Urchin

Natively known as: imkúth /ˈimkyth/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
uk gus ba leb úttu dri uk leb lag rorchyh virg erg eb
Pronunciation: /uk gus ba leb ˈyttu dri uk leb lag rorch virg erg eb/
Imkúthi word order: and he stood his hat holding and his wet face turned the wind to

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: b c d f g h j k l m n p r s t v w z

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m		n
Stop	b p		d t	c	g k
Fricative		v f	s z			h
Approximant				j
Trill			r
Lateral approximant			l

Co-articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Labial-velar
Approximant	w

Vowel inventory: a e i o u y

	Front	Back
High	i y	u
High-mid	e	o
Low	a

Syllable structure: Custom defined ?
Stress pattern: Penultimate — stress is on the second last syllable ?
Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
y	ú
c	chy
j	y

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Grammar

Main word order: Subject Object Verb (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary the door opened with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: postpositions ?

Nouns

Nouns have six cases:

• Nominative is the doer of a verb: dog bites man.
• Accusative is the done-to of a verb: man bites dog.
• Genitive is the possessor of something: dog’s tail hits man.
• Dative is the recipient of something: man gives ball to dog.
• Locative is the location of something: man is in town.
• Ablative is movement away from something: man walks from town.

Nominative	No affix yulvúdru /julˈvydru/ dog (doing the verb)
Accusative	Prefix e- eyulvúdru /ˌejulˈvydru/ (verb done to) dog
Genitive	If starts with vowel: Prefix r- Else: Prefix ro- royulvúdru /ˌrojulˈvydru/ dogʼs
Dative	Prefix a- ayulvúdru /ˌajulˈvydru/ to (the/a) dog
Locative	If starts with vowel: Prefix g- Else: Prefix gy- gúyulvúdru /ˌgyjulˈvydru/ near/at/by (the/a) dog
Ablative	If starts with vowel: Prefix kr- Else: Prefix kro- kroyulvúdru /ˌkrojulˈvydru/ from (the/a) dog

Singular	No affix yulvúdru /julˈvydru/ dog
Plural	Prefix wu- wuyulvúdru /ˌwujulˈvydru/ dogs

Articles

Imkúthi has no definite article ‘the’, or indefinite article ‘a’.

Pronouns

	Nominative	Accusative	Genitive	Dative	Locative	Ablative
1st singular	lu /lu/ I	dro /dro/ me	erk /erk/ mine	ghik /ghik/ to me	rot /rot/ at me	eb /eb/ from me
2nd singular	la /la/ you	arnk /arnk/ you	girg /girg/ yours	wa /wa/ to you	yok /jok/ at you	fank /fank/ from you
3rd singular masc	gus /gus/ he, it	bob /bob/ him, it	o /o/ his, its	drúrk /dryrk/ to him, at it	virk /virk/ at him, at it	lúnk /lynk/ from him, from it
3rd singular fem	u /u/ she, it	fli /fli/ her, it	kra /kra/ hers, its	ú /y/ to her, at it	gi /gi/ at her, at it	re /re/ from her, from it
1st plural	flu /flu/ we	vu /vu/ us	ya /ja/ ours	porchyh /porch/ to us	ga /ga/ at us	ri /ri/ from us
2nd plural	vi /vi/ you all	gab /gab/ you all	fla /fla/ yours (pl)	pash /pash/ to you all	út /yt/ at you all	perk /perk/ from you all
3rd plural	bú /by/ they	menk /menk/ them	ni /ni/ theirs	kle /kle/ to them	nis /nis/ at them	dre /dre/ from them

Possessive determiners

1st singular	no /no/ my
2nd singular	nek /nek/ your
3rd singular masc	leb /leb/ his
3rd singular fem	vush /vush/ her
1st plural	ú /y/ our
2nd plural	ri /ri/ your (pl)
3rd plural	dro /dro/ their

Verbs

Present	No affix flez /flez/ learn
Past	Prefix po- poflez /ˈpoflez/ learned
Remote past	If starts with vowel: Prefix b- Else: Prefix bi- biflez /ˈbiflez/ learned (long ago)

Imkúthi uses a standalone particle word for future tense:

Future

Particle before the verb: bunk - bunk flez /bunk flez/ will learn

Numbers

Imkúthi has a base-10 number system:
1 - ma
2 - chyhúwg
3 - a
4 - ra
5 - les
6 - go
7 - fú
8 - asank
9 - dro
10 - úg
100 - vese
1000 - ron

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = Suffix -urch
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Suffix -ish
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Suffix -as
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -k
Else: Suffix -ok
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -k
Else: Suffix -ak
Noun to verb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -wg
Else: Suffix -awg
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -kche
Else: Suffix -ukche
Tending to = Prefix jo-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Suffix -y
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Prefix e-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -k
Else: Suffix -ak
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Suffix -i
Diminutive = If starts with vowel: Prefix l-
Else: Prefix le-
Augmentative = If ends with vowel: Suffix -rg
Else: Suffix -org

Dictionary

3131 Words.

Common Female Names

Angbi, Non, Horbli, Omkú, Chyhadu, Roga

Common Male Names

Hoth, Goak, Klin, Ragtúrg, Hornk, Raknok