Lālsīian (Tongue of Dragons)

This tongue is a lost language, of a dead race. Dragons. But most are not aware of this, in fact most don't know where the language comes from, they assume it was is a ancestor language to Valarian. So it is used rarely, but is used in scientific classification names, and in amongst various academics for research papers and notes, for privacy as it is not a commonly spoken language.

Natively known as: Lālsī /laːlˈsiː/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind... hūtˤ tˤay dād ayrsh kās gūytāf hūtˤ ālkh kās yawway llūmdūylā āg dˤawg Pronunciation: /huːtˤ tˤaj daːd ajrʃ kaːs ɣuːjˈtaːf huːtˤ aːlx kaːs ˈjawwaj ˈɫuːmduːjlaː aːɣ dˤawɣ/ Lālsīian word order: and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face the wind to
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Translation:

nawll
/nawɫ/
Affixes in this language: ACT.OF | ADVERB | AUG | DIM | DOER | HAVING.QUALITY.OF | LIKELY.TO | NOUN.F.PLURAL | NOUN.F.SING | NOUN.M.PLURAL | NOUN.M.SING | PLACE.OF | PRODUCT.OF | QUALITY.OF.BEING | RELATING.TO | RESULT.OF.DOING | TO.CREATE | TO.MAKE | VERB.IMPERF | VERB.PLURAL | VERB.SING
[button]Generate unique name[/button] Rayā /raˈjaː/

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: /b d dˤ f h j k l m n q r s sˤ t tˤ w x z ð ðˤ ħ ɣ ɫ ʃ ʔ ʕ ʤ θ/

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Dental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Pharyngeal	Glottal
Nasal	m			n
Stop	b			t tˤ d dˤ			k	q		ʔ
Affricate					ʤ
Fricative		f	θ ð ðˤ	s sˤ z	ʃ		x ɣ		ħ	h
Approximant						j			ʕ
Trill				r
Lateral approximant				l

Co-articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Labio-velar	Velarized alveolar
Approximant	w
Lateral approximant		ɫ

Vowel inventory: /aj aw aː iː u uː/
Diphthongs: aj ?

	Front	Back
High	iː	u uː
Low	aː

Syllable structure: (C)V(C)(C) ? Stress pattern: No fixed stress ? Word initial consonants: b, d, dˤ, h, j, k, l, m, n, q, r, s, sˤ, t, tˤ, w, z, ðˤ, ɣ, ɫ, ʃ, ʕ, ʤ, θ Mid-word consonants: b, bd, bm, bn, bw, bz, d, dd, df, dj, dl, dm, dn, dr, ds, dt, dw, dx, dˤ, f, fd, fh, fj, fk, fm, fw, fx, fħ, h, hj, hk, hm, hr, hw, hɫ, j, jj, jl, jm, jn, jr, jt, jʃ, k, kd, kh, kj, kl, ks, kw, kz, kʃ, l, lb, lf, lm, ln, lq, ls, lɣ, lʃ, lʔ, lθ, m, md, mf, mj, ml, mn, ms, mt, mʔ, mʤ, mθ, n, nb, nj, nk, nl, nm, nn, ns, ntˤ, nð, nɣ, q, qq, r, rd, rf, rh, rk, rr, rs, rz, rʃ, rʤ, s, sb, sd, sk, sl, sm, sr, ss, sw, sx, sz, sʕ, sˤ, sˤm, sˤn, sθ, t, tf, th, tk, tr, tz, tʃ, tʔ, tʤ, tˤ, tˤʕ, w, wb, wdˤ, wm, wq, ww, wx, wð, wʃ, x, xd, xk, xn, xz, z, zj, zt, zz, zɫ, ð, ðj, ðˤ, ħ, ħd, ħn, ɣ, ɣr, ɣw, ɫ, ɫd, ɫk, ɫn, ɫs, ɫɣ, ʃ, ʃb, ʃh, ʃl, ʃm, ʃx, ʔ, ʔd, ʔz, ʔθ, ʕ, ʕtˤ, ʤ, ʤm, ʤt, θ, θj, θw Word final consonants: b, bn, d, dz, f, jd, jj, jk, jl, jʃ, k, ks, kʃ, lb, ll, lm, ls, lx, lz, lʃ, lʤ, lθ, m, mf, ms, mθ, nf, ns, nx, nz, q, r, rb, rf, rl, rr, rs, rt, rʃ, rθ, s, sˤ, t, tm, ts, tˤ, tθ, wf, wl, ws, wʃ, x, z, ðˤ, ħ, ɣ, ɫ, ɫd, ʃ, ʕ, ʕdˤ, ʤ
Phonological changes (in order of application): ?

