Writing System
The writing system of Rongyonikolic is a hybrid script, incorporating both alphabetic and logographic elements. Most words are written using an alphabet that represents individual sounds, while certain key words and concepts are conveyed through unique logographic symbols.
Script Characteristics
- Shape & Appearance: The script is angular in nature, with sharp edges and geometric forms.
- Character Separation: Unlike cursive or connected scripts, the letters and symbols are distinct and separate from one another.
- Diacritics: Diacritical marks appear only on vowels (to indicate length) and consonants (to indicate palatalization).
- Case Distinctions: All nouns are written with an uppercase initial letter, whether common or proper.
- Writing Direction: The script follows a left-to-right orientation.
- No Ligatures: Characters do not merge or connect; each remains an independent unit.
Alphabetic Component
- The alphabet consists of characters representing consonants and vowels.
- Palatalized consonants are marked with a diacritic to indicate their softness.
- Long vowels are marked with an additional diacritic or a unique letter.
- Uppercase is mandatory for all nouns, ensuring clear visual distinction in written text.
Logographic Component
- Logographs replace only the root word but can be used without suffixes if the context makes the meaning apparent.
- Logographs do not combine with the alphabetic script. Instead, they function as standalone symbols.
- High-frequency words and abstract concepts have dedicated logographic symbols.
- Logographs remain unchanged regardless of case, number, or grammatical context.
- These logographs are often more complex and decorative than the alphabetic characters.
Vowel System
Rongyonikolic has a diverse set of vowels, including both short and long varieties.
- Short vowels: /i, o, ɛ, ɪ, ɔ, ʊ, y, ə, ɜ, a, e, u, ɨ, ɐ/
- Long vowels: /aː, eː, iː, oː, uː, øː, yː/
Rongyonikolic features several diphthongs, including:
Vowel Reduction:
- /o/ and /a/ merge to [ɐ] in unstressed syllables.
- /e/ can reduce to [ɪ] or [ə].
- Long vowels do not reduce.
Intonation and Stress
- Rongyonikolic has a regular stress pattern, with the stress typically falling on the first syllable of words.
- Prefixes do not receive stress; instead, stress falls on the first syllable of the root word.
- In longer words, secondary stress may develop due to the presence of prefixes.
Consonants
Rongyonikolic has a rich consonant inventory, featuring both palatalized (soft) and non-palatalized (hard) consonants.
- Plosives: /p, t, k, b, d, g/
- Palatalized Plosives: /pʲ, tʲ, kʲ, bʲ, dʲ, gʲ/
- Fricatives: /f, v, s, z, ʃ, ʒ, ç, x, ʁ/
- Affricates: /dʒ, t͡s, t͡ɕ/
- Palatalized Fricatives: /s, z/ become [sʲ, zʲ] before front vowels but are not distinct phonemes
- Nasals: /n/
- Palatalized Nasals: /nʲ/
- Liquids: /l, r/
- Palatalized Liquids: /lʲ, rʲ/
- Glides: /j, w/
Rongyonikolic is rhotic, meaning the /r/ sound is pronounced clearly. It is often realized as a trilled or rolled sound, unlike in non-rhotic varieties of English.
/t/ and /d/ may optionally become glottal stops or flaps depending on phonetic environment, but this is allophonic.
Noun System
Rongyonikolic is fusional and inflectional, meaning that words change form through affixes and internal modifications to express grammatical relationships.
Grammatical genders:
- Masculine
- Feminine
- Neuter
Cases:
- Nominative – Used for the subject of a sentence.
- Accusative – Used for the direct object.
- Genitive – Expresses possession or relation.
- Dative – Used for the indirect object.
- Instrumental – Indicates the means or agent.
- Prepositional – Used with specific prepositions.
Nouns are marked with suffixes for case, number, and gender.
Honorific and Pejorative Affixes
- Honorific prefixes indicate politeness or respect.
- Pejorative prefixes add a negative or derogatory meaning to nouns.
Adjective & Adverb System
- Adjectives must match nouns in gender, number, and case.
- Comparative and superlative degrees are formed using suffixes.
