Fjarovian

Natively known as: fjarovian /fiɑˌɹoviˈɑn/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
seasshýrht i tædrug aftifskji i usýthjgu seasshýrht æhrgaha i slag frorilf hæf birmhafn
Pronunciation: /sɛɑsˈʃýɹht i tæˈdɹʌg ɑfˌtifskiˈi i ʌˌsýθiˈgʌ sɛɑsˈʃýɹht æhɹgɑˈhɑ i slɑg fɹoˈɹilf hæf biɹmˈhɑfn/
Fjarovian word order: and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: b d f g h j k l m n r s t v w ð

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Dental	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m			n
Stop	b			t d		k g
Fricative		f v	ð	s			h
Approximant					j
Trill				r
Lateral approximant				l

Co-articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Labial-velar
Approximant	w

Vowel inventory: a e i o u y ý æ œ

	Front	Back
High	i y ý	u
High-mid	e	o
Low-mid	œ
Near-low	æ
Low	a

Syllable structure: Custom defined ?
Stress pattern: Ultimate — stress is on the last syllable ?
Sound changes (in order of application):

• j → i
• a → ɑ
• bb → b
• b → b
• ch → ʧ
• c → k
• d → d
• e → ɛ
• ff → f
• f → f
• gg → g
• g → g
• h → h
• kk → k
• k → k
• ll → l
• l → l
• m → m
• ng → ŋ
• nn → n
• n → n
• o → o
• p → p
• q → k
• r → ɹ
• sh → ʃ
• ss → s
• s → s
• th → θ
• t → t
• u → ʌ
• v → v
• w → w
• x → ks
• y → j
• z → z

Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
ɑ	a
b	b
ʧ	ch
d	d
ɛ	e
f	f
g	g
h	h
ɪ	i
ʤ	j
k	k
l	l
m	m
ŋ	ng
n	n
o	o
p	p
ɹ	r
ʃ	sh
s	s
θ	th
t	t
ʌ	u
v	v
w	w
x	ks
z	z

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Grammar

Main word order: Subject Verb Object (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary opened the door with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: prepositions ?

Nouns

	Singular	Plural
Masculine	No affix thjibohri /θiˌiboˈhɹi/ boy	If ends with vowel: Suffix -sk Else: Suffix -o thjibohrisk /θiˌiboˈhɹisk/ boys
Feminine	No affix jygæhgjo /ijˌgæhgiˈo/ girl	If ends with vowel: Suffix -h Else: Suffix -u jygæhgjoh /ijˌgæhgiˈoh/ girls
Neuter	No affix slýlddæ /slýldˈdæ/ dog	If ends with vowel: Suffix -gj Else: Suffix -œ slýlddægj /slýlddæˈgi/ dogs

Articles

Definite	ystsvynugr /jstsvjnʌgɹ/ the
Indefinite	hrandyth /hɹɑndjθ/ a, some

Uses of definite article that differ from English:

• Not used for mass (uncountable) nouns: ‘Walking in the mud’ would always translate to ‘Walking in mud’.
• Used for personal names in third person: ‘The Maria has left for school’
• Used for languages: ‘The English’

Pronouns

	Nominative	Accusative
1st singular	y /j/ I	o /o/ me
2nd singular	mæ /mæ/ you	u /ʌ/ you
3rd singular masc	i /i/ he,	ýt /ýt/ his,
3rd singular fem	balf /bɑlf/ she,	fo /fo/ her,
3rd singular neuter	ed /ɛd/ it (neut)	thju /θiˈʌ/ it (neut)
1st plural inclusive	e /ɛ/ we (including you)	gi /gi/ us (including you)
1st plural exclusive	frýlf /fɹýlf/ we (excluding you)	a /ɑ/ us (excluding you)
2nd plural	ý /ý/ you all	hrœ /hɹœ/ you all
3rd plural masc	æ /æ/ they (masc)	uhr /ʌhɹ/ them (masc)
3rd plural fem	rý /ɹý/ they (fem)	skik /skik/ them (fem)
3rd plural neuter	agr /ɑgɹ/ they (neut)	ha /hɑ/ them (neut)

Possessive determiners

	Possessive
1st singular	i /i/ my
2nd singular	mæ /mæ/ your
3rd singular masc	i /i/ his
3rd singular fem	balf /bɑlf/ her
3rd singular neuter	ed /ɛd/ his, her, its (neut)
1st plural inclusive	e /ɛ/ our (including you)
1st plural exclusive	frýlf /fɹýlf/ our (excluding you)
2nd plural	ý /ý/ your (pl)
3rd plural masc	æ /æ/ their (masc)
3rd plural fem	rý /ɹý/ their (fem)
3rd plural neuter	agr /ɑgɹ/ their (neut)

Verbs

Present	No affix drargolf /dɹɑɹˈgolf/ learn
Past	If ends with vowel: Suffix -l Else: Suffix -o drargolfo /dɹɑɹgolˈfo/ learned
Remote past	If ends with vowel: Suffix -bj Else: Suffix -y drargolfy /dɹɑɹˈgolfj/ learned (long ago)

Fjarovian uses a standalone particle word for future tense:

Future

Particle before the verb: hrebjirht - hrebjirht drargolf /hɹɛbiˈiɹht dɹɑɹˈgolf/ will learn

Perfect aspect

The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.
Fjarovian uses the word for ‘already’ lunnskjird for the perfect aspect.

Numbers

Fjarovian has a base-10 number system:
1 - birnæn
2 - gigým
3 - akjsky
4 - skæthjitohr
5 - itœjbæ
6 - rurht
7 - sœll
8 - mailhi
9 - hjan
10 - grissuthœ
100 - orre
1000 - œfrbehji

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = Prefix wy-
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Suffix -æsk
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Suffix -usv
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -sk
Else: Suffix -i
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Prefix hja-
Noun to verb = Prefix fji-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -sv
Else: Suffix -y
Tending to = Prefix be-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Suffix -ag
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -v
Else: Suffix -e
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Prefix dru-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -sl
Else: Suffix -æ
Diminutive = Suffix -ab
Augmentative = Prefix ja-

Dictionary

3127 Words.