migration / TravelBerengaria of Navarre and Eleanor of Aquitaine reach Naples in late February, accompanied by Count Philip of Flanders. King Tancred complains their retinue is too large to accommodate in an already overcrowded Messina; he is prepared to allow Count Philip into the city, but not Berengaria and Eleanor, who travel to Brindisi
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1191 AD
3
Richard gives Excalibur to Tancred
Political eventRichard and Tancred meet for a five-day conference regarding Tancred's refusal to allow Berengaria and Eleanor into Messina. Richard reassures Tancred that rumours of his support for Tancred's rival Henry VI are lies spread by King Philip of France. They exchange gifts: Richard gives Tancred Excalibur, the legendary sword of King Arthur; Tancred gives Richard four large transport ships and 15 galleys.
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1191 AD
3
Richard and Philip confer
Diplomatic actionRichard and Philip meet to discuss Richard's arranged marriage to Philip's sister Alice. Philip agrees to release Richard from his promise in return for 10,000 marks.
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1191 AD
30 /3
Philip leaves Sicily; Berengaria and Eleanor arrive
Population Migration / TravelPhilip, disappointed by his concessions to Richard, leaves Messina for the Holy Land on March 30, hours before Berengaria of Navarre and Eleanor of Aquitaine arrive.
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1191 AD
4
Philip arrives at Acre
Military actionKing Philip of France arrives at Acre and takes command of the siege on 20 April.
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1191 AD
2 /4
Eleanor leaves for Normandy
Population Migration / TravelAfter three days'rest in Messina, 69 year old Eleanor of Aquitaine leaves the city to start the journey back to Normandy, leaving berengaria of Navarre in the care of her daughter Joan.
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1191 AD
5
Richard and Berengaria marry
MarriageRichard, King of the English, and Berengaria of Navarre marry at Limassol, Cyprus, on 12 May.
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1191 AD
7
Crusaders take Acre
Military actionAcre surrenders to Crusader forces under King Richard, King Philip and Duke Leopald of Austria. Acre becomes the capital of the Kingdo of Jerusalem .
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1191 AD
20 /8
Massacre at Ayyadieh
Military actionRichard the Lionheart orders the execution of 2,700 prisoners captured in the Siege of Acre when negotiations between himself and Salah ad-Din break down.
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1191 AD
7 /9
Battle of Arsuf
Military actionCrusaders under King Richard hold off forces of the Ayyubid Sultanate under Salah ad-Din.
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1192 AD
27 /71192 AD
8 /8
Battle of Jaffa
Military action -
1192 AD
2 /91195 AD
2 /9
Treaty of Jaffa
Diplomatic actionThree year truce ending the Third Crusade.