- Modifiers such as negative, intensifier, and diminisher are prefixes.
Pronouns
- Pronouns are used to mark gender.
- This reinforces gender distinctions in sentences beyond just nouns and adjectives.
Verbal Morphology
Tense and Aspect
Prefix-based Aspect: Verbs use prefixes to indicate perfective (completed action) vs. imperfective (ongoing action).
Tense is suffix-based: Present, Past, and Future tenses are marked with suffixes.
Additional Prefixes:
- Causative
- Intensive/Augmentative
- Negative
- Inchoative
Verb Agreement
- Verbs inflect to agree with the subject in person (1st, 2nd, 3rd) and number (singular/plural).
- Verbs which end in vowels (excluding /ʲa/) are considered Weak Verbs, and other verbs are considered Strong Verbs.
- Weak verbs form the past tense with a suffix.
- Strong verbs undergo a single fixed vowel change of the first vowel, as displayed in the table below.
| Present Tense Vowel | Past Tense Vowel |
|---|
| /ɨ/ | /a/ |
| /ɪ/ | /a/ |
| /ʲɔ/ | /ʲu/ |
| /ʲa/ | /ʲe/ |
| /ɜ/ | /o/ |
| /ɔ/ | /u/ |
| /ɛ/ | /a/ |
- If the first vowel does not appear in the table, then it is the next vowel which changes instead, and so on.
Word Order
Main Clauses: Verb-Second (V2)
- (S) (V-Aux) (O) (Main Verb at the end)
Subordinate Clauses: Subject-Object-Verb (SOV)
Negation
- Negation is prefix-based.
- Double negation still involves separate words.
Yes/No Questions
Formed by V2 inversion, ensuring the auxiliary verb remains in the second position.
Wh-Questions
Begin with an interrogative word, but the verb remains in the second position.
Adjectives
Adjective Prefixes
| Type | Prefix |
|---|
| Intensive | zer- /zɛʁ/ |
| Diminitive | lyv- /lʲɨv/ |
| Negative | mo- /mɔ/ |
Adjective Root Words
| English Meaning | Rongyonikolic Anglicized | Rongyonikolic IPA |
|---|
| Acceptable / Permittable | Fyerdyek | /fʲɛrdjɛk/ |
| Ancient / Classical | Rhondyet | /ʁɜndjɛt/ |
| Attractive / Handsome | Zhornek | /ʒɔrnɛk/ |
| Awesome / Inspiring | Zyornek | /zʲɔrnɛk/ |
| Black | Rhorket | /ʁɔrkɛt/ |
| Bound / Held | Dyek | /dʲɜk/ |
| Brave | Fyrndo | /fʲɨrndɔ/ |
| Burning | Zhorkyn | /ʒɔrkɨn/ |
| Capable / Competent | Gyelnyek | /gʲɛlnʲɛk/ |
| Copper | Chyrgyenyket | /tʃɨrgʲɜnɨkɛt/ |
| Correct | Kyelnet | /kʲɛlnɛt/ |
| Detailed / Fine / Exquisite / Valuable / Precise / Rigorous | Dyernek | /dʲɛrnɛk/ |
| Diligent / Hardworking | Kyordyek | /kʲɔrdjɛk/ |
