Ikarian language

Natively known as: ikarianon /ˈikaˌrianon/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
nit rawd ginyare mong inshit nasharare nit mong pobdati tum shakare eg pe
Pronunciation: /nit rɔd ˈgiɲare moŋ ˈinʃit ˈnaʃaˌrare nit moŋ ˈpobdati tum ˈʃakare eg pe/
Ikarian word order: and he stood his hat holding and his wet face turned the wind to

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: b d f g k l m n p r s t ŋ ɲ ʃ ʎ ʦ θ

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Dental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Palatal	Velar
Nasal	m			n		ɲ	ŋ
Stop	p b			t d			k g
Affricate				ʦ
Fricative		f	θ	s	ʃ
Trill				r
Lateral approximant				l		ʎ

Vowel inventory: a e i o u ɔ ɛ

	Front	Back
High	i	u
High-mid	e	o
Low-mid	ɛ	ɔ
Low	a

Syllable structure: (C)V(C)
Stress pattern: Initial — stress is on the first syllable
Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
ɔ	aw
ɛ	è
ŋ	ng
ɲ	ny
ʃ	sh
ʎ	y
ʦ	ts
θ	th

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Grammar

Main word order: Subject Object Verb (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary the door opened with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: postpositions

Nouns

Nouns have six cases:

• Nominative is the doer of a verb: dog bites man.
• Accusative is the done-to of a verb: man bites dog.
• Genitive is the possessor of something: dog’s tail hits man.
• Dative is the recipient of something: man gives ball to dog.
• Locative is the location of something: man goes to town.
• Ablative is movement away from something: man walks from town.

Nouns form plural with separate plural word:

Plural

Particle before the noun: ɔ - aw gal /ɔ gal/ dogs

Nominative	No affix gal /gal/ dog (doing the verb)
Accusative	If ends with vowel: Suffix -k Else: Suffix -ok galok /ˈgalok/ (verb done to) dog
Genitive	If ends with vowel: Suffix -n Else: Suffix -an galan /ˈgalan/ dogʼs
Dative	If ends with vowel: Suffix -p Else: Suffix -ip galip /ˈgalip/ to (the/a) dog
Locative	Suffix -e gale /ˈgale/ near/at/by (the/a) dog
Ablative	If ends with vowel: Suffix -t Else: Suffix -at galat /ˈgalat/ from (the/a) dog

Definite	No affix gal /gal/ the dog
Indefinite	Suffix -ɛ galè /ˈgalɛ/ a dog

Articles

Ikarian encodes definite article ‘the’, and indefinite article ‘a’ in noun affixes. See Noun section.

Pronouns

	Nominative	Accusative	Genitive	Dative	Locative	Ablative
1st singular	pawp /pɔp/ I	tep /tep/ me	paw /pɔ/ mine	rem /rem/ to me	nyè /ɲɛ/ at me	dèr /dɛr/ from me
2nd singular	pa /pa/ you	ten /ten/ you	yu /ʎu/ yours	a /a/ to you	rè /rɛ/ at you	ra /ra/ from you
3rd singular masc	rawd /rɔd/ he, it	nad /nad/ him, it	mong /moŋ/ his, its	bor /bor/ to him, at it	mè /mɛ/ at him, at it	to /to/ from him, from it
3rd singular fem	pel /pel/ she, it	the /θe/ her, it	shè /ʃɛ/ hers, its	pawb /pɔb/ to her, at it	gèy /gɛʎ/ at her, at it	do /do/ from her, from it
1st plural	maw /mɔ/ we	i /i/ us	shaw /ʃɔ/ ours	ga /ga/ to us	nyawr /ɲɔr/ at us	yo /ʎo/ from us
2nd plural	yè /ʎɛ/ you all	ya /ʎa/ you all	tawny /tɔɲ/ yours (pl)	nod /nod/ to you all	oy /oʎ/ at you all	nyer /ɲer/ from you all
3rd plural	awk /ɔk/ they	gè /gɛ/ them	nyi /ɲi/ theirs	be /be/ to them	nik /nik/ at them	pawny /pɔɲ/ from them

Possessive determiners

1st singular	paw /pɔ/ my
2nd singular	yu /ʎu/ your
3rd singular masc	mong /moŋ/ his
3rd singular fem	shè /ʃɛ/ her
1st plural	shaw /ʃɔ/ our
2nd plural	tawny /tɔɲ/ your (pl)
3rd plural	nyi /ɲi/ their

Verbs

Ikarian uses a standalone particle word for past tense:

Past	Particle before the verb: me - me thèyare /me ˈθɛʎare/ learned

Ikarian uses a standalone particle word for future tense:

Future

Particle before the verb: mɔ - maw thèyare /mɔ ˈθɛʎare/ will learn

Progressive aspect

The ‘progressive’ aspect refers to actions that are happening at the time of speaking, such as I am learning.
Ikarian uses a standalone particle word for progressive:

Progressive

Particle before the verb: ti - ti thèyare /ti ˈθɛʎare/ is learning

Habitual aspect

The ‘habitual’ aspect refers to actions that happen habitually, such as I learn (something new every day), as opposed to actions that happen once (I learned something).
Ikarian uses a standalone particle word for habitual:

Habitual

Particle before the verb: bab - bab thèyare /bab ˈθɛʎare/ learns

Perfect aspect

The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.
Ikarian uses an affix for the perfect aspect:

Perfect

Reduplicate first part of first syllable thèthèyare /ˈθɛθɛˌʎare/ have learned

Numbers

Ikarian has a base-10 number system:
1 - uinon
2 - yud
3 - peny
4 - petor
5 - pompe
6 - tha
7 - seften
8 - uhto
9 - dab
10 - deken
Hundred - mu
Thousand - nuthmu

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = Suffix -u
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʎ
Else: Suffix -ɛʎ
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Suffix -ɛ
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -k
Else: Suffix -ik
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Suffix -e
Noun to verb = Suffix -a
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Suffix -ɛ
Tending to = Suffix -aʎ
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ŋ
Else: Suffix -uŋ
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Suffix -ip
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -t
Else: Suffix -ot
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Suffix -i
Diminutive = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ɲ
Else: Suffix -iɲ
Augmentative = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʎ
Else: Suffix -eʎ

A bit of history....

Ikarian belongs to the Davidovian family of languages, thus making it a relative of the Crorai, Seris, Kallian and Oronai languages. In fact it forms with own branch within the Davidovian family tree. It probably originated (alongside oronian) west of the Albine Mountains in the so called Yavana Culture. The two languages began to split around the beginning of the first millenium BP, and by 900-800 BP we can consider them as two separate languages. We can distinguish three "periods" or "phases" for the Ikarian language:

• Archaic Ikarian (900-400 BP)
• Classical Ikarian (400BP-200 AP)
• Late Ikarian (200-460 AP)

Some here include also the Blatian language (as they think of it as the latst stage of the Ikarian Language).

Alphabet:

Ikarian is written in the so called Ikarian-Oronai script (which is also the most extended writting sustem in the continent of Teria

Successor Languages

• The Blatian Language

Spoken by

• The Blatians