Scientific Latin

Few records survived the destruction of the Library of Guines, and all that did survive are closely guarded secrets of the Teles Council. With science banned for many years, these books remained buried, unopened and unstudied.
Well after the bans were lifted, a handful of surviving textbooks from the time before recorded Poneren history were discovered. While the language had shifted somewhat in that time, for the most part, the books were still comprehensible.
However, many of the names contained within the books appeared to be gibberish.

Why would they call a horse "equus caballus"? Isn't a horse a horse?

— 7th century research notes

Patterns and some amount of reasoning could be deciphered from the text. Different types of the same kind of thing would share some of their name, recognizing the relationship between types of animals within the names themselves.
But the source of the names remained a mystery. Researchers recognized structure in the, common suffixes that cropped up and were used frequently or the ordering on what words belonged together. Sounds of the various characters could be guessed as the old characters continued to be used in modern times, but there was no way to be certain.
In the end, some of the ideas the old naming scheme had used were borrowed, giving official names to related plants and animals that were, in fact, related. But the words themselves were forgotten, lost to time.

Syntax

Names appear to be used to classify, from general to specific classification, left-to-right.
A few common suffixes for words exist, covering most examples. They appear to be roughly separating types between more burly and dainty types of things, although this separation isn't always true or obvious. Additional suffixes that don't fit this categorization make their uses less clear.