| Efficient / Practical | Virshyet | /vɨrʃjɛt/ |
| Extravagant / Excessive / Ostentatious | Zhyrkyt | /ʒɨrkɨt/ |
| Fair / Equal | Chelnyek | /tʃɛlnʲɛk/ |
| Forged | Dyok | /dʲɔk/ |
| Fluid / Flowing / Effortless / Natural | Lyan | /lʲɜn/ |
| Frugal / Provident | Fyergyet | /fʲɛrgjɛt/ |
| Golden | Vildynek | /vɨldɨnɛk/ |
| Grateful | Fyornyek | /fʲɔrnʲɛk/ |
| Great / High-Ranking / Important | Rhynt | /ʁɨnt/ |
| Grey | Sirnok | /sɨrnɔk/ |
| Hospitable | Zhyolgyek | /ʒɨɔlgʲɛk/ |
| Icy / Cold | Kyilshyek | /kʲɨlʃjɛk/ |
| Important / Pivotal | Kyeldyek | /kʲɛldjɛk/ |
| Independent | Rhyldek | /ʁɨldɛk/ |
| Insulting | Zyorrket | /zʲɔrrkɛt/ |
| Interesting / Compelling | Zhyrket | /ʒɨrkɛt/ |
| Iron | Chyrgyenek | /tʃɨrgʲɛnɛk/ |
| Joyful / Happy / Exciting | Zhyrnyek | /ʒɨrnʲɛk/ |
| Laborious / Difficult | Kyordnok | /kʲɔrdnɔk/ |
| Luminous / Glowing / Bright | Zhyorket | /ʒɨɔrkɛt/ |
| Malleable / Impressionable / Supple | Lyannek | /lʲɜnnɛk/ |
| Many / Large | Rhyndek | /ʁɨndɛk/ |
| Modest / Unassuming | Kyelnyek | /kʲɛlnʲɛk/ |
| Native / Familial / Ingrained | Rhyornet | /ʁɨrnɛt/ |
| New / Fresh | Fyorkyn | /fʲɔrkɨn/ |
| Normal / Standard / Ordinary | Zhyltet | /ʒɨltɛt/ |
| Official / Formal | Zindoket | /zɨndɔkɛt/ |
| Pale / Dull | Sir | /sɨr/ |
| Patient | Chelmyek | /tʃɛlmjɛk/ |
| Polite | Fyernyet | /fʲɛrnʲɛt/ |
| Punctual | Fyorkyet | /fʲɔrkʲɛt/ |
| Red | Shylnok | /ʃɨlnɔk/ |
| Respectful / Obedient | Chelryek | /tʃɛlrjɛk/ |
| Sacred | Zyorkye | /zʲɔrkʲɛ/ |
| Safe / Stable / Secure | Chelkyt | /tʃɛlkɨt/ |
| Sentimental / Nostalgic | Zhylkyet | /ʒɨlkʲɛt/ |
| Sharp / Honed / Pointed / Spiky | Dyerkyt | /dʲɛrkɨt/ |
| Shiny / Glittery / Sparkling | Zhyelgyek | /ʒɨɛlgʲɛk/ |
| Silent | Zhylnok | /ʒɨlnɔk/ |
| Silver | Chyrgyernek | /tʃɨrgʲɛrnɛk/ |
| Skilled | Chylgyet | /tʃɨlgʲɜt/ |
| Soft / Comfortable | Lonyek | /lɔnʲɛk/ |
| Steadfast / Unyielding / Stable / Determined | Tsarnyet | /tsarnʲɛt/ |
| Strong | Rhorkyn | /ʁɔrkɨn/ |
| Supportive / Facilitative | Fyerloket | /fʲɛrlɔkɛt/ |
| Thick / Dense | Rhylket | /ʁɨlkɛt/ |
| Thoughtful / Heartfelt | Zhylgyek | /ʒɨlgʲɛk/ |
| Traditional / Cultural | Zinderyek | /fʲɛrkʲɛt/ |
| Triumphant / Victorious | Kyelvot | /kʲɛlvɔt/ |
| Trustworthy / Sincere | Fyerzhyet | /fʲɛrʒjɛt/ |
| Unacceptable / Taboo | Zyorrnyek | /zʲɔrrnʲɛk/ |
| Unending / Perpetual | Zyorkyn | /zʲɔrkɨn/ |
