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Atthan - Die erste Sprache

Was allgemein als "alte Sprache" bekannt ist hat seinen Ursprung vor der Existenz des A-Khaer, bei den Urwesen des Seins. Es war die Sprache, mit der sich diese ersten Wesen untereinander verständigt haben und es ist nicht bekannt, wie sie sich gebildet hat. Die Urwesen geben keine Auskunft über ihre Herkunft und ob diese Sprache dem "Sein" innewohnt oder sie erst erfunden werden musste bleibt Spekulation.
Die meisten Wörter der alten Sprache, die von Bewohnern Kamrits genutzt werden sind Bezeichnungen für Orte, wie die Ebenen des A-Khaer, Personen, wie die Urwesen selbst, oder Gegenstände aus antiker Zeit oder welche von den Urwesen geschaffen wurden.


Natively known as: atthan /attˈhan/

  ...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
si ṛi̊ng kot nyinyoy yiy wanka si i̊d yiy ṛap chyånghef ye biyke
Pronunciation: /si ɽɨŋ kot ɲiˈnjoj jij wanˈka si ɨɗ jij ɽap cɑŋˈhef je ɓijˈke/
The old Tongue word order: and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind  

Spelling & Phonology

  Consonant inventory: c f h j k m n p s t w ŋ ǀ ɓ ɗ ɲ ɽ ʔ
↓Manner/Place→ Bilabial Labiodental Dental Alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Stop p t c k ʔ
Implosive ɓ ɗ
Fricative f s h
Approximant j
Tap ɽ
Click ǀ
Co-articulated phonemes
↓Manner/Place→ Labial-velar
Approximant w
Vowel inventory: a e i o u ɑ ə ɨ
Front Central Back
High i ɨ u
High-mid e o
Mid ə
Low a ɑ
Syllable structure: (C)V(C)
Stress pattern: Ultimate — stress is on the last syllable   Spelling rules:
Pronunciation Spelling
ʔ ʻ
ɑ
ə
ɨ
c chy
j y
ŋ ng
ɓ b
ɗ d
ɲ ny
ɽ

Grammar

  Main word order: Subject Verb Object (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary opened the door with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: prepositions  

Nouns

Singular No affix
bi̊nyyàtti̊t /ɓɨɲjətˈtɨt/ dog
Plural Reduplicate last part of last syllable
bi̊nyyàtti̊ti̊t /ɓɨˌɲjəttɨˈtɨt/ dogs

Articles

Definite kås /kɑs/ the
Indefinite si /si/ a, some
Uses of definite article that differ from English:
  • Definite article can be omitted: ‘I am going to supermarket’
  • Used to talk about countable nouns in general: English’s ‘I like cats’ would translate to ‘I like the cats’
  • Not used for mass (uncountable) nouns: ‘Walking in the mud’ would always translate to ‘Walking in mud’.
  Uses of indefinite article that differ from English:
  • Not used for non-specific mass (uncountable) nouns: non-specific means ‘Would you like some (any) tea?’ whereas specific means ‘Some tea (a specific amount) fell off the truck’
 

Pronouns

1st singular ke /ke/ I, me, mine
2nd singular yi̊ /jɨ/ you, yours
3rd singular masc ṛi̊ng /ɽɨŋ/ he, him, his, it, its
3rd singular fem bu /ɓu/ she, her, hers, it, its
1st plural inclusive bà /ɓə/ we (including you), us (including you), ours (including you)
1st plural exclusive wo /wo/ we (excluding you), us (excluding you), ours (excluding you)
2nd plural ye /je/ you all, yours (pl)
3rd plural må /mɑ/ they, them, theirs

Possessive determiners

1st singular meng /meŋ/ my
2nd singular kop /kop/ your
3rd singular masc yiy /jij/ his
3rd singular fem da /ɗa/ her
1st plural inclusive då /ɗɑ/ our (including you)
1st plural exclusive chye /ce/ our (excluding you)
2nd plural kaw /kaw/ your (pl)
3rd plural ṛap /ɽap/ their

Verbs

  The old Tongue uses a standalone particle word for past tense:
Past Particle before the verb: ǀi -
ǀi bi̊ya /ǀi ɓɨˈja/ learned
The old Tongue uses a standalone particle word for future tense:
Future Particle before the verb: fi -
fi bi̊ya /fi ɓɨˈja/ will learn

Imperfective aspect

  The ‘imperfective’ aspect refers to ongoing actions, such as I am learning and habitual actions, such as I learn (something new every day).
The old Tongue uses an affix for imperfective:
Imperfective Prefix ke-
kebi̊ya /keɓɨˈja/ learns/is learning

Perfect aspect

  The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.
The old Tongue uses an affix for the perfect aspect:
Perfect Reduplicate first part of first syllable
bi̊bi̊ya /ɓɨɓɨˈja/ have learned

Numbers

  The old Tongue has a base-10 number system:   1 - hin
2 - yà
3 - bå
4 - nyitsiwam
5 - mat
6 - chyiṛ
7 - yàn
8 - en
9 - bi
10 - ǀaseny
11 - ǀasenyhin “ten-one”
100 - hin wey “one hundred”
101 - hin wey hin “one hundred one”
200 - yà wey
1000 - hin ok “one thousand”  

Derivational morphology

  Adjective → adverb = Suffix -u
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Suffix -u
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Suffix -ɑt
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -t
Else: Suffix -it
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Suffix -ow
Noun to verb = Suffix -aw
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -s
Else: Suffix -os
Tending to = If ends with vowel: Suffix -w
Else: Suffix -ɑw
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Prefix ja-
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Suffix -aw
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Suffix -ij
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If starts with vowel: Prefix ɓ-
Else: Prefix ɓi-
Diminutive = Suffix -ɑs
Augmentative = Prefix o-

Geographische Verteilung

Die "alte Sprache" wird hauptsächlich von den Urwesen genutzt um untereinander zu kommunizieren. Einige alte Texte sind in ihr verfasst, meist solche, die mit den Urwesen in Verbindung stehen. Auf  Kamrit sprechen nur die mit der höchsten Bildung die alte Sprache und selbst diese beherrschen meist nur rudimentäre Sätze und benötigen für Übersetzungen mehr Zeit als sie in einem Gespräch gegeben wäre.

Dictionary

4424 Words.
Typische Sätze
Typische unisex Namen
Namen leiten sich meist direkt aus den zugehörigen Bedeutungen ab, welche mit dem Wesen in Verbindung gebracht werden. So bedeutet der Name "Izuriah" neben dem so genannten Urwesen auch "hell, weiß" je nach Situation kann es in alten Texten aber eben auch als Name stehen. Dieser Unterschied wird durch Groß- und Kleinschreibung dargestellt. Namen sind die einzigen Wörter in der alten Sprache, welche einen großen Buchstaben am Anfang stehen haben.

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