Büthbrazian

Natively known as: büthbraz /ˈbɐːθbɹɑz/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
wewü siwek jarøgr aj üdholldü jämyrtö wewü aj cretany dullöde döndaek hohyn thötølem
Pronunciation: /ˈwɛwɐː ˈsɪwɛk ˈʤɑɹøgɹ ɑʤ ɐːdˈholdɐː ʤæˈmɪɹtɔ ˈwɛwɐː ɑʤ kɹɛˈtɑnɪ dʊˈlɔdɛ dɔnˈdɑɛk ˈhohin θɔˈtølɛm/
Büthbrazian word order: and he stood his hat holding and his wet face turned the wind to

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: b c d f g h j k l m n p q r s t v w x z

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal	m		n
Stop	p b		t d	c	k g	q
Fricative		f v	s z		x		h
Approximant				j
Trill			r
Lateral approximant			l

Co-articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Labial-velar
Approximant	w

Vowel inventory: a ä å e é ë i ï o ö u ū ü y ÿ ø

	Front	Central	Back
High	i y		u ū
High-mid	e é ø		o
Low	a	ä

Syllable structure: Custom defined ?
Stress pattern: Penultimate — stress is on the second last syllable ?
Sound changes (in order of application):

• e → ɛ
• å → aː
• a → ɑ
• ö → ɔ
• ü → ɐː
• o → o
• i → ɪ
• y → i
• ä → æ
• u → ʊ
• ë → ɘ
• é → ə
• ï → ʏ
• ū → ʌ
• ÿ → ɪ̈
• ø → ø
• bb → b
• b → b
• ch → ʧ
• c → k
• d → d
• ff → f
• f → f
• gg → g
• g → g
• h → h
• j → ʤ
• kk → k
• k → k
• ll → l
• l → l
• m → m
• ng → ŋ
• nn → n
• n → n
• p → p
• q → k
• rr → ʀ
• r → ɹ
• sh → ʃ
• ss → s
• s → s
• th → θ
• t → t
• v → v
• w → w
• x → ks
• z → z

Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
ɛ	e
aː	å
ɑ	a
ɔ	ö
ɐː	ü
o	o
ɪ̈	ÿ
i	y
ɪ	i
æ	ä
ʊ	u
ɘ	ë
ə	é
ʏ	ï
ʌ	ū
ø	ø
b	b
ʧ	ch
d	d
f	f
g	g
h	h
ʤ	j
k	k
l	l
m	m
ŋ	ng
n	n
p	p
ɹ	r
ʃ	sh
s	s
θ	th
t	t
v	v
w	w
x	ks
z	z

---

Grammar

Main word order: Subject Object Verb (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary the door opened with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: postpositions ?

Nouns

Nouns have six cases:

• Nominative is the doer of a verb: dog bites man.
• Accusative is the done-to of a verb: man bites dog.
• Genitive is the possessor of something: dog’s tail hits man.
• Dative is the recipient of something: man gives ball to dog.
• Locative is the location of something: man is in town.
• Ablative is movement away from something: man walks from town.

Nouns have both a plural affix and dual affix for precisely two things.

Nominative	No affix molüdbü /moˈlɐːdbɐː/ dog (doing the verb)
Accusative	Suffix -äcr molüdbüäcr /ˌmolɐːdˈbɐːækɹ/ (verb done to) dog
Genitive	Suffix -äbl molüdbüäbl /ˌmolɐːdˈbɐːæbl/ dogʼs
Dative	If ends with vowel: Suffix -d Else: Suffix -a molüdbüd /moˈlɐːdbɐːd/ to dog
Locative	Prefix dy- dymolüdbü /ˌdimoˈlɐːdbɐː/ near/at/by dog
Ablative	Suffix -ek molüdbüek /ˌmolɐːdˈbɐːɛk/ from dog

Singular	No affix molüdbü /moˈlɐːdbɐː/ dog
Plural	Suffix -eh molüdbüeh /ˌmolɐːdˈbɐːɛh/ dogs
Dual	Suffix -ok molüdbüok /ˌmolɐːdˈbɐːok/ two dogs

Articles

	Definite	Indefinite
Singular	helf /hɛlf/ the	cryd /kɹɪd/ a
Plural	e /ɛ/ the	yj /iʤ/ some

Uses of definite article that differ from English:

• Definite article can be omitted: ‘I am going to supermarket’

Uses of indefinite article that differ from English:

• Not used for non-specific mass (uncountable) nouns: non-specific means ‘Would you like some (any) tea?’ whereas specific means ‘Some tea (a specific amount) fell off the truck’

Pronouns

	Nominative	Accusative	Genitive	Dative	Locative	Ablative
1st singular	üfr /ɐːfɹ/ I	ödyt /ˈɔdɪt/ me	ybde /ˈɪbdɛ/ mine	sündy /ˈsɐːndɪ/ to me	jöned /ˈʤɔnɛd/ to me	elmer /ˈɛlmɛɹ/ from me
2nd singular	ädsÿ /ˈædsɪ̈/ you	åq /aːk/ you	dekan /ˈdɛkɑn/ yours	al /ɑl/ to you	od /od/ to you	lälf /lælf/ from you
3rd singular masc	sywek /ˈsɪwɛk/ he, it (masc)	ke /kɛ/ his, it (masc)	fryste /ˈfɹɪstɛ/ his, its (masc)	jözlūr /ˈʤɔzlʌɹ/ to his, to it (masc)	hedäp /ˈhɛdæp/ to his, to it (masc)	ly /li/ from his, from it (masc)
3rd singular fem	crercrew /ˈkɹɛɹkɹɛw/ she, it (fem)	be /bɛ/ her, it (fem)	thetdä /ˈθɛtdæ/ hers, its (fem)	ad /ɑd/ to her, to it (fem)	emlü /ˈɛmlɐː/ to her, to it (fem)	wëom /ˈwɘom/ from her, from it (fem)
1st plural	dafjüth /ˈdɑfʤɐːθ/ we	söll /sɔl/ us	pë /pɘ/ ours	docrü /ˈdokɹɐː/ to us	chakhos /ˈʧɑkhos/ to us	tyl /til/ from us
2nd plural	lar /lɑɹ/ you all	moghtjöss /ˈmoghtʤɔs/ you all	më /mɘ/ yours (pl)	stallchyrk /ˈstɑlʧɪɹk/ to you all	dendmé /ˈdɛndmə/ to you all	décköj /ˈdəkɔʤ/ from you all
3rd plural	bredan /ˈbɹɛdɑn/ they	mäsdak /ˈmæsdɑk/ them	frorchü /ˈfɹoɹʧɐː/ theirs	zné /znə/ to them	cä /kæ/ to them	osüd /ˈosɐːd/ from them

Possessive determiners

	Possessive
1st singular	dat /dɑt/ my
2nd singular	öd /ɔd/ your
3rd singular masc	aj /ɑʤ/ his
3rd singular fem	ök /ɔk/ her
1st plural	üth /ɐːθ/ our
2nd plural	hëlt /hɘlt/ your (pl)
3rd plural	ty /tɪ/ their

Verbs

Present	No affix ëmkück /ˈɘmkɐːk/ learn
Past	If ends with vowel: Suffix -br Else: Suffix -o ëmkücko /ɘmˈkɐːko/ learned
Remote past	Prefix mo- moëmkück /moˈɘmkɐːk/ learned (long ago)
Future	If ends with vowel: Suffix -ch Else: Suffix -e ëmkücke /ɘmˈkɐːkɛ/ will learn

Progressive aspect

The ‘progressive’ aspect refers to actions that are happening at the time of speaking, such as I am learning.
Büthbrazian uses an affix for progressive:

Progressive

Suffix -ac ëmkückac /ɘmˈkɐːkɑk/ is learning

Habitual aspect

The ‘habitual’ aspect refers to actions that happen habitually, such as I learn (something new every day), as opposed to actions that happen once (I learned something).
Büthbrazian uses an affix for habitual:

Habitual

If ends with vowel: Suffix -s Else: Suffix -e ëmkücke /ɘmˈkɐːkɛ/ learns

Numbers

Büthbrazian has a base-10 number system:
1 - bryksshak
2 - ocrra
3 - lyrazszna
4 - byseka
5 - cÿwab
6 - böstalto
7 - znows
8 - errr
9 - ed
10 - frozdesdü
100 - rrröl
1000 - keåthme

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -s
Else: Suffix -e
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Suffix -üd
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Prefix de-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Prefix sä-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -j
Else: Suffix -i
Noun to verb = Prefix crå-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -cr
Else: Suffix -e
Tending to = If ends with vowel: Suffix -d
Else: Suffix -e
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Prefix pü-
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Suffix -ös
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -b
Else: Suffix -e
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Suffix -öm
Diminutive = Suffix -ich
Augmentative = Suffix -ew

Dictionary

3160 Words.