| Wealthy / Affluent / Prestigious / Prosperous | Zhyorgyek | /ʒɨrgjɛk/ |
| Woven / Twisted | Lchyk | /ltʃɨk/ |
Adjective Suffixes
| Function | Masculine Singular | Feminine Singular | Neuter Singular | Masculine Plural | Feminine Plural | Neuter Plural |
|---|
| Nominative | -ar /ɜr/ | -an /ɜn/ | -at /ɜt/ | -ara /ɜra/ | -ana /ɜna/ | -adya /ɜda/ |
| Accusative | -im /ɨm/ | -ir /ɨr/ | -it /ɨt/ | -ima /ɨma/ | -ina /ɨna/ | -idya /ɨda/ |
| Genitive | -ogh /og/ | -osh /oʃ/ | -ogh /oɣ/ | -ogha /oga/ | -osha /oʃa/ | -ogha /oɣa/ |
| Dative | -el /el/ | -en /en/ | -et /et/ | -ela /ela/ | -ena /ena/ | -edya /eda/ |
| Instrumental | -ut /ut/ | -un /un/ | -uk /uk/ | -uta /uta/ | -una /una/ | -udya /uda/ |
| Prepositional | -ar /ar/ | -ash /aʃ/ | -atye /atɨ/ | -ara /ara/ | -asha /aʃa/ | -atya /ata/ |
| Comparative | -ogin /ogɨn/ | -oshin /oʃɨn/ | -oghit /oɣɨt/ | -ogina /ogɨna/ | -oshina /oʃɨna/ | -oghida /oɣɨda/ |
| Superlative | -ogiz /ogɨz/ | -oshiz /oʃɨz/ | -ogiz /oɣɨz/ | -ogiza /ogɨza/ | -oshiza /oʃɨza/ | -ogiza /oɣɨza/ |
Nouns
Noun Prefixes
| Type | Prefix |
|---|
| Honorific | ron- /rɔn/ |
| Pejorative | grol- /ɡʁɔl/ |
Pronouns
| Person | Masculine Singular | Feminine Singular | Neuter Singular | Masculine Plural | Feminine Plural | Neuter Plural |
|---|
| 1st Person (I/We) | min /mɨn/ | min /mɨn/ | min /mɨn/ | minar /mɨnar/ | minan /mɨnan/ | miny /mɨnɨ/ |
| 2nd Person Informal (You) | tyin /tʲɨn/ | tyin /tʲɨn/ | tyin /tʲɨn/ | tyinar /tʲɨnar/ | tyinan /tʲɨnan/ | tyiny /tʲɨnɨ/ |
| 2nd Person Formal (You - polite) | ron-tyin /ron-tʲɨn/ | ron-tyin /ron-tʲɨn/ | ron-tyin /ron-tʲɨn/ | ron-tyinar /ron-tʲɨnar/ | ron-tyinan /ron-tʲɨnan/ | ron-tyiny /ron-tʲɨnɨ/ |
| 3rd Person (He/She/It/They) | hin /hɨn/ | hin /hɨn/ | hit /hɨt/ | hinar /hɨnar/ | hinan /hɨnan/ | hiny /hɨnɨ/ |
Nouns: Concepts (Neuter)
| English Meaning | Rongyonikolic Anglicized | Rongyonikolic IPA |
|---|
| Aspirations / Dreams | Fyerket | /fʲɛrkɛt/ |
| Beer | Fyorkot | /fʲɔrkɔt/ |
| Business | Tyelgot | /tʲɛlgɔt/ |
| Congratulations | Fyornet | /fʲɔrnɛt/ |
| Connection | Zyovnet | /zʲɔvnɛt/ |
| Craftsmanship | Dyerlot | /dʲɛrlɔt/ |
| Detail | Kyelnek | /kʲɛlnɛk/ |
| Distance | Zhylkyt | /ʒɨlkɨt/ |
| Fondness / Adoration | Zholkyt | /ʒɔlkɨt/ |
| Form / Shape | Rhyt | /ʁɨt/ |
| Gender | Fyorket | /fʲɔrkɛt/ |
| Guidance / Advice | Rhazhnet | /ʁɜʒnɛt/ |
| Harmony | Zhyortet | /ʒɨrtɛt/ |
| Name | Gyelnet | /gʲɛlnɛt/ |
