Harsaka

A Isolated Language

Harasaka is consider a very rare language to hear die to it only being used by the Harsakaturi on the island of Hekumate in the Davad Archipelago. The natives rarely leave the island have been known to be hostile to outsiders. Though some will trade with outsiders, making some of the traders pick up the language to better communicate with them.

War Cries

The Hekumate are known for another reason and it is due to a war dance they call the Mahataka, often used for frighten their enemies in battle. Combine with their language, their chanting can frighten any outsiders when they hear it spoken in their navtive tongue as if death will so come to them.

Natively known as: Harsaka /ˈHarsaka/

.. Those who try to change their fate will only cause it to happen even fasters...
tsâ â kigi khufodi sȟi chab’u tsâ lâ sȟi deki tsopi tishe fi
Pronunciation: /ʦə ə ˈkigi ˈxufodi ɬi ˈʧaɓu ʦə lə ɬi ˈdeki ˈʦopi ˈtiʃe fi/
Sȟinibuian word order: Those who try to change their fate will only cause it to happen even faster,

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: b d f g h k l m n p t w x ɓ ɗ ɬ ɾ ʃ ʔ ʦ ʧ

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m		n
Stop	p b		t d		k g	ʔ
Implosive	ɓ		ɗ
Affricate			ʦ	ʧ
Fricative		f		ʃ	x	h
Tap			ɾ
Lateral fricative			ɬ
Lateral approximant			l

Co-articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Labial-velar
Approximant	w

Vowel inventory: a e i o u ə

	Front	Central	Back
High	i		u
High-mid	e		o
Mid		ə
Low	a

Syllable structure: Custom defined
Stress pattern: Initial — stress is on the first syllable
Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
ʔ	ʻ
ə	â
x	kh
ɓ	b’
ɗ	d’
ʃ	sh
ɾ	r
ʦ	ts
ʧ	ch
ɬ	sȟ

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Grammar

Main word order: Subject Verb Object (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary opened the door with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: postpositions

Nouns

Singular	No affix ime /ˈime/ dog
Plural	Suffix -fi imefi /ˈimefi/ dogs

Articles

Sȟinibuian has no definite article ‘the’, or indefinite article ‘a’.

Pronouns

	Nominative	Accusative
1st singular	o /o/ I	tu /tu/ me
2nd singular	shâ /ʃə/ you	kha /xa/ you
3rd singular masc	â /ə/ he, it	kâ /kə/ him, it
3rd singular fem	ne /ne/ she, it	ki /ki/ her, it
1st plural	d’u /ɗu/ we	d’e /ɗe/ us
2nd plural	tsi /ʦi/ you all	mâ /mə/ you all
3rd plural	wa /wa/ they	u /u/ them

Possessive determiners

1st singular	gi /gi/ my
2nd singular	shi /ʃi/ your
3rd singular masc	sȟi /ɬi/ his
3rd singular fem	sȟa /ɬa/ her
1st plural	ki /ki/ our
2nd plural	lo /lo/ your (pl)
3rd plural	ma /ma/ their

Verbs

	Future
1st singular	Suffix -mo kebemo /ˈkebemo/ (I) will learn
2nd singular	Suffix -ʦa kebetsa /ˈkebeʦa/ (you) will learn
3rd singular	Suffix -ɓe kebeb’e /ˈkebeɓe/ (he/she/it) will learn
1st plural	Suffix -lo kebelo /ˈkebelo/ (we) will learn
2nd plural	Suffix -go kebego /ˈkebego/ (you all) will learn
3rd plural	Suffix -fi kebefi /ˈkebefi/ (they) will learn

Sȟinibuian uses a standalone particle word for past tense:

Past	Particle before the verb: ʧo - cho kebe /ʧo ˈkebe/ learned

Progressive aspect

The ‘progressive’ aspect refers to actions that are happening at the time of speaking, such as I am learning.
Sȟinibuian uses a standalone particle word for progressive:

Progressive

Particle before the verb: gu - gu kebe /gu ˈkebe/ is learning

Habitual aspect

The ‘habitual’ aspect refers to actions that happen habitually, such as I learn (something new every day), as opposed to actions that happen once (I learned something).
Sȟinibuian uses a standalone particle word for habitual:

Habitual

Particle before the verb: hi - hi kebe /hi ˈkebe/ learns

Perfect aspect

The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.
Sȟinibuian uses an affix for the perfect aspect:

Perfect

Reduplicate whole word kebekebe /ˈkebeˌkebe/ have learned

Numbers

Harsaka has a base-10 number system:
1 - lib’o
2 - d’i
3 - to
4 - re
5 - na
6 - no
7 - fuho
8 - ge
9 - kâlâ
10 - nâgine
Hundred - khed’o
Thousand - nu

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = Suffix -be
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Suffix -wa
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Suffix -ʦə
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Suffix -fu
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Suffix -ɬe
Noun to verb = Suffix -ge
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Suffix -ɬu
Tending to = Suffix -ʃi
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Suffix -ge
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Suffix -gi
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Suffix -ʧo
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Suffix -go
Diminutive = Suffix -ge
Augmentative = Suffix -ʃi