Uxpan (ˈukpan)

<Dwarven>

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
pawp tsi rìlki tùts gaw bed pawp hi gaw yeb æl mængmì kæl
Pronunciation: /pɔp ʦi ˈrɪlki tʊʦ gɔ bed pɔp hi gɔ jeb æl ˈmæŋmɪ kæl/
Uxpan word order: and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face the wind to

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: b d f g h j k l m n p r t ŋ ʦ

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m		n		ŋ
Stop	p b		t d		k g
Affricate			ʦ
Fricative		f				h
Approximant				j
Trill			r
Lateral approximant			l

Vowel inventory: a e i o õ u ũː æ ɔ ə ɛ ɪ ʊ

	Front	Central	Back
High	i		u ũː
Near-high	ɪ		ʊ
High-mid	e		o õ
Mid		ə
Low-mid	ɛ		ɔ
Near-low	æ
Low	a

Syllable structure: Custom defined ?
Stress pattern: Initial — stress is on the first syllable ?
Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
ɛ	è
ə	à
ɔ	aw
ʊ	ù
ɪ	ì
j	y
ŋ	ng
ʦ	ts

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Grammar

Main word order: Subject Verb Object (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary opened the door with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: postpositions ?

Nouns

Nouns form plural with separate plural word:

Plural

Particle before the noun: tak - tak kek /tak kek/ dogs

Articles

Definite	fom /fom/ the
Indefinite	tèd /tɛd/ a, some

Uses of definite article that differ from English:

• Used to talk about countable nouns in general: English’s ‘I like cats’ would translate to ‘I like the cats’
• Used for personal names in third person: ‘The Maria has left for school’
• Used for languages: ‘The English’
• Used with place names: ‘The London’

Uses of indefinite article that differ from English:

• Not used for non-specific countable nouns: non-specific means ‘I am looking for a (any) girl in a red dress’, whereas specific means ‘I am looking for a (particular) girl in a red dress’

Pronouns

1st singular	i /i/ I, me, mine
2nd singular	ta /ta/ you, yours
3rd singular masc	tsi /ʦi/ he, him, his, it (masc), its (masc)
3rd singular fem	dìb /dɪb/ she, her, hers, it (fem), its (fem)
1st plural inclusive	awm /ɔm/ we (including you), us (including you), ours (including you)
1st plural exclusive	muts /muʦ/ we (excluding you), us (excluding you), ours (excluding you)
2nd plural	hi /hi/ you all, yours (pl)
3rd plural	ge /ge/ they, them, theirs

Possessive determiners

	Possessive
1st singular	bì /bɪ/ my
2nd singular	ip /ip/ your
3rd singular masc	gaw /gɔ/ his
3rd singular fem	pod /pod/ her
1st plural inclusive	yal /jal/ our (including you)
1st plural exclusive	or /or/ our (excluding you)
2nd plural	hõl /hõl/ your (pl)
3rd plural	tùl /tʊl/ their

Verbs

Present	Suffix -ũːd hikũːd /ˈhikũːd/ learn
Past	No affix hik /hik/ learned

Uxpan uses a standalone particle word for future tense:

Future

Particle before the verb: dək - dàk hik /dək hik/ will learn

Progressive aspect

The ‘progressive’ aspect refers to actions that are happening at the time of speaking, such as I am learning.
Uxpan uses a standalone particle word for progressive:

Progressive

Particle before the verb: ar - ar hik /ar hik/ is learning

Habitual aspect

The ‘habitual’ aspect refers to actions that happen habitually, such as I learn (something new every day), as opposed to actions that happen once (I learned something).
Uxpan uses an affix for habitual:

Habitual

Suffix -ɪb hikìb /ˈhikɪb/ learns

Perfect aspect

The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.
Uxpan uses an affix for the perfect aspect:

Perfect

Reduplicate first part of first syllable hihik /ˈhihik/ have learned

Numbers

Uxpan has a base-10 number system:
1 - mõl
2 - kõk
3 - kæ
4 - mæts
5 - yi
6 - rèr
7 - ìn
8 - hèr
9 - gomyats
10 - ro
100 - kum
1000 - fæk

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -l
Else: Suffix -el
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Suffix -id
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -kri
Else: Suffix -ekri
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -n
Else: Suffix -ɪn
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Suffix -i
Noun to verb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -n
Else: Suffix -an
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -n
Else: Suffix -ũːn
Tending to = Suffix -i
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Suffix -əb
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Suffix -ɛ
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -p
Else: Suffix -æp
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -nmæ
Else: Suffix -ũːnmæ
Diminutive = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ktɛ
Else: Suffix -aktɛ
Augmentative = Suffix -ũː

Dictionary

3022 Words.

Root Languages

• Aceti

Successor Languages

• Umfuri