| Opportunity | Tyorgyet | /tʲɔrgjɛt/ |
| Pain | Rhyzet | /ʁɨʒɛt/ |
| Perseverance | Virzhet | /vɨrʒɛt/ |
| Presence | Zhoryet | /ʒɔrjɛt/ |
| Productivity | Virshyek | /vɨrʃjɛk/ |
| Prosperity | Chelzhot | /tʃɛlʒɔt/ |
| Punishment | Rhyndot | /ʁɨndɔt/ |
| Remainder | Tyelnet | /tʲɛlnɛt/ |
| Respect | Chelro | /tʃɛlʁo/ |
| Responsibility | Chyernet | /tʃɨrnɛt/ |
| Result | Kyeldot | /kʲɛldɔt/ |
| Skill / Capability | Gyelrot | /gʲɛlrɔt/ |
| Speech / Tongue | Gyot | /gʲɔt/ |
| Spirit / Soul | Zyolket | /zʲɔlkɛt/ |
| Strength | Tsarnek | /tsɜrnɛk/ |
| Success | Kyenvet | /kʲɜnvɛt/ |
| Task | Kyornet | /kʲɔrnɜt/ |
| Technique | Virnet | /vɨrnɛt/ |
| Trade | Fyerzhet | /fʲɛrʒɛt/ |
| Tradition | Zinder | /zɨndɛr/ |
| Water | Zhylkot | /ʒɨlkɔt/ |
| Wisdom | Zhylok | /ʒɨlok/ |
| Work | Kyord | /kʲɔrd/ |
Nouns: People & Social Structure (Subject Dependent Gender)
| English Meaning | Rongyonikolic Anglicized | Rongyonikolic IPA |
|---|
| Ancestor | Nyivek | /nɨvʲɛk/ |
| Assistant | Lyovnet | /lʲɔvnɛt/ |
| Blacksmith | Dyernelochyrgyenek | /dʲɛrnɜloʃɨrgʲɛnɛk/ |
| Child | Lyok | /lʲɔk/ |
| Clan | Urgyon | /ɜrgʲon/ |
| Deity | Zhylgot | /ʒɨlgɔt/ |
| Delver / Explorer | Chyrnet | /tʃɨrnɜt/ |
| Elder | Zyarit | /zʲarɪt/ |
| Expert | Chylgyot | /tʃɨlgʲɔt/ |
| Family | Zhornet | /ʒɔrnɜt/ |
| Friend | Fyergoal | /fʲɛrgɔl/ |
| Gemcutter | Dyernelozirnet | /dʲɛrnɜlozʲɨrnɜt/ |
| Guardian / Keeper | Rhyvet | /ʁɨvɛt/ |
| High Chief | Gyushorent | /gʲuʃɔrɛnt/ |
| Leader / Chief | Gyushor | /gʲuʃɔr/ |
| Outsider | Zyorrak | /zʲoʁɜk/ |
| Person | Ryn | /rɨn/ |
| Procession | Shyerkot | /ʃɨrkɔt/ |
| Servant / Bastard | Dyonet | /dʲɔnɛt/ |
| Warrior | Gyur | /gʲuɾ/ |
Nouns: Cultural & Events (Neuter)
| English Meaning | Rongyonikolic Anglicized | Rongyonikolic IPA |
|---|
| Birth | Jilyev | /dʒɨlɜv/ |
| Betrothal | Kyemish | /kʲɜmɪʃ/ |
| Ceremony | Chyerkot | /tʃɨrkɔt/ |
| Feast | Shinder | /ʃɨndɛr/ |
| Funeral | Rhondot | /ʁɜndɔt/ |
| Gathering | Zhyrnek | /ʒɨrnɛk/ |
| Legacy / Inheritance | Kyol | /kʲɔl/ |
| Marriage / Bond | Lyovger | /lʲɔvgɜr/ |
| Offering (to ancestors) | Virshot | /vɨrʃɔt/ |
| Trial of Skill | Chyrskyo | /tʃɨrskʲo/ |
Nouns: Nature & Environment (Feminine)
| English Meaning | Rongyonikolic Anglicized | Rongyonikolic IPA |
|---|
| Cave | Rhelcho | /ʁɜltʃo/ |
| Fire | Chyak | /tʃɜk/ |
| Ice | Kyilchak | /kʲɨltʃɜk/ |
| Lava | Chyaklyandak | /tʃɜklʲɜndɜk/ |
