Avali

Known among the Naulixi Avali as "Rakelo", it is the language spoken by the avali.

Natively known as: rakelo /ɹɑˈkɛlo/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
ukyu kaka eiyezukyu vano rhashazyu yeshaka ukyu vano yaduyun ravami hahoka kanokyu yenasyu
Pronunciation: /ʌˈkiʌ ˈkɑkɑ ˌɛɪˌʤɛzʌˈkiʌ ˈvɑno ˌɹhɑʃɑˈziʌ ʤɛˈʃɑkɑ ʌˈkiʌ ˈvɑno ʤɑˈdʌʤʌn ɹɑˈvɑmɪ hɑˈhokɑ ˌkɑnoˈkiʌ ˌʤɛnɑˈsiʌ/
Rakeloian word order: and he stood his hat holding and his wet face turned the wind to

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: d h j k l m n r s t v z

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m		n
Stop			t d		k
Fricative		v	s z			h
Approximant				j
Trill			r
Lateral approximant			l

Vowel inventory: a e i o u y

	Front	Back
High	i y	u
High-mid	e	o
Low	a

Syllable structure: Custom defined ?
Stress pattern: Penultimate — stress is on the second last syllable ?
Sound changes (in order of application):

• a → ɑ
• b → b
• ch → ʧ
• c → k
• d → d
• e → ɛ
• f → f
• g → g
• h → h
• i → ɪ
• j → ʤ
• kk → k
• k → k
• ll → l
• l → l
• m → m
• ng → ŋ
• nn → n
• n → n
• o → o
• p → p
• q → k
• r → ɹ
• sh → ʃ
• s → s
• th → θ
• t → t
• u → ʌ
• v → v
• w → w
• x → ks
• y → i
• z → z

Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
j	y
ɾ	r
ɑ	a
b	b
ʧ	ch
d	d
ɛ	e
f	f
g	g
h	h
i	i
ɪ	i
ʤ	j
k	k
l	l
m	m
ŋ	ng
n	n
o	o
p	p
ɹ	r
ʃ	sh
s	s
θ	th
t	t
ʌ	u
v	v
w	w
x	ks
z	z

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Grammar

Main word order: Subject Object Verb (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary the door opened with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: postpositions ?

Nouns

Nouns have four cases:

• Ergative is the doer of a verb, when the verb is done to something: dog bites man.
• Absolutive is used in two scenarios: the doer of a verb when not done to something (dog bites), and the done-to of a verb (man bites dog).
• Genitive is the possessor of something: dog’s tail hits man.
• Dative is the recipient of something: man gives ball to dog.

Ergative	If ends with E: Suffix -na Else: Suffix -ko yeduzyuko /ʤɛˌdʌziˈʌko/ dog (doing the verb to something)
Absolutive	No affix yeduzyu /ˌʤɛdʌˈziʌ/ dog (doing the verb, but not to something)
Genitive	Prefix kikyu- kikyuyeduzyu /kɪˌkiʌˌʤɛdʌˈziʌ/ dogʼs
Dative	Suffix -nije yeduzyuniye /ˌʤɛdʌˌziʌˈnɪʤɛ/ to (the/a) dog

	Masculine	Feminine
Singular	No affix shaduko /ʃɑˈdʌko/ man	No affix navami /nɑˈvɑmɪ/ woman
Plural	Suffix -junra shadukoyunra /ʃɑˌdʌkoˈʤʌnɹɑ/ men	If ends with E: Suffix -sha Else: Suffix -mi navamimi /ˌnɑvɑˈmɪmɪ/ women

Articles

Rakeloian has no definite article ‘the’, or indefinite article ‘a’.