• l → s / _k
• u → ь / j_

Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
(.)(?=ᴅ*)ː	$1̄
j	y
x	kh
ð	dh
ħ	ȟ
ɣ	g
ɫ	ll
ʃ	sh
ʔ	ʻ
ʕ	h́
ʤ	j
θ	th

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Grammar

Main word order: Subject-Verb-Object-Oblique. "Mary opened the door with a key" turns into Mary opened the door with a key. Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun. Adposition: postpositions ?

Nouns

	Masculine	Feminine
Singular	No affix lāk /laːk/ man	No affix nīrrawyy /niːˈrrawjj/ woman
Plural	If ends with vowel: Suffix -ɣ Else: Suffix -uɣ lākug /laːˈkuɣ/ men	Suffix -uːtm nīrrawyyūtm /ˈniːrrawjjuːtm/ women

Articles

Definite	dˤaw /dˤaw/ the
Indefinite	tˤā /tˤaː/ a, some

Pronouns

1st singular	yawksh /jawkʃ/ I, me, mine
2nd singular	lūlsh /luːlʃ/ you, yours
3rd singular masc	tˤay /tˤaj/ he, him, his
3rd singular fem	ray /raj/ she, her, hers
1st plural	mu /mu/ we, us, ours
2nd plural	dˤawh́dˤ /dˤawʕdˤ/ you (all), yours
3rd plural masc	h́ā /ʕaː/ they, them, theirs
3rd plural fem	lā /laː/ they, them, theirs

Possessive determiners

1st singular	zuz /zuz/ my
2nd singular	dā /daː/ your
3rd singular masc	kās /kaːs/ his
3rd singular fem	zu /zu/ her
1st plural	dhˤutth /ðˤutθ/ our
2nd plural	yawlsh /jawlʃ/ your
3rd plural masc	kāz /kaːz/ their
3rd plural fem	kā /kaː/ their

Verbs

Singular	Suffix -iː lūfkhuī /luːfˈxuiː/
Plural	If ends with vowel: Suffix -lb Else: Suffix -awlb lūfkhulb /ˈluːfxulb/

Lālsīian uses a standalone particle word for past tense:

Past	thī /θiː/ past particle

Lālsīian uses a standalone particle word for future tense:

Future

ī /iː/ will

Imperfective aspect

The ‘imperfective’ aspect refers to ongoing actions, such as I am learning and habitual actions, such as I learn (something new every day). Lālsīian uses an affix for imperfective:

Imperfective

If ends with vowel: Suffix -ɣ Else: Suffix -uːɣ lūfkhug /ˈluːfxuɣ/ is learning

Numbers

Lālsīian has a base-20 number system:
1 - mu 2 - bulth 3 - dhˤutˤ 4 - awt 5 - bī 6 - awrt 7 - kā 8 - kay 9 - sīs 10 - jay 11 - jātˤh́ayȟ 12 - shād 13 - yuthaw 14 - bīwī 15 - ayszaw 16 - qawh́dˤ 17 - taythu 18 - lūqūssī 19 - bawmf 20 - lāyl 21 - lāylmu “twenty-one” 400 - kaymth “fourhundred” 401 - kaymth mu “fourhundred one” 800 - bulth kaymth “two fourhundred” 8000 - yīk “eightthousand”

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -lθ Else: Suffix -ulθ Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -jl Else: Suffix -ajjl Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -f Else: Suffix -iːf Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -tˤ Else: Suffix -aːtˤ Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -t Else: Suffix -awt Noun → verb (to create [noun]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ll Else: Suffix -aːll Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Suffix -aw Verb → adjective (likely to do [verb]) = Suffix -ajtˤ Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ns Else: Suffix -aːns Verb → noun that verb physically produces (e.g. build → building) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ts Else: Suffix -iːts One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -d Else: Suffix -ud Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʃ Else: Suffix -iːʃ Diminutive = If ends with vowel: Suffix -f Else: Suffix -iːf Augmentative = If ends with vowel: Suffix -nz Else: Suffix -uːnz

Geographical Distribution

It isn't really spoken anymore. It is all over in odd places on odd ruins. But it is studied by...eccentrics. Because well, curiosity about the past, about the legends and myths of the Draconic Wars.