| Mountain | Kyirnet | /kʲɨrnɜt/ |
| Mushroom | Rhelyet | /ʁɜljɛt/ |
| Outside / Outdoors | Zyorkot | /zʲɔrkɔt/ |
| Spark | Nosh | /nɔʃ/ |
| Stone / Rock | Gornyek | /gɔrnʲɜk/ |
Nouns: Creatures & Beings (Feminine)
| English Meaning | Rongyonikolic Anglicized | Rongyonikolic IPA |
|---|
| Dwarf | Gyirnet | /gʲɨrnɛt/ |
| Giant | Gyornet | /gʲɔrnɜt/ |
Nouns: Materials (Feminine)
| English Meaning | Rongyonikolic Anglicized | Rongyonikolic IPA |
|---|
| Copper | Chyrgyenyk | /tʃɨrgʲɜnɨk/ |
| Diamond | Zhyolnet | /ʒɨlnɛt/ |
| Gem / Precious Stone | Zyirnet | /zʲɨrnɜt/ |
| Gold | Vildo | /vɨldɔ/ |
| Iron / Metal | Chyrgyen | /tʃɨrgʲɛn/ |
| Ore | Fyerlok | /fʲɛrlɔk/ |
| Silver | Chyrgyernet | /tʃɨrgʲɛrnɜt/ |
Nouns: Tools (Masculine)
| English Meaning | Rongyonikolic Anglicized | Rongyonikolic IPA |
|---|
| Battleaxe | Dyerzhot | /dʲɛrʒɔt/ |
| Hammer | Myrkyt | /mɜrkɨt/ |
| Ingot | Gyerlok | /gʲɛrlɔk/ |
| Pickaxe | Myerkot | /mʲɛrkɔt/ |
Nouns: Places (Masculine)
| English Meaning | Rongyonikolic Anglicized | Rongyonikolic IPA |
|---|
| Guild | Fyernok | /fʲɛrnɔk/ |
| Guildhall | Fyerzhyerkot | /fʲɛrʒɨrkɔt/ |
| Hall | Zhyerkot | /ʒɨrkɔt/ |
| Home | Zharnet | /ʒarnɛt/ |
| Tomb | Kyoldrak | /kʲɔldrɜk/ |
Nouns: Clothing & Accessories (Masculine)
| English Meaning | Rongyonikolic Anglicized | Rongyonikolic IPA |
|---|
| Amulet | Chyolket | /tʃɨɔlkɛt/ |
| Clothing | Vyerlot | /vʲɛrlɔt/ |
| Ring | Lyirket | /lʲɨrkɛt/ |
Nouns: Physical Features (Subject Dependent Gender)
| English Meaning | Rongyonikolic Anglicized | Rongyonikolic IPA |
|---|
| Beard | Vyernok | /vʲɜrnɔk/ |
| Braid | Vyernoch | /vʲɜrnɔtʃ/ |
| Hair | Vyernet | /vʲɜrnɜt/ |
| Hand | Dyerket | /dʲɛrkɛt/ |
Nouns: Other (Neuter)
| English Meaning | Rongyonikolic Anglicized | Rongyonikolic IPA |
|---|
| Gift | Tyergyo | /tʲɛrgʲo/ |
| Obstacle | Kyordet | /kʲɔrdɛt/ |
| Tribute | Fyerlot | /fʲɛrlɔt/ |
Nouns: Other (Feminine)
| English Meaning | Rongyonikolic Anglicized | Rongyonikolic IPA |
|---|
| Liquid | Lyandak | /lʲɜndɜk/ |
Nouns: Other (Masculine)
| English Meaning | Rongyonikolic Anglicized | Rongyonikolic IPA |
|---|
| Coffin | Rhondyk | /ʁɜndɨk/ |
| Dowry | Fyerkon | /fʲɛrkɔn/ |
| Money / Currency | Zhyorgo | /ʒɨrgɔ/ |
Proper Nouns
| English Meaning | Rongyonikolic Anglicized | Rongyonikolic IPA |
|---|
| Mountain of Honored Nikolic | Kyirnet Ronikolic | /kʲɨrnɜt rɔnikʲolɜk/ |
