Ofyqsi

The tongue of the Leonine people.

Natively known as: ofyqsi /ofikˈsɪ/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
bekhshad ma durmed dasrer basb rukshamaj bekhshad nibugim basb khunechiq takhda khangli ibtega
Pronunciation: /bɛkhˈʃɑd mɑ dʌɹˈmɛd dɑˈsɹɛɹ bɑsb ɹʌkʃɑˈmɑʤ bɛkhˈʃɑd nɪbʌˈgɪm bɑsb khʌnɛˈʧɪk tɑkhˈdɑ khɑˈŋlɪ ɪbtɛˈgɑ/
Ofyqsi word order: and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: b c d f g h j k l m n p q r s t v z

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal	m		n
Stop	p b		t d	c	k g	q
Fricative		f v	s z				h
Approximant				j
Trill			r
Lateral approximant			l

Vowel inventory: a e i o u y

	Front	Back
High	i y	u
High-mid	e	o
Low	a

Syllable structure: Custom defined ?
Stress pattern: Ultimate — stress is on the last syllable ?
Sound changes (in order of application):

• a → ɑ
• bb → b
• b → b
• ch → ʧ
• c → k
• d → d
• e → ɛ
• ff → f
• f → f
• gg → g
• g → g
• h → h
• i → ɪ
• j → ʤ
• kk → k
• k → k
• ll → l
• l → l
• m → m
• ng → ŋ
• nn → n
• n → n
• o → o
• p → p
• q → k
• rr → ʀ
• r → ɹ
• sh → ʃ
• ss → s
• s → s
• th → θ
• t → t
• u → ʌ
• v → v
• w → w
• x → ks
• y → i
• z → z

Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
ɑ	a
b	b
ʧ	ch
d	d
ɛ	e
f	f
g	g
h	h
i	i
ɪ	i
ʤ	j
k	k
l	l
m	m
ŋ	ng
n	n
o	o
p	p
ɹ	r
ʃ	sh
s	s
θ	th
t	t
ʌ	u
v	v
w	w
z	z

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Grammar

Main word order: Subject Verb Object (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary opened the door with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: prepositions ?

Nouns

Singular	Prefix ny- nyulpin /niʌlˈpɪn/ dog
Plural	No affix ulpin /ʌlˈpɪn/ dogs

Articles

	Definite	Indefinite
Singular	sharril /ʃɑˈʀɪl/ the	tehrnahr /tɛˈhɹnɑhɹ/ a
Plural	ablsangsy /ɑblsɑŋˈsi/ the	ghu /ghʌ/ some

Uses of definite article that differ from English:

• Definite article can be omitted: ‘I am going to supermarket’
• Not used for mass (uncountable) nouns: ‘Walking in the mud’ would always translate to ‘Walking in mud’.
• Used for personal names in third person: ‘The Maria has left for school’
• Used for languages: ‘The English’

Pronouns

1st singular	uch /ʌʧ/ I, me, mine
2nd singular	cha /ʧɑ/ you, yours
3rd singular masc	ma /mɑ/ he, him, his, it (masc), its (masc)
3rd singular fem	ob /ob/ she, her, hers, it (fem), its (fem)
1st plural inclusive	lu /lʌ/ we (including you), us (including you), ours (including you)
1st plural exclusive	ik /ɪk/ we (excluding you), us (excluding you), ours (excluding you)
2nd plural	o /o/ you all, yours (pl)
3rd plural	u /ʌ/ they, them, theirs

Possessive determiners

	Possessive
1st singular	e /ɛ/ my
2nd singular	qakh /kɑkh/ your
3rd singular masc	basb /bɑsb/ his
3rd singular fem	ys /is/ her
1st plural inclusive	se /sɛ/ our (including you)
1st plural exclusive	u /ʌ/ our (excluding you)
2nd plural	a /ɑ/ your (pl)
3rd plural	i /ɪ/ their

Verbs

Present	No affix mur /mʌɹ/ learn
Past	Suffix -uk muruk /mʌˈɹʌk/ learned
Remote past	Suffix -ob murob /mʌˈɹob/ learned (long ago)

Ofyqsi uses a standalone particle word for future tense:

Future

Particle before the verb: eh - eh mur /ɛh mʌɹ/ will learn

Imperfective aspect

The ‘imperfective’ aspect refers to ongoing actions, such as I am learning and habitual actions, such as I learn (something new every day).
Ofyqsi uses an affix for imperfective:

Imperfective

If ends with vowel: Suffix -p Else: Suffix -e mure /mʌˈɹɛ/ learns/is learning

Perfect aspect

The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.
Ofyqsi uses an affix for the perfect aspect:

Perfect

Prefix sho- shomur /ʃoˈmʌɹ/ have learned

Numbers

Ofyqsi has a base-10 number system:
1 - lafon
2 - dungdy
3 - ydkalo
4 - fohah
5 - ymnersshi
6 - akeblan
7 - fykhbyngry
8 - rohuf
9 - kefaegh
10 - chiun
100 - podir
1000 - pash

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = Prefix gu-
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Prefix cho-
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Suffix -agh
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Prefix py-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -b
Else: Suffix -u
Noun to verb = Prefix ha-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -r
Else: Suffix -u
Tending to = Prefix qa-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Suffix -ys
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Suffix -ish
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Prefix la-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Suffix -et
Diminutive = Prefix fo-
Augmentative = If ends with vowel: Suffix -v
Else: Suffix -o

Dictionary

3109 Words.