Goblin

Natively known as: ymkúth /ˈɪmkiθ/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
uk gus ba leb úttu dry uk leb lag rorch vyrg erg eb
Pronunciation: /ʌk gʌs bɑ lɛb ˈittʌ dɹɪ ʌk lɛb lɑg ɹoɹʧ vɪɹg ɛɹg ɛb/
Imkúthi word order: and he stood his hat holding and his wet face turned the wind to

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: b c d f g h j k l m n p r s t v w z

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m		n
Stop	p b		t d	c	k g
Fricative		f v	s z			h
Approximant				j
Trill			r
Lateral approximant			l

Co-articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Labial-velar
Approximant	w

Vowel inventory: a e i o u y

	Front	Back
High	i y	u
High-mid	e	o
Low	a

Syllable structure: Custom defined ?
Stress pattern: Penultimate — stress is on the second last syllable ?
Sound changes (in order of application):

• a → ɑ
• b → b
• ch → ʧ
• c → k
• d → d
• e → ɛ
• f → f
• g → g
• h → h
• i → ɪ
• j → ʤ
• kk → k
• k → k
• ll → l
• l → l
• m → m
• ng → ŋ
• nn → n
• n → n
• o → o
• p → p
• q → k
• r → ɹ
• sh → ʃ
• s → s
• th → θ
• t → t
• u → ʌ
• v → v
• w → w
• x → ks
• y → i
• z → z

Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
y	ú
ɑ	a
b	b
ʧ	ch
d	d
ɛ	e
f	f
g	g
h	h
i	y
ɪ	i
ʤ	j
k	k
l	l
m	m
ŋ	ng
n	n
o	o
p	p
ɹ	r
ʃ	sh
s	s
θ	th
t	t
ʌ	u
v	v
w	w
x	ks
z	z

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Grammar

Main word order: Subject Object Verb (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary the door opened with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: postpositions ?

Nouns

Nouns have six cases:

• Nominative is the doer of a verb: dog bites man.
• Accusative is the done-to of a verb: man bites dog.
• Genitive is the possessor of something: dog’s tail hits man.
• Dative is the recipient of something: man gives ball to dog.
• Locative is the location of something: man is in town.
• Ablative is movement away from something: man walks from town.

Nominative	No affix julvúdru /ʤʌlˈvidɹʌ/ dog (doing the verb)
Accusative	Prefix e- ejulvúdru /ˌɛʤʌlˈvidɹʌ/ (verb done to) dog
Genitive	If starts with vowel: Prefix r- Else: Prefix ro- rojulvúdru /ˌɹoʤʌlˈvidɹʌ/ dogʼs
Dative	Prefix a- ajulvúdru /ˌɑʤʌlˈvidɹʌ/ to (the/a) dog
Locative	If starts with vowel: Prefix g- Else: Prefix gy- gújulvúdru /ˌgiʤʌlˈvidɹʌ/ near/at/by (the/a) dog
Ablative	If starts with vowel: Prefix kr- Else: Prefix kro- krojulvúdru /ˌkɹoʤʌlˈvidɹʌ/ from (the/a) dog

Singular	No affix julvúdru /ʤʌlˈvidɹʌ/ dog
Plural	Prefix wu- wujulvúdru /ˌwʌʤʌlˈvidɹʌ/ dogs

Articles

Imkúthi has no definite article ‘the’, or indefinite article ‘a’.

Pronouns

	Nominative	Accusative	Genitive	Dative	Locative	Ablative
1st singular	lu /lʌ/ I	dro /dɹo/ me	erk /ɛɹk/ mine	ghyk /ghɪk/ to me	rot /ɹot/ at me	eb /ɛb/ from me
2nd singular	la /lɑ/ you	arnk /ɑɹnk/ you	gyrg /gɪɹg/ yours	wa /wɑ/ to you	jok /ʤok/ at you	fank /fɑnk/ from you
3rd singular masc	gus /gʌs/ he, it	bob /bob/ him, it	o /o/ his, its	drúrk /dɹiɹk/ to him, at it	vyrk /vɪɹk/ at him, at it	lúnk /link/ from him, from it
3rd singular fem	u /ʌ/ she, it	fly /flɪ/ her, it	kra /kɹɑ/ hers, its	ú /i/ to her, at it	gy /gɪ/ at her, at it	re /ɹɛ/ from her, from it
1st plural	flu /flʌ/ we	vu /vʌ/ us	ja /ʤɑ/ ours	porch /poɹʧ/ to us	ga /gɑ/ at us	ry /ɹɪ/ from us
2nd plural	vy /vɪ/ you all	gab /gɑb/ you all	fla /flɑ/ yours (pl)	pash /pɑʃ/ to you all	út /it/ at you all	perk /pɛɹk/ from you all
3rd plural	bú /bi/ they	menk /mɛnk/ them	ny /nɪ/ theirs	kle /klɛ/ to them	nys /nɪs/ at them	dre /dɹɛ/ from them

Possessive determiners

1st singular	no /no/ my
2nd singular	nek /nɛk/ your
3rd singular masc	leb /lɛb/ his
3rd singular fem	vush /vʌʃ/ her
1st plural	ú /i/ our
2nd plural	ry /ɹɪ/ your (pl)
3rd plural	dro /dɹo/ their

Verbs

Present	No affix flez /flɛz/ learn
Past	Prefix po- poflez /ˈpoflɛz/ learned
Remote past	If starts with vowel: Prefix b- Else: Prefix bi- byflez /ˈbɪflɛz/ learned (long ago)

Imkúthi uses a standalone particle word for future tense:

Future

Particle before the verb: bunk - bunk flez /bʌnk flɛz/ will learn

Numbers

Imkúthi has a base-10 number system:
1 - ma
2 - chúwg
3 - a
4 - ra
5 - les
6 - go
7 - fú
8 - asank
9 - dro
10 - úg
100 - vese
1000 - ron

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = Suffix -urch
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Suffix -ish
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Suffix -as
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -k
Else: Suffix -ok
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -k
Else: Suffix -ak
Noun to verb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -wg
Else: Suffix -awg
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -kche
Else: Suffix -ukche
Tending to = Prefix jo-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Suffix -y
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Prefix e-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -k
Else: Suffix -ak
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Suffix -i
Diminutive = If starts with vowel: Prefix l-
Else: Prefix le-
Augmentative = If ends with vowel: Suffix -rg
Else: Suffix -org

Dictionary

3131 Words.