Batavian

Natively known as: proeguint /pɹoe̯ˈgʌi̯nt/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
braebsans ceirs eu spuman fraesquaus pavi braebsans eu speissim crattaglu iufrioctaex ba vian
Pronunciation: /bɹɑe̯bˈsaːns kɛi̯ɹs ɛu̯ spuːˈmaːn fɹɑe̯sˈkʷɑu̯s pɑˈvɪ bɹɑe̯bˈsaːns ɛu̯ spɛi̯sˈsɪm kɹɑtˈtɑgluː ɪu̯ˈfɹɪo̯ktɑe̯ks bɑ vɪˈɑn/
Proeguinti word order: and he his hat holding stood and his wet face the wind to turned

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: b d f g h k kʷ l m n p r s t v w

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m		n
Stop	p b		t d	k kʷ g
Fricative		f v	s		h
Trill			r
Lateral approximant			l

Co-articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Labial-velar
Approximant	w

Vowel inventory: a ae̯ au̯ aː e ei̯ eu̯ eː i io̯ iu̯ iː o oe̯ oː u ui̯ uː
Diphthongs: ae̯ au̯ ei̯ eu̯ io̯ iu̯ oe̯ ui̯ ?

	Front	Back
High	i iː	u uː
High-mid	e eː	o oː
Low	a aː

Syllable structure: Custom defined ?
Stress pattern: Second — stress is on the second syllable ?
Sound changes (in order of application):

• a → ɑ
• b → b
• ch → ʧ
• c → k
• d → d
• e → ɛ
• f → f
• g → g
• h → h
• i → ɪ
• j → ʤ
• kk → k
• k → k
• ll → l
• l → l
• m → m
• ng → ŋ
• nn → n
• n → n
• o → o
• p → p
• q → k
• r → ɹ
• sh → ʃ
• s → s
• th → θ
• t → t
• u → ʌ
• v → v
• w → w
• x → ks
• y → i
• z → z

Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
kʷ	qu
ks	x
k	c
w	v
ː
̯
ɑ	a
b	b
ʧ	ch
d	d
ɛ	e
f	f
g	g
h	h
ɪ	i
ʤ	j
k	k
l	l
m	m
ŋ	ng
n	n
o	o
p	p
ɹ	r
ʃ	sh
s	s
θ	th
t	t
ʌ	u
v	v
w	w
z	z

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Grammar

Main word order: Subject Object (Prepositional phrase) Verb. “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary the door with a key opened.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: postpositions ?

Nouns

Nouns have four cases:

• Nominative is the doer of a verb: dog bites man.
• Accusative is the done-to of a verb: man bites dog.
• Genitive is the possessor of something: dog’s tail hits man.
• Dative is the recipient of something: man gives ball to dog.

Singular

	Nominative	Accusative	Genitive	Dative
Masculine	Suffix -uːp auspruineup /ɑu̯sˈpɹʌi̯neːˌuːp/ boy (doing the verb)	Suffix -eːg auspruineeg /ɑu̯sˈpɹʌi̯neːˌeːg/ (verb done to) the/a boy	Suffix -eːpl auspruineepl /ɑu̯sˈpɹʌi̯neːˌeːpl/ boyʼs	Prefix hae̯- haeauspruine /hɑe̯ˈɑu̯spɹʌi̯ˌneː/ to the/a boy
Feminine	Prefix no- notretteuns /noˈtɹeːttɛu̯ns/ girl (doing the verb)	Suffix -ui̯h tretteunsuih /tɹeːtˈtɛu̯nsʌi̯h/ (verb done to) the/a girl	Suffix -iu̯m tretteunsium /tɹeːtˈtɛu̯nsɪu̯m/ girlʼs	If ends with vowel: Suffix -t Else: Suffix -eː tretteunse /tɹeːtˈtɛu̯nseː/ to the/a girl

Plural

	Nominative	Accusative	Genitive	Dative
Masculine	No affix auspruine /ɑu̯sˈpɹʌi̯neː/ boys (doing the verb)	Suffix -ei̯k auspruineeic /ɑu̯sˈpɹʌi̯neːˌɛi̯k/ (verb done to) boys	Suffix -atr auspruineatr /ɑu̯sˈpɹʌi̯neːˌɑtɹ/ boysʼ	Suffix -up auspruineup /ɑu̯sˈpɹʌi̯neːˌʌp/ to boys
Feminine	No affix tretteuns /tɹeːtˈtɛu̯ns/ girls (doing the verb)	Suffix -at tretteunsat /tɹeːtˈtɛu̯nsɑt/ (verb done to) girls	Suffix -afr tretteunsafr /tɹeːtˈtɛu̯nsɑfɹ/ girlsʼ	Suffix -isp tretteunsisp /tɹeːtˈtɛu̯nsɪsp/ to girls

