Gnomish

Natively known as: ganùz /ˈgɑniz/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
mu di gùd cho gu mazr mu hygam gu termt weth lul nyzr
Pronunciation: /mʌ dɪ gid ko gʌ mɑzɹ mʌ ˈhɪgɑm gʌ tɛɹmt wɛθ lʌl nɪzɹ/
Ganùzian word order: and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: b c d f g h j k l m n p r s t v w x z

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m		n
Stop	p b		t d	c	k g
Fricative		f v	s z		x	h
Approximant				j
Trill			r
Lateral approximant			l

Co-articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Labial-velar
Approximant	w

Vowel inventory: a e i o u y

	Front	Back
High	i y	u
High-mid	e	o
Low	a

Syllable structure: Custom defined ?
Stress pattern: Initial — stress is on the first syllable ?
Sound changes (in order of application):

• a → ɑ
• bb → b
• b → b
• ch → ʧ
• c → k
• d → d
• e → ɛ
• ff → f
• f → f
• gg → g
• g → g
• h → h
• i → ɪ
• j → ʤ
• kk → k
• k → k
• ll → l
• l → l
• m → m
• ng → ŋ
• nn → n
• n → n
• o → o
• p → p
• q → k
• r → ɹ
• sh → ʃ
• ss → s
• s → s
• th → θ
• t → t
• u → ʌ
• v → v
• w → w
• x → ks
• y → i
• z → z

Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
y	ù
c	ch
j	y
x	kh
ɑ	a
b	b
ʧ	ch
d	d
ɛ	e
f	f
g	g
h	h
i	y
ɪ	i
ʤ	j
k	k
l	l
m	m
ŋ	ng
n	n
o	o
p	p
ɹ	r
ʃ	sh
s	s
θ	th
t	t
ʌ	u
v	v
w	w
z	z

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Grammar

Main word order: Subject Verb Object (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary opened the door with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: prepositions ?

Nouns

Singular	No affix frez /fɹɛz/ dog
Plural	Reduplicate first part of first syllable frefrez /ˈfɹɛfɹɛz/ dogs

Articles

Definite	ak /ɑk/ the
Indefinite	wu /wʌ/ a, some

Uses of indefinite article that differ from English:

• Not used for non-specific countable nouns: non-specific means ‘I am looking for a (any) girl in a red dress’, whereas specific means ‘I am looking for a (particular) girl in a red dress’

Pronouns

	Nominative	Accusative
1st singular	gù /gi/ I	rol /ɹol/ me
2nd singular	nokh /nokh/ you	hokh /hokh/ you
3rd singular masc	dy /dɪ/ he, it (masc)	he /hɛ/ his, it (masc)
3rd singular fem	gy /gɪ/ she, it (fem)	mad /mɑd/ her, it (fem)
1st plural	grorn /gɹoɹn/ we	ge /gɛ/ us
2nd plural	gur /gʌɹ/ you all	ha /hɑ/ you all
3rd plural	pro /pɹo/ they	chakh /kɑkh/ them

Possessive determiners

	Possessive
1st singular	ze /zɛ/ my
2nd singular	ge /gɛ/ your
3rd singular masc	gu /gʌ/ his
3rd singular fem	wy /wɪ/ her
1st plural	fru /fɹʌ/ our
2nd plural	ru /ɹʌ/ your (pl)
3rd plural	a /ɑ/ their

Verbs

	Future
1st person	If ends with vowel: Suffix -c Else: Suffix -ac kuch /kʌk/ (I/we) will learn
2nd person	Suffix -onk kuonk /ˈkʌonk/ (you/you all) will learn
3rd person	Suffix -i kuy /ˈkʌɪ/ (he/she/it/they) will learn

Ganùzian uses a standalone particle word for past tense:

Past	Particle before the verb: wy - wù ku /wi kʌ/ learned

Numbers

Ganùzian has a base-10 number system:
1 - sha
2 - ge
3 - hahs
4 - fre
5 - te
6 - ve
7 - fryn
8 - ro
9 - gorstù
10 - norstù
100 - prast
1000 - shank

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ng
Else: Suffix -ing
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Suffix -ab
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -c
Else: Suffix -ac
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Suffix -i
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -l
Else: Suffix -il
Noun to verb = Suffix -ynk
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Suffix -i
Tending to = If ends with vowel: Suffix -mgo
Else: Suffix -amgo
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -rn
Else: Suffix -irn
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ndga
Else: Suffix -yndga
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Suffix -a
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -n
Else: Suffix -on
Diminutive = If ends with vowel: Suffix -l
Else: Suffix -yl
Augmentative = Suffix -ohs

Dictionary

3116 Words.