| Mountains of Honored Nikolic | Kyirnetana Ronikolic | /kʲɨrnɜtanɜ rɔnikʲolɜk/ |
| Nikolic | Nikolic | /nikʲolɜk/ |
| Person of Honoured Nikolic | Ryn Ronikolic | /rɨn rɔnikʲolɜk/ |
| People of Honoured Nikolic | Rynadye Ronikolic | /rɨnadʲɜ rɔnikʲolɜk/ |
| The Honoured Language of Nikolic | Rongyonikolic | /rɔngʲɔnikʲolɜk/ |
Noun Suffixes
| Case | Masculine Singular | Feminine Singular | Neuter Singular | Masculine Plural | Feminine Plural | Neuter Plural |
|---|
| Nominative | -ar /ar/ | -an /an/ | -at /at/ | -ara /arɜ/ | -ana /anɜ/ | -adye /adʲɜ/ |
| Accusative | -im /ɨm/ | -ir /ɨr/ | -it /ɨt/ | -imar /ɨmar/ | -inan /ɨnan/ | -iduk /ɨduk/ |
| Genitive | -ogh /oɣ/ | -osh /oʃ/ | -oght /oɣt/ | -oghar /oɣar/ | -oshan /oʃan/ | -oghuk /oɣuk/ |
| Dative | -el /el/ | -en /en/ | -et /et/ | -ela /elɜ/ | -ena /enɜ/ | -edye /edʲɜ/ |
| Instrumental | -ut /ut/ | -un /un/ | -uk /uk/ | -utar /utar/ | -unan /unan/ | -udik /udɨk/ |
| Prepositional | -ar /aɾ/ | -ash /aʃ/ | -atye /atɨ/ | -ara /aɾɜ/ | -asha /aʃɜ/ | -aruk /aɾuk/ |
Adverbs
Adverb Prefixes
| Type | Prefix |
|---|
| Intensive | zer- /zɛʁ/ |
| Diminitive | lyv- /lʲɨv/ |
| Negative | mo- /mɔ/ |
Verbs
Verb Prefixes
| Type | Prefix |
|---|
| Perfect | ve- /vɛ/ |
| Imperfect | do- /dɔ/ |
| Inchoative | gye- /ɡʲɛ/ |
| Intensive | xra- /xʁa/ |
| Negative | ni- /nɨ/ |
| Causative | ka- /ka/ |
Weak Verbs
| English Meaning | Rongyonikolic Anglicized | Rongyonikolic IPA |
|---|
| to Ask / Question | Kyelta | /kʲɛlta/ |
| to Attend / Participate In | Zhyrna | /ʒɨrna/ |
| to Carry / Hold | Dyekta | /dʲɜkta/ |
| to Clean | Dyerka | /dʲɛrka/ |
| to Consume | Zhorka | /ʒɔrka/ |
| to Contribute / Help | Zyolda | /zʲɔlda/ |
| to Conversate / Chat | Gyotta | /gʲɔtta/ |
| to Dance | Shyrta | /ʃɨrta/ |
| to Decide / Choose | Fyelta | /fʲɛlta/ |
| to Deep Fry | Fyercha | /fʲɛrtʃa/ |
| to Design / Plan | Gyelta | /gʲɛlta/ |
| to Earn / Achieve | Kyedna | /kʲɛdna/ |
| to Eat / Taste | Zhorka | /ʒɔrkɜ/ |
| to Enter | Lyova | /lʲɔva/ |
| to Fix / Heal | Dyerna | /dʲɛrna/ |
| to Follow / Defer / Obey | Chelra | /tʃɛlra/ |
| to Gain / Receive | Fyorga | /fʲɔrga/ |
| to Give | Tyera | /tʲɛra/ |
| to Groom / Preen | Zholna | /ʒɔlna/ |
| to Hear | Shyerta | /ʃɨrtɜ/ |
| to Honor / Respect | Chelta | /tʃɛlta/ |
| to Idolize / Revere | Zyorna | /zʲɔrna/ |
| to Manage / Administer / Direct | Gyolta | /gʲɔlta/ |
| to Overcome | Virna | /vɨrna/ |
