Ignan

Natively known as: setuvbu /sɛtʌvˈbʌ/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
wyrbafa i ky byjky vit mimldytr wyrbafa fuh vit hikakirh hydramlhamr getel ecvu
Pronunciation: /wiɹbɑˈfɑ ɪ ki biʤˈki vɪt mɪˈmlditɹ wiɹbɑˈfɑ fʌh vɪt hɪkɑˈkɪɹh hidɹɑˈmlhɑmɹ gɛˈtɛl ɛkˈvʌ/
Setuvbuian word order: and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: b c d f g h j k l m n q r s t v w z

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal	m		n
Stop	b		t d	c	k g	q
Fricative		f v	s z				h
Approximant				j
Trill			r
Lateral approximant			l

Co-articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Labial-velar
Approximant	w

Vowel inventory: a e i u y

	Front	Back
High	i y	u
High-mid	e
Low	a

Syllable structure: Custom defined ?
Stress pattern: Ultimate — stress is on the last syllable ?
Sound changes (in order of application):

• a → ɑ
• bb → b
• b → b
• ch → ʧ
• c → k
• d → d
• e → ɛ
• ff → f
• f → f
• gg → g
• g → g
• h → h
• i → ɪ
• j → ʤ
• kk → k
• k → k
• ll → l
• l → l
• m → m
• ng → ŋ
• nn → n
• n → n
• o → o
• p → p
• q → k
• r → ɹ
• sh → ʃ
• ss → s
• s → s
• th → θ
• t → t
• u → ʌ
• v → v
• w → w
• x → ks
• y → i
• z → z

Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
ɑ	a
b	b
ʧ	ch
d	d
ɛ	e
f	f
g	g
h	h
i	i
ɪ	i
ʤ	j
k	k
l	l
m	m
ŋ	ng
n	n
o	o
p	p
ɹ	r
ʃ	sh
s	s
θ	th
t	t
ʌ	u
v	v
w	w
x	ks
z	z

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Grammar

Main word order: Subject Verb Object (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary opened the door with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: prepositions ?

Nouns

Singular	No affix cuwy /kʌˈwi/ dog
Plural	If ends with vowel: Suffix -z Else: Suffix -y cuwyz /kʌˈwiz/ dogs

Articles

	Definite	Indefinite
Singular	hegim /hɛˈgɪm/ the	eqmy /ɛkˈmi/ a
Plural	usvede /ʌsvɛˈdɛ/ the	zywy /ziˈwi/ some

Uses of definite article that differ from English:

• Used for personal names in third person: ‘The Maria has left for school’
• Used with place names: ‘The London’

Uses of indefinite article that differ from English:

• Not used for non-specific mass (uncountable) nouns: non-specific means ‘Would you like some (any) tea?’ whereas specific means ‘Some tea (a specific amount) fell off the truck’

Pronouns

1st singular	ew /ɛw/ I, me, mine
2nd singular	u /ʌ/ you, yours
3rd singular	y /i/ he, him, his, she, her, hers, it, its
1st plural	ha /hɑ/ we, us, ours
2nd plural	a /ɑ/ you all, yours (pl)
3rd plural	vetr /vɛtɹ/ they, them, theirs

Possessive determiners

	Possessive
1st singular	a /ɑ/ my
2nd singular	za /zɑ/ your
3rd singular	vyt /vit/ his, her, its
1st plural	e /ɛ/ our
2nd plural	u /ʌ/ your (pl)
3rd plural	y /i/ their

Verbs

	Present	Past	Future
1st singular	Prefix gy- gycesam /gikɛˈsɑm/ (I) learn	If ends with vowel: Suffix -c Else: Suffix -a cesama /kɛsɑˈmɑ/ (I) learned	Prefix ne- necesam /nɛkɛˈsɑm/ (I) will learn
2nd singular	Suffix -ug cesamug /kɛsɑˈmʌg/ (you) learn	Prefix ra- racesam /ɹɑkɛˈsɑm/ (you) learned	Prefix me- mecesam /mɛkɛˈsɑm/ (you) will learn
3rd singular	Prefix ji- jicesam /ʤɪkɛˈsɑm/ (he/she/it) learns	Prefix dy- dycesam /dikɛˈsɑm/ (he/she/it) learned	Prefix qu- qucesam /kʌkɛˈsɑm/ (he/she/it) will learn
1st plural	Prefix my- mycesam /mikɛˈsɑm/ (we) learn	Prefix vy- vycesam /vikɛˈsɑm/ (we) learned	Prefix qi- qicesam /kɪkɛˈsɑm/ (we) will learn
2nd plural	If ends with vowel: Suffix -k Else: Suffix -a cesama /kɛsɑˈmɑ/ (you all) learn	Suffix -az cesamaz /kɛsɑˈmɑz/ (you all) learned	Prefix ci- cicesam /kɪkɛˈsɑm/ (you all) will learn
3rd plural	Suffix -es cesames /kɛsɑˈmɛs/ (they) learn	Suffix -uh cesamuh /kɛsɑˈmʌh/ (they) learned	If ends with vowel: Suffix -z Else: Suffix -i cesami /kɛsɑˈmɪ/ (they) will learn

Perfect aspect

The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.
Setuvbuian uses an affix for the perfect aspect:

Perfect

Prefix gu- gucesam /gʌkɛˈsɑm/ have learned

Numbers

Setuvbuian has a base-20 number system:
1 - dake
2 - sujug
3 - sytim
4 - qycythfarh
5 - keqyg
6 - jeuhva
7 - bahenr
8 - cacyqhhuml
9 - kydyth
10 - yr
11 - usyk
12 - genuqh
13 - cidan
14 - ih
15 - cytwyq
16 - bu
17 - qakwer
18 - racycuh
19 - hy
20 - ze
400 - gygak
8000 - qujet

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = Prefix ba-
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Prefix he-
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Prefix si-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Suffix -aj
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Prefix ve-
Noun to verb = Prefix gu-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Suffix -ak
Tending to = If ends with vowel: Suffix -m
Else: Suffix -e
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -b
Else: Suffix -i
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Suffix -in
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -q
Else: Suffix -a
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Prefix ju-
Diminutive = Prefix qa-
Augmentative = Prefix ha-

Dictionary

3114 Words.