Pronouns

	Ergative	Absolutive	Genitive	Dative
1st singular	kizyu /kɪˈziʌ/ I	yaka /ˈʤɑkɑ/ me	rali /ˈɹɑlɪ/ mine	eisyu /ˌɛɪˈsiʌ/ to me
2nd singular	yani /ˈʤɑnɪ/ you	rani /ˈɹɑnɪ/ you	tami /ˈtɑmɪ/ yours	kikyu /kɪˈkiʌ/ to you
3rd singular masc	kaka /ˈkɑkɑ/ he, it (masc)	yeka /ˈʤɛkɑ/ his, it (masc)	hani /ˈhɑnɪ/ his, its (masc)	eizyu /ˌɛɪˈziʌ/ to his, to it (masc)
3rd singular fem	nami /ˈnɑmɪ/ she, it (fem)	talon /ˈtɑlon/ her, it (fem)	neyun /ˈnɛʤʌn/ hers, its (fem)	yeku /ˈʤɛkʌ/ to her, to it (fem)
1st plural inclusive	kezyo /kɛˈzio/ we (including you)	nun /nʌn/ us (including you)	ein /ˈɛɪn/ ours (including you)	yazyo /ʤɑˈzio/ to us (including you)
1st plural exclusive	tano /ˈtɑno/ we (excluding you)	razyo /ɹɑˈzio/ us (excluding you)	shako /ˈʃɑko/ ours (excluding you)	nalo /ˈnɑlo/ to us (excluding you)
2nd plural	ami /ˈɑmɪ/ you all	nuno /ˈnʌno/ you all	yaku /ˈʤɑkʌ/ yours (pl)	kan /kɑn/ to you all
3rd plural masc	hasyu /hɑˈsiʌ/ they (masc)	yesyu /ʤɛˈsiʌ/ them (masc)	neku /ˈnɛkʌ/ theirs (masc)	rhano /ˈɹhɑno/ to them (masc)
3rd plural fem	eini /ɛˈɪnɪ/ they (fem)	alo /ˈɑlo/ them (fem)	yekyu /ʤɛˈkiʌ/ theirs (fem)	eino /ɛˈɪno/ to them (fem)

Possessive determiners

	Possessive
1st singular	vakyu /vɑˈkiʌ/ my
2nd singular	zumi /ˈzʌmɪ/ your
3rd singular masc	vano /ˈvɑno/ his
3rd singular fem	uni /ˈʌnɪ/ her
1st plural inclusive	honi /ˈhonɪ/ our (including you)
1st plural exclusive	zuyun /ˈzʌʤʌn/ our (excluding you)
2nd plural	lani /ˈlɑnɪ/ your (pl)
3rd plural masc	lami /ˈlɑmɪ/ their (masc)
3rd plural fem	laku /ˈlɑkʌ/ their (fem)

Verbs

Present	No affix yeluko /ʤɛˈlʌko/ learn
Past	Prefix raka- rakayeluko /ɹɑˌkɑʤɛˈlʌko/ learned
Remote past	Suffix -kuna yelukokuna /ʤɛˌlʌkoˈkʌnɑ/ learned (long ago)

Rakeloian uses a standalone particle word for future tense:

Future

Particle before the verb: ken - ken yeluko /kɛn ʤɛˈlʌko/ will learn

Progressive aspect

The ‘progressive’ aspect refers to actions that are happening at the time of speaking, such as I am learning.
Rakeloian uses an affix for progressive:

Progressive

Prefix rako- rakoyeluko /ɹɑˌkoʤɛˈlʌko/ is learning

Habitual aspect

The ‘habitual’ aspect refers to actions that happen habitually, such as I learn (something new every day), as opposed to actions that happen once (I learned something).
Rakeloian uses a standalone particle word for habitual:

Habitual

Particle before the verb: zujun - zuyun yeluko /ˈzʌʤʌn ʤɛˈlʌko/ learns

Perfect aspect

The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.
Rakeloian uses an affix for the perfect aspect:

Perfect

Prefix rali- raliyeluko /ɹɑˌlɪʤɛˈlʌko/ have learned

Numbers

Rakeloian has a base-10 number system:
1 - kanukyu
2 - nurhami
3 - eizali
4 - uku
5 - karazyo
6 - hako
7 - neyeluzyo
8 - yekizuli
9 - nenelon
10 - eiravako
100 - hahano
1000 - nerhakyu

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = If ends with E: Suffix -ne
Else: Suffix -jun
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Suffix -kaja
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Prefix kakyu-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If ends with E: Suffix -ki
Else: Suffix -zyo
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Prefix ako-
Noun to verb = If ends with E: Suffix -na
Else: Suffix -ku
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Prefix shami-
Tending to = Prefix rako-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Prefix kilon-
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Suffix -lonrha
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Suffix -junha
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Suffix -noje
Diminutive = Prefix kalo-
Augmentative = If ends with E: Suffix -ke
Else: Suffix -ko

Dictionary

3151 Words.