Draconic

Natively known as: tixdig /ˈtɪksdɪg/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
ma sih stra tris vustheth cirdca ma ozsudocs hashrurgk stra tiol racnik raceth
Pronunciation: /mɑ sɪh stɹɑ tɹɪs ˈvʌsθɛθ ˈkɪɹdkɑ mɑ ozˈsʌdoks ˈhɑʃɹʌɹgk stɹɑ ˈtɪol ˈɹɑknɪk ˈɹɑkɛθ/
Tixdigian word order: and he his hat holding stood and the wind to his wet face turned

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: b c d g h j k l m n p r s t v x z

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m		n
Stop	p b		t d	c	k g
Fricative		v	s z		x	h
Approximant				j
Trill			r
Lateral approximant			l

Vowel inventory: a e i o u

	Front	Back
High	i	u
High-mid	e	o
Low	a

Syllable structure: Custom defined ?
Stress pattern: Penultimate — stress is on the second last syllable ?
Sound changes (in order of application):

• a → ɑ
• bb → b
• b → b
• ch → ʧ
• c → k
• d → d
• e → ɛ
• ff → f
• f → f
• gg → g
• g → g
• h → h
• i → ɪ
• j → ʤ
• kh → k
• kk → k
• k → k
• ll → l
• l → l
• m → m
• ng → ŋ
• nn → n
• n → n
• o → o
• p → p
• q → k
• r → ɹ
• sh → ʃ
• ss → s
• s → s
• th → θ
• t → t
• u → ʌ
• v → v
• w → w
• x → ks
• y → i
• z → z

Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
ɑ	a
b	b
ʧc	chk
ʧ	ch
d	d
ɛ	e
f	f
g	g
h	h
i	i
ɪ	i
ʤ	j
k	k
l	l
m	m
ŋ	ng
n	n
o	o
p	p
ɹ	r
ʃ	sh
s	s
θ	th
t	t
ʌ	u
v	v
w	w
z	z

---

Grammar

Main word order: Subject (Prepositional phrase) Object Verb. “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary with a key the door opened.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: postpositions ?

Nouns

Nouns have four cases:

• Nominative is the doer of a verb: dog bites man.
• Accusative is the done-to of a verb: man bites dog.
• Genitive is the possessor of something: dog’s tail hits man.
• Dative is the recipient of something: man gives ball to dog.

Nominative	No affix votrezrib /voˈtɹɛzɹɪb/ dog (doing the verb)
Accusative	Suffix -ah votrezribah /ˌvotɹɛˈzɹɪbɑh/ (verb done to) dog
Genitive	If ends with vowel: Suffix -c Else: Suffix -i votrezribi /ˌvotɹɛˈzɹɪbɪ/ dogʼs
Dative	Prefix ne- nevotrezrib /ˌnɛvoˈtɹɛzɹɪb/ to dog

Articles

	Definite	Indefinite
Singular	iv /ɪv/ the	birdak /ˈbɪɹdɑk/ a
Plural	coxkrasc /ˈkokskɹɑsk/ the	tesa /ˈtɛsɑ/ some

Uses of indefinite article that differ from English:

• Not used for non-specific mass (uncountable) nouns: non-specific means ‘Would you like some (any) tea?’ whereas specific means ‘Some tea (a specific amount) fell off the truck’

Pronouns

	Nominative	Accusative	Genitive	Dative
1st singular	i /ɪ/ I	zhuk /zhʌk/ me	o /o/ mine	e /ɛ/ to me
2nd singular	u /ʌ/ you	ah /ɑh/ you	bo /bo/ yours	grilged /ˈgɹɪlgɛd/ to you
3rd singular masc	sih /sɪh/ he, it (masc)	stra /stɹɑ/ his, it (masc)	id /ɪd/ his, its (masc)	kha /kɑ/ to his, to it (masc)
3rd singular fem	thathegg /ˈθɑθɛg/ she, it (fem)	stre /stɹɛ/ her, it (fem)	ci /kɪ/ hers, its (fem)	okh /ok/ to her, to it (fem)
1st plural	osh /oʃ/ we	eg /ɛg/ us	rinat /ˈɹɪnɑt/ ours	aphr /ɑphɹ/ to us
2nd plural	liph /lɪph/ you all	cursheg /ˈkʌɹʃɛg/ you all	bes /bɛs/ yours (pl)	chingh /ʧɪŋh/ to you all
3rd plural	thinz /θɪnz/ they	er /ɛɹ/ them	is /ɪs/ theirs	kra /kɹɑ/ to them

Possessive determiners

	Possessive
1st singular	o /o/ my
2nd singular	bo /bo/ your
3rd singular masc	stra /stɹɑ/ his
3rd singular fem	ki /kɪ/ her
1st plural	rinat /ˈɹɪnɑt/ our
2nd plural	bes /bɛs/ your (pl)
3rd plural	is /ɪs/ their

Verbs

Present	No affix egrrur /ˈɛgɹɹʌɹ/ learn
Past	Suffix -ic egrruric /ɛˈgɹɹʌɹɪk/ learned
Remote past	Prefix be- beegrrur /bɛˈɛgɹɹʌɹ/ learned (long ago)
Future	Prefix chu- chuegrrur /ʧʌˈɛgɹɹʌɹ/ will learn

Progressive aspect

The ‘progressive’ aspect refers to actions that are happening at the time of speaking, such as I am learning.
Tixdigian uses a standalone particle word for progressive:

Progressive

Particle before the verb: ocaks - ocaks egrrur /ˈokɑks ˈɛgɹɹʌɹ/ is learning

Habitual aspect

The ‘habitual’ aspect refers to actions that happen habitually, such as I learn (something new every day), as opposed to actions that happen once (I learned something).
Tixdigian uses a standalone particle word for habitual:

Habitual

Particle before the verb: mours - mours egrrur /ˈmoʌɹs ˈɛgɹɹʌɹ/ learns

Perfect aspect

The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.
Tixdigian uses an affix for the perfect aspect:

Perfect

Suffix -izh egrrurizh /ɛˈgɹɹʌɹɪzh/ have learned

Numbers

Tixdigian has a base-20 number system:
1 - citronudd
2 - vegn
3 - ettibth
4 - zegnash
5 - celchit
6 - ah
7 - strezhu
8 - thacniggod
9 - uh
10 - enkho
11 - mogar
12 - athchaldr
13 - ec
14 - mec
15 - tralkazkrurshak
16 - gacthisk
17 - rildin
18 - attarphks
19 - vorednixn
20 - srizegks
400 - rocu
8000 - krunub

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -zh
Else: Suffix -u
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ch
Else: Suffix -a
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Prefix tro-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -c
Else: Suffix -u
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -c
Else: Suffix -a
Noun to verb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ch
Else: Suffix -o
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Prefix phri-
Tending to = Prefix che-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Suffix -ic
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Prefix lu-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Prefix sri-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -v
Else: Suffix -a
Diminutive = Suffix -ig
Augmentative = Suffix -ach

Dictionary

3125 Words.