Vehicles

A Mount pulling a land vehicle can pull many times its own weight. If multiple animals pull the same vehicle, they can add their carrying capacity together.
Vehicle Proficiency. If you have proficiency with a certain kind of vehicle (land, water, or air), you can add your proficiency bonus to any check you make to control that kind of vehicle in difficult circumstances.
All vehicles have a statblock that describes their cost, use, and abilities. They have purposes that range from travel to battle.
Typically, land vehicles are drawn by Mounts whose carrying capacity is enhanced by the vehicle. In battle, they are most often used in units as opposed to standing alone on the battlefield. However, the largest vehicles do have Mass Combat uses, and their statistics reflect that use.
Water-borne vehicles have their own field of Naval Combat and their own set of combat statistics similar to Mass Combat rules.
Rowed Vessels. Keelboats and rowboats are used on lakes and rivers. If going downstream, add the speed of the current (typically 3 miles per hour) to the speed of the vehicle. These vehicles can’t be rowed against any significant current, but they can be pulled upstream by draft animals on the shores. A rowboat weighs 100 pounds, in case adventurers carry it over land.

Vehicle Crews

Vehicles require a crew to move and take actions. If the vehicle is small (<20 crewmembers), the status of each member of the crew is measured as an individual. If the ship is large (20 crewmembers or more), the crew’s status is measured as one or more mass combat Unit.

Tack & Harness

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Item	Cost	Weight
Barding	x4	x2
Bit and bridle	2 gp	1 lb.
Feed (per day)	5 cp	10 lb.
Saddlebags	4 gp	8 lb.
Stabling (per day)	5 sp	-

Land Vehicles

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1d100	Vehicle Type	Defense	AC	Hull Points	Vehicle Size	Vehicle Weight	Hit points	Damage Threshold	Cost	Crew	Max Mounts	Cargo Capacity	Description
01-05	Sled‌	-	13	-	Medium‌	150 lbs	15	-	20 gp	1	6	2x animal capacity	A pack sled, made of hide drawn over a wooden frame, is usually pulled over snow by small mounts, such as dogs.
6-25	Cart‌	-	15	-	Large‌	200 lbs	30	2	15 gp	1	1	3x animal capacity	A cart is an open wooden platform, sometimes built with walls to hold in carried goods. It can be pulled by one mount.
26-50	Wagon‌	-	15	-	Large‌	400 lbs	60	2	35 gp	1	2	5x animal capacity	A wagon is more sturdy than a cart, and can be pulled by up to two mounts. Sometimes, wagons are covered by a frame and a canvass hood. Creatures riding in covered wagons have half Cover‌.
51-70	Carriage‌	-	15	-	Large‌	600 lbs	70	3	100 gp	1	4	5x animal capacity	A carriage is a large vehicle meant for human passengers. Its better design makes for a smoother ride than the wagon. Can be pulled by up to four mounts. Creatures inside have half Cover‌.
71-90	Chariot‌	-	17	-	Large‌	100 lbs	90	4	250 gp	1	2	3x animal capacity	The chariot is a vehicle of ancient design, but it remains extremely effective both in racing and battle. Chariot drivers have three-quarters Cover‌.
91-95	Coach‌	-	17	-	Large‌	650 lbs	75	4	2,000 gp	2	6	6x animal capacity	A fine carriage that rides on suspension, providing a much smoother ride than a traditional carriage. Coaches are built with a reinforced and armored cab to provide protection and privacy for those inside. Passengers have the benefit of full Cover‌.
96-98	Pageant Wagon‌	3	15	2	Huge‌	2000 lbs	175	3	1,500 gp	1 unit	8	5x animal capacity	A small house-like structure that rests on up to six wheels. Used mostly by traveling troupes of performers and the most successful traveling merchants. Creatures inside have three-quarters Cover‌.
99	War Machine‌	5	17	3	Gargantuan‌	4000 lbs	250	4	4,000 gp	1 unit	10	5x animal capacity	A gigantic wagon made of armored and reinforced wood that transports siege equipment or troops. Creatures and objects inside have full Cover‌ . Has a mounted Ballista‌ atop the wagon ( 1d12 attack die, volley range 120 ft).
100	Siege Tower‌	4	15	4	Gargantuan‌	5000 lbs	200	3	450 gp	1 unit	12	3x animal capacity	A mobile wooden structure with a beam frame and slats in its walls. Wooden wheels or rollers allow the tower to be pulled by soldiers or a team of mounts. A Medium‌ creature‌ in the tower can reach walls 40 feet high, and has full Cover‌ while in the tower.

Crew loyalty

A crew that is led efficiently and is seeing success will maintain a friendly Attitude toward their captain.
A poorly led or mistreated crew might turn against its captain. Individual crew members whose Attitude toward the captain drops to neutral might desert or defect in a crisis. Crew members whose attitude drops to hostile might plot against the captain and betray him or her in a crisis, or simply desert at the first opportunity.
Crews measured as Units instead use their Unit Strength rating to determine their loyalty. A vigorous crew is extremely unlikely to mutiny, while a haggard crew is very likely to mutiny. With a haggard crew, the slightest spark of conflict or an order given that places the crew in danger will result in a mutiny.
Mutinous crews must be handled with skills related to the captain’s Charisma, or may devolve into Combat as loyal and mutinous factions among the crew face off against each other.

Water-borne vehicles

A water vehicle's stat block has attributes that govern its abilities in combat, Movement, cargo and crew capacity, etc. Ships are vehicles, and cannot take any actions without crew.

Size

Most ships are Large, Huge, or Gargantuan. A ship’s Size category is determined by its length or width, whichever is longer. For instance, a ship that is 10 feet long and 20 feet wide would use the size category that has a 20-foot width, which means the ship is Gargantuan.
On a battle map, ship sizes are measured by the space they occupy in 10 ft x 10 ft squares.

