Giant

Natively known as: rhyztarn /ˈɹhiztɑɹn/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
yrh e stril muvystrer strosort gurtgyrt yrh thrarirn on stril gedyrhru zrulzyrd kydseon
Pronunciation: /iɹh ɛ stɹɪl ˈmʌvistɹɛɹ ˈstɹosoɹt ˈgʌɹtgiɹt iɹh ˈθɹɑɹɪɹn on stɹɪl ˈgɛdiɹhɹʌ ˈzɹʌlziɹd ˈkidsɛon/
Rhyztarn word order: and he his hat holding stood and the wind to his wet face turned

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: d g h j k l m n r s t v z

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m		n
Stop			t d		k g
Fricative		v	s z			h
Approximant				j
Trill			r
Lateral approximant			l

Vowel inventory: a e i o u y

	Front	Back
High	i y	u
High-mid	e	o
Low	a

Syllable structure: Custom defined ?
Stress pattern: Initial — stress is on the first syllable ?
Sound changes (in order of application):

• a → ɑ
• bb → b
• b → b
• ch → ʧ
• c → k
• d → d
• e → ɛ
• ff → f
• f → f
• gg → g
• g → g
• h → h
• i → ɪ
• j → ʤ
• kk → k
• k → k
• ll → l
• l → l
• m → m
• ng → ŋ
• nn → n
• n → n
• o → o
• p → p
• q → k
• r → ɹ
• sh → ʃ
• ss → s
• s → s
• th → θ
• t → t
• u → ʌ
• v → v
• w → w
• x → ks
• y → i
• z → z

Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
ɑ	a
b	b
ʧ	ch
d	d
ɛ	e
f	f
g	g
h	h
i	i
ɪ	i
ʤ	j
k	k
l	l
m	m
ŋ	ng
n	n
o	o
p	p
ɹ	r
ʃ	sh
s	s
θ	th
t	t
ʌ	u
v	v
w	w
z	z

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Grammar

Main word order: Subject (Prepositional phrase) Object Verb. “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary with a key the door opened.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: postpositions ?

Nouns

Nouns have two cases:

• Ergative is the doer of a verb, when the verb is done to something: dog bites man.
• Absolutive is used in two scenarios: the doer of a verb when not done to something (dog bites), and the done-to of a verb (man bites dog).

Singular

	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Ergative	If ends with vowel: Suffix -zr Else: Suffix -u gorusu /ˈgoɹʌsʌ/ boy (doing a transitive verb)	If ends with vowel: Suffix -d Else: Suffix -y zugred /ˈzʌgɹɛd/ girl (doing a transitive verb)	Suffix -estr ryvoestr /ˈɹivoɛstɹ/ dog (doing a transitive verb)
Absolutive	No affix gorus /ˈgoɹʌs/ boy (doing an intransitive verb)	No affix zugre /ˈzʌgɹɛ/ girl (doing an intransitive verb)	No affix ryvo /ˈɹivo/ dog (doing an intransitive verb)

Plural

	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Ergative	Suffix -az gorusaz /ˈgoɹʌsɑz/ boys (doing a transitive verb)	If ends with vowel: Suffix -th Else: Suffix -u zugreth /ˈzʌgɹɛθ/ girls (doing a transitive verb)	Prefix thy- thyryvo /ˈθiɹivo/ dogs (doing a transitive verb)
Absolutive	Suffix -ik gorusik /ˈgoɹʌsɪk/ boys (doing an intransitive verb)	Prefix ma- mazugre /ˈmɑzʌgɹɛ/ girls (doing an intransitive verb)	Suffix -oh ryvooh /ˈɹivooh/ dogs (doing an intransitive verb)

Articles

Definite	zrelranyk /ˈzɹɛlɹɑnik/ the
Indefinite	gyr /giɹ/ a, some

Uses of definite article that differ from English:

• Definite article can be omitted: ‘I am going to supermarket’
• Used for languages: ‘The English’

Pronouns

	Ergative	Absolutive
1st singular	hy /hi/ I	y /i/ me
2nd singular	ethr /ɛθɹ/ you	o /o/ you
3rd singular masc	e /ɛ/ he,	u /ʌ/ his,
3rd singular fem	in /ɪn/ she,	iz /ɪz/ her,
3rd singular neuter	ag /ɑg/ it (neut)	i /ɪ/ it (neut)
1st plural	igr /ɪgɹ/ we	vu /vʌ/ us
2nd plural	dor /doɹ/ you all	myrd /miɹd/ you all
3rd plural masc	gra /gɹɑ/ they (masc)	a /ɑ/ them (masc)
3rd plural fem	serd /sɛɹd/ they (fem)	vort /voɹt/ them (fem)
3rd plural neuter	om /om/ they (neut)	mort /moɹt/ them (neut)

Possessive determiners

	Possessive
1st singular	u /ʌ/ my
2nd singular	a /ɑ/ your
3rd singular masc	stril /stɹɪl/ his
3rd singular fem	num /nʌm/ her
3rd singular neuter	thra /θɹɑ/ his, her, its (neut)
1st plural	gry /gɹi/ our
2nd plural	y /i/ your (pl)
3rd plural masc	gre /gɹɛ/ their (masc)
3rd plural fem	stro /stɹo/ their (fem)
3rd plural neuter	i /ɪ/ their (neut)

Verbs

	Future
1st person	If ends with vowel: Suffix -s Else: Suffix -i yzi /ˈizɪ/ (I/we) will learn
2nd person	Prefix ro- royz /ˈɹoiz/ (you/you all) will learn
3rd person	If ends with vowel: Suffix -n Else: Suffix -o yzo /ˈizo/ (he/she/it/they) will learn

Rhyztarn uses a standalone particle word for past tense:

Past	Particle before the verb: zektir - zektir yz /ˈzɛktɪɹ iz/ learned

Progressive aspect

The ‘progressive’ aspect refers to actions that are happening at the time of speaking, such as I am learning.
Rhyztarn uses a standalone particle word for progressive:

Progressive

Particle before the verb: omodstru - omodstru yz /ˈomodstɹʌ iz/ is learning

Habitual aspect

The ‘habitual’ aspect refers to actions that happen habitually, such as I learn (something new every day), as opposed to actions that happen once (I learned something).
Rhyztarn uses an affix for habitual:

Habitual

If ends with vowel: Suffix -d Else: Suffix -y yzy /ˈizi/ learns

Perfect aspect

The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.
Rhyztarn uses an affix for the perfect aspect:

Perfect

Prefix zra- zrayz /ˈzɹɑiz/ have learned

Numbers

Rhyztarn has a base-10 number system:
1 - mevartstro
2 - zru
3 - surd
4 - kigrerd
5 - ergenzraj
6 - eldome
7 - salkurd
8 - yvgeorh
9 - laeh
10 - nu
100 - iniksim
1000 - merdgryl

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = Suffix -oh
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Prefix rhi-
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -r
Else: Suffix -y
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -rh
Else: Suffix -y
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -s
Else: Suffix -a
Noun to verb = Suffix -ug
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -r
Else: Suffix -o
Tending to = Suffix -ik
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Suffix -iz
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Prefix se-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Prefix gre-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Suffix -ogr
Diminutive = If ends with vowel: Suffix -h
Else: Suffix -i
Augmentative = Suffix -uv

Dictionary

3141 Words.