| to Persevere / Continue / Try / Attempt | Virzha | /vɨrʒa/ |
| to Place / Put | Kyenda | /kʲɜnda/ |
| to Pray | Zyorka | /zʲɔrka/ |
| to Preserve | Rhazha | /ʁɜʒa/ |
| to Protect | Rhylta | /ʁɨlta/ |
| to See | Zhyelta | /ʒɨltɜ/ |
| to Share / Divide | Tyelta | /tʲɛlta/ |
| to Smell | Fyerna | /fʲɛrnɜ/ |
| to Symbolize / Represent | Zyorta | /zʲɔrta/ |
| to Take Turns | Zhorna | /ʒɔrna/ |
| to Tell / Relay / Inform | Zhylta | /ʒɨlta/ |
| to Trade | Fyerza | /fʲɛrza/ |
| to Trust / Rely On | Fyerda | /fʲɛrda/ |
| to Wait | Chelna | /tʃɛlna/ |
| to Waste | Zhyrta | /ʒɨrta/ |
| to Wield / Wear | Lyekta | /lʲɛkta/ |
| to Work | Kyorda | /kʲɔrda/ |
Strong Verbs
| English Meaning | Rongyonikolic Anglicized | Rongyonikolic IPA | Past Tense Anglicized | Past Tense IPA |
|---|
| to Add / Attach | Tyelvat | /tʲɛlvɜt/ | Tyalvat | /tʲalvɜt/ |
| to Assess / Evaluate | Dyerfon | /dʲɛrfɔn/ | Dyarfon | /dʲarfɔn/ |
| to Bless | Lyindot | /lʲɨndɔt/ | Lyandot | /lʲandɔt/ |
| to Build / Construct | Gyerkyo | /gʲɛrkʲo/ | Gyurkyu | /gʲarkʲo/ |
| to Celebrate | Shyrgyo | /ʃɨrgʲo/ | Shargyo | /ʃargʲo/ |
| to Change / Become | Zyernat | /zʲɛrnɜt/ | Zyarnat | /zʲarnɜt/ |
| to Comprise Of | Dyerkan | /dʲɛrkɜn/ | Dyarkan | /dʲarkɜn/ |
| to Desecrate / Violate | Rhornya | /ʁɔrnʲa/ | Rhurnya | /ʁurnʲa/ |
| to Die / Break / Destroy | Rhondya | /ʁɜndʲa/ | Rhandya | /ʁandʲa/ |
| to Gather / Collect / Mine / Extract | Gornya | /gɔrnʲa/ | Gurnya | /gurnʲa/ |
| to Give Birth / To Be Born | Jilya | /dʒɨlʲa/ | Jalya | /dʒalʲa/ |
| to Grow / Advance / Develop | Fyornya | /fʲɔrnʲa/ | Fyurnya | /fʲurnʲa/ |
| to Introduce / Meet / Establish | Zyornat | /zʲɔrnɜt/ | Zyurnat | /zʲurnɜt/ |
| to Order / Lead | Gyushya | /gʲuʃʲa/ | Gyushye | /gʲuʃʲe/ |
| to Seal / Complete / Finalize / Close / Formalize | Kyedlot | /kʲɛdlɔt/ | Kyadlot | /kʲadlɔt/ |
| to Sculpt / Carve | Dyernel | /dʲɛrnɜl/ | Dyarnel | /dʲarnɜl/ |
| to Touch / Feel | Zhorya | /ʒɔrʲa/ | Zhurya | /ʒurʲa/ |
| to Welcome / Invite / Accept | Fyordya | /fʲɔrdʲa/ | Fyurdya | /fʲurdʲa/ |
Verb Suffixes
| Function | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Singular | Plural |
|---|
| Present | -or /oɾ/ | -osh /oʃ/ | -ogh /oɣ/ | -ek /ek/ | -it /ɨt/ |
| Past | -ir /ɨɾ/ | -ish /ɨʃ/ | -igh /ɨɣ/ | -ik /ɨk/ | -ot /ot/ |
| Future | -ar /aɾ/ | -ash /aʃ/ | -agh /aɣ/ | -ak /ak/ | -id /ɨd/ |
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