Renevian

Natively known as: renev /ɹɛˈnɛv/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
ru akre vyn ikan zar lo ru ikan ysanyj nevbyre pagon jare nonterr
Pronunciation: /ɹʌ ɑˈkɹɛ vɪn ɪˈkɑn zɑɹ lo ɹʌ ɪˈkɑn ɪsɑˈniʤ nɛvbiˈɹɛ pɑˈgon ʤɑˈɹɛ nonˈtɛɹɹ/
Renevian word order: and he stood his hat holding and his wet face turned the wind to

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: b c d f g h j k l m n p q r s t v w x z

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal	m		n
Stop	p b		t d	c	k g	q
Fricative		f v	s z		x		h
Approximant				j
Trill			r
Lateral approximant			l

Co-articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Labial-velar
Approximant	w

Vowel inventory: a e i o ō u y

	Front	Back
High	i y	u
High-mid	e	o ō
Low	a

Syllable structure: Custom defined ?
Stress pattern: Ultimate — stress is on the last syllable ?
Sound changes (in order of application):

• a → ɑ
• b → b
• ch → ʧ
• c → k
• d → d
• e → ɛ
• f → f
• g → g
• h → h
• i → ɪ
• j → ʤ
• k → k
• l → l
• m → m
• ng → ŋ
• n → n
• o → o
• p → p
• q → k
• r → ɹ
• sh → ʃ
• s → s
• th → θ
• t → t
• u → ʌ
• v → v
• w → w
• x → ks
• y → i
• z → z

Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
ɑ	a
b	b
ʧ	ch
d	d
ɛ	e
f	f
g	g
h	h
i	y
ɪ	i
ʤ	j
k	k
l	l
m	m
ŋ	ng
n	n
o	o
p	p
ɹ	r
ʃ	sh
s	s
θ	th
t	t
ʌ	u
v	v
w	w
x	ks
z	z

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Grammar

Main word order: Subject Object Verb (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary the door opened with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: postpositions ?

Nouns

Nouns have five cases:

• Nominative is the doer of a verb: dog bites man.
• Accusative is the done-to of a verb: man bites dog.
• Genitive is the possessor of something: dog’s tail hits man.
• Dative is the recipient of something: man gives ball to dog.
• Locative is the location of something: man is in town.

Nominative	No affix rundrar /ɹʌnˈdɹɑɹ/ dog (doing the verb)
Accusative	Prefix ka- karundrar /kɑɹʌnˈdɹɑɹ/ (verb done to) dog
Genitive	Prefix ra- rarundrar /ɹɑɹʌnˈdɹɑɹ/ dogʼs
Dative	Prefix sō- sōrundrar /sōɹʌnˈdɹɑɹ/ to dog
Locative	Prefix he- herundrar /hɛɹʌnˈdɹɑɹ/ near/at/by dog

Singular	No affix rundrar /ɹʌnˈdɹɑɹ/ dog
Plural	Prefix ji- jyrundrar /ʤɪɹʌnˈdɹɑɹ/ dogs

Articles

Definite	a /ɑ/ the
Indefinite	ō /ō/ a, some

Uses of definite article that differ from English:

• Used to talk about countable nouns in general: English’s ‘I like cats’ would translate to ‘I like the cats’
• Not used for mass (uncountable) nouns: ‘Walking in the mud’ would always translate to ‘Walking in mud’.
• Used for personal names in third person: ‘The Maria has left for school’
• Used for languages: ‘The English’
• Used with place names: ‘The London’

Uses of indefinite article that differ from English:

• Not used for non-specific mass (uncountable) nouns: non-specific means ‘Would you like some (any) tea?’ whereas specific means ‘Some tea (a specific amount) fell off the truck’

Pronouns

	Nominative	Accusative	Genitive	Dative	Locative
1st singular	nev /nɛv/ I	annev /ɑnˈnɛv/ me	anlur /ɑˈnlʌɹ/ mine	rery /ɹɛˈɹɪ/ to me	kyke /kiˈkɛ/ to me
2nd singular	zerrekk /zɛˈɹɹɛkk/ you	yfl /ɪfl/ you	ap /ɑp/ yours	vor /voɹ/ to you	re /ɹɛ/ to you
3rd singular	akre /ɑˈkɹɛ/ he, she, it	yqan /ɪˈkɑn/ his, her, it	redan /ɹɛˈdɑn/ his, hers, its	aknall /ɑkˈnɑll/ to his, to her, to it	es /ɛs/ to his, to her, to it
1st plural inclusive	yr /ɪɹ/ we (including you)	yl /ɪl/ us (including you)	rez /ɹɛz/ ours (including you)	kynor /kɪˈnoɹ/ to us (including you)	an /ɑn/ to us (including you)
1st plural exclusive	ballre /bɑˈllɹɛ/ we (excluding you)	valeh /vɑˈlɛh/ us (excluding you)	apvan /ɑpˈvɑn/ ours (excluding you)	har /hɑɹ/ to us (excluding you)	yv /iv/ to us (excluding you)
2nd plural	ek /ɛk/ you all	jyr /ʤɪɹ/ you all	zar /zɑɹ/ yours (pl)	ryn /ɹɪn/ to you all	ryllnev /ɹɪˈllnɛv/ to you all
3rd plural	va /vɑ/ they	rera /ɹɛˈɹɑ/ them	rere /ɹɛˈɹɛ/ theirs	yj /ɪʤ/ to them	nevry /nɛˈvɹɪ/ to them

Possessive determiners

	Possessive
1st singular	anlur /ɑˈnlʌɹ/ my
2nd singular	ap /ɑp/ your
3rd singular	ikan /ɪˈkɑn/ his, her, its
1st plural inclusive	rez /ɹɛz/ our (including you)
1st plural exclusive	apvan /ɑpˈvɑn/ our (excluding you)
2nd plural	zar /zɑɹ/ your (pl)
3rd plural	rere /ɹɛˈɹɛ/ their

Verbs

Present	If ends with vowel: Suffix -j Else: Suffix -e shetche /ʃɛtˈʧɛ/ learn
Past	No affix shetch /ʃɛtʧ/ learned
Remote past	If ends with vowel: Suffix -k Else: Suffix -i shetchy /ʃɛtˈʧɪ/ learned (long ago)
Future	If ends with vowel: Suffix -b Else: Suffix -a shetcha /ʃɛtˈʧɑ/ will learn

Imperfective aspect

The ‘imperfective’ aspect refers to ongoing actions, such as I am learning and habitual actions, such as I learn (something new every day).
Renevian uses an affix for imperfective:

Imperfective

Prefix ro- roshetch /ɹoˈʃɛtʧ/ learns/is learning

Perfect aspect

The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.
Renevian uses an affix for the perfect aspect:

Perfect

If ends with vowel: Suffix -v Else: Suffix -a shetcha /ʃɛtˈʧɑ/ have learned

Numbers

Renevian has a base-10 number system:
1 - hunevnev
2 - pawyn
3 - karuuz
4 - kyllre
5 - jakys
6 - rull
7 - yl
8 - anqanhan
9 - kerrreje
10 - ytanre
100 - madrall
1000 - olshahksa

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = Prefix ji-
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -v
Else: Suffix -i
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -d
Else: Suffix -a
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Suffix -yk
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Suffix -ah
Noun to verb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -n
Else: Suffix -o
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Suffix -ym
Tending to = Suffix -ab
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -h
Else: Suffix -u
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Prefix ha-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Suffix -in
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Suffix -ah
Diminutive = Prefix va-
Augmentative = If ends with vowel: Suffix -k
Else: Suffix -u

Dictionary

3152 Words.