Articles

	Definite	Indefinite
Singular	vahui /waːˈhʌi̯/ the	ta /tɑ/ a
Plural	mensins /mɛnˈsiːns/ the	pa /paː/ some

Uses of definite article that differ from English:

• Definite article can be omitted: ‘I am going to supermarket’
• Used with place names: ‘The London’

Uses of indefinite article that differ from English:

• Not used for non-specific mass (uncountable) nouns: non-specific means ‘Would you like some (any) tea?’ whereas specific means ‘Some tea (a specific amount) fell off the truck’

Pronouns

	Nominative	Accusative	Genitive	Dative
1st singular	o /oː/ I	a /ɑ/ me	a /aː/ mine	ta /tɑ/ to me
2nd singular	ba /bɑ/ you	o /o/ you	an /ɑn/ yours	iu /ɪu̯/ to you
3rd singular masc	ceirs /kɛi̯ɹs/ he, it (masc)	eu /ɛu̯/ his, it (masc)	ei /ɛi̯/ his, its (masc)	oe /oe̯/ to his, to it (masc)
3rd singular fem	e /ɛ/ she, it (fem)	u /ʌ/ her, it (fem)	i /ɪ/ hers, its (fem)	vi /vɪ/ to her, to it (fem)
1st plural	e /eː/ we	sci /skiː/ us	aem /ɑe̯m/ ours	au /ɑu̯/ to us
2nd plural	pac /paːk/ you all	ui /ʌi̯/ you all	spuir /spʌi̯ɹ/ yours (pl)	lins /liːns/ to you all
3rd plural masc	ior /ɪo̯ɹ/ they (masc)	preir /pɹɛi̯ɹ/ them (masc)	uibr /ʌi̯bɹ/ theirs (masc)	treut /tɹɛu̯t/ to them (masc)
3rd plural fem	sab /sɑb/ they (fem)	iqu /iːkʷ/ them (fem)	i /iː/ theirs (fem)	um /ʌm/ to them (fem)

Possessive determiners

	Possessive
1st singular	a /aː/ my
2nd singular	an /ɑn/ your
3rd singular masc	eu /ɛu̯/ his
3rd singular fem	i /ɪ/ her
1st plural	aem /ɑe̯m/ our
2nd plural	spuir /spʌi̯ɹ/ your (pl)
3rd plural masc	uibr /ʌi̯bɹ/ their (masc)
3rd plural fem	i /iː/ their (fem)

Verbs

	Present	Past	Future
1st person	Suffix -ei̯tr vipruicbaeitr /vɪˈpɹʌi̯kbɑˌɛi̯tɹ/ (I/we) learn	If ends with vowel: Suffix -p Else: Suffix -au̯ vipruicbap /vɪˈpɹʌi̯kbɑp/ (I/we) learned	Suffix -aːp vipruicbaap /vɪˈpɹʌi̯kbɑˌaːp/ (I/we) will learn
2nd person	Suffix -au̯k vipruicbaauc /vɪˈpɹʌi̯kbɑˌɑu̯k/ (you/you all) learn	If ends with vowel: Suffix -p Else: Suffix -e vipruicbap /vɪˈpɹʌi̯kbɑp/ (you/you all) learned	Suffix -uːp vipruicbaup /vɪˈpɹʌi̯kbɑˌuːp/ (you/you all) will learn
3rd person	Suffix -ei̯s vipruicbaeis /vɪˈpɹʌi̯kbɑˌɛi̯s/ (he/she/it/they) learn(s)	Prefix weː- vevipruicba /weːˈvɪpɹʌi̯kˌbɑ/ (he/she/it/they) learned	Suffix -iu̯s vipruicbaius /vɪˈpɹʌi̯kbɑˌɪu̯s/ (he/she/it/they) will learn

Imperfective aspect

The ‘imperfective’ aspect refers to ongoing actions, such as I am learning and habitual actions, such as I learn (something new every day).
Proeguinti uses an affix for imperfective:

Imperfective

Suffix -iu̯p vipruicbaiup /vɪˈpɹʌi̯kbɑˌɪu̯p/ learns/is learning

Perfect aspect

The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.
Proeguinti uses the word for ‘finish’ floensarso for the perfect aspect.

Numbers

Proeguinti has a base-10 number system:
1 - scergoens
2 - trotbaih
3 - plemprapsmoe
4 - itran
5 - anvi
6 - praspeut
7 - piurret
8 - mitvi
9 - ocr
10 - babomvi
100 - musdiot
1000 - haersstel

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -f
Else: Suffix -o
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Prefix tau̯-
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -p
Else: Suffix -o
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Suffix -ol
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Suffix -ei̯sp
Noun to verb = Suffix -eh
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -g
Else: Suffix -iu̯
Tending to = Suffix -io̯k
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -kl
Else: Suffix -e
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Prefix triː-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Prefix kiː-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Prefix hu-
Diminutive = Suffix -io̯sp
Augmentative = Suffix -eu̯g

Dictionary

3148 Words.