Capacity

Ship cargo capacities show how many pounds of goods, people, or other objects a ship can carry. Large ships can carry extra military Units in their cargo holds as passengers -- each military unit takes up 40,000 lbs of cargo space. A single passenger uses cargo capacity equal to their weight in lbs.

Travel Pace / Speed

A ship’s Travel pace determines how far the vessel can move per hour, and per 1-minute Combat Round.

Vulnerabilities, Resistances, and Immunities

Ships are typically immune to Poison Damage and Psychic Damage. Metal and stone ships are immune to Necrotic Damage.

Armor Class and Defense

A ship has an Armor Class. Its AC is meant to reflect its size, the materials used to construct it, and any defensive plating or armor used to augment its toughness. For ship combat, a ship will also have a Defense score similar to Unit Defense in Mass Combat.

Hit Points and Hull Points

A ship is destroyed and becomes unusable when it drops to 0 Hit Points. For Naval Combat, every ship has a number of Hull Points, similar to a unit Casualty Die used in Mass Combat. A ship is wrecked if its hull is destroyed.

Damage Threshold

Most ships have immunity to all Damage unless it takes an amount of damage equal to or greater than its damage threshold, in which case it takes damage as normal. Any damage that fails to meet or exceed the damage threshold is considered superficial and doesn’t reduce the component’s Hit Points.

Attack Die and Volley Range

Each ship has an attack die used to roll when making a volley attack against objects, structures, military units, or other ships. Like in Mass Combat, any volley where the number rolled on the Attack Die is equal to or greater than the defense score of the target is a successful attack that reduces the Target's casualties or hull points.
Ships also have a volley range measured in feet or light years that determines how far a ship’s volley can reach.
Attack dice and volley ranges are determined by the siege weapons mounted to the ship’s artillery fixtures.

Water Vehicles

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1d100	Ship Type	Defense	AC	Hull Points	Ship Size	Hit points	Damage Threshold	Attack Die (Volley)	Volley Range	Special Abilities	Cost	Speed	Crew	Cargo Capacity	Description
01-10	Raft‌	2	12	1	Medium 5 x 5 (1)	30	3	-	-	Can turn without spending any movement	5 gp	1 mph / 20 feet	1	200 lbs	A basic wooden raft, made of planks or logs that are lashed and fastened together.
11-15	Rowboat‌	2	15	2	Large‌ 5 x 10 (1)	60	3	-	-	-	50 gp	2 mph / 30 feet	1	300 lbs	A small boat propelled by two oars
16-20	Canoe‌	3	17	2	Large‌ 5 x 10 (1)	60	5	-	-	Ram 1	75 gp	5 mph / 60 feet	2	100 lbs	A long, thin, fast river boat crewed by two rowers.
21-30	Barge‌	2	15	4	Gargantuan‌ (2)	200	4	-	-	Can turn without spending any movement	2,000 gp	3 mph / 40 feet	3	80,000 lbs	A very large wooden raft or boat with a flat deck used to ship cargo along rivers.
31-35	Keelboat‌	3	15	3	Gargantuan (2)	120	4	1d4	80 feet	-	1,200 gp	4 mph / 40 feet	4	10,000 lbs	A larger river boat propelled by a sail.
36-40	Longship‌	3	17	4	Gargantuan‌(3)	320	5	1d6	80 feet	Ram 2	10,000 gp	4 mph / 40 feet	2 units	100,000 lbs	A long, thin, ocean-going vessel that travels best along coasts and sheltered seas. Propelled by a single sail and many rowers.
41-55	Galley‌	4	17	4	Gargantuan‌(3)	360	5	1d8	Defined by siege weapons equipped	Ram 3, 1d20 to structures	30,000 gp	3 mph / 40 feet	2 units	120,000 lbs	A long, thin, ocean-going vessel that travels best along coasts and sheltered seas. Propelled by a single sail and many rowers. Comes equipped with a ramming prow and two artillery fixtures.
56-75	Coaster‌	4	15	3	Gargantuan‌(2)	225	4	1d6	80 feet	-	8,000 gp	4 mph / 40 feet	1 unit	200,000 lbs	An ocean-going cargo vessel that travels best along coasts and sheltered seas.
76-90	Cog‌	4	17	4	Gargantuan‌(3)	350	5	1d8	Defined by siege weapons equipped	1d20 to structures	25,000 gp	5 mph / 60 feet	2 units	300,000 lbs	A large ocean-going vessel used in both cargo shipping and battle. Comes with two artillery fixtures.
91-93	Caravel‌	4	17	3	Gargantuan‌ (2)	280	5	1d8	Defined by siege weapons equipped	1d20 to structures	20,000 gp	6 mph / 80 feet	1 unit	120,000 lbs	A small, fast ocean-going vessel used in both cargo shipping and battle. Comes with two artillery fixtures.
94-95	Great Longship‌	4	17	5	Gargantuan‌ (4)	420	5	1d6	80 feet	Ram 3	40,000 gp	5 mph / 60 feet	3 units	160,000 lbs	A giantic longship, an ocean-going vessel that travels best along coasts and sheltered seas. Propelled by a two sails and many rowers.
96-97	Great Galley‌	5	17	5	Gargantuan‌ (4)	480	5	1d10	Defined by siege weapons equipped	Ram 4, 1d20 to structures	50,000 gp	5 mph / 60 feet	3 units	200,000 lbs	An extremely large galley, an ocean-going vessel that travels best along coasts and sheltered seas. Propelled by two sails and many rowers. Comes equipped with a gigantic ramming prow and three artillery fixtures.
98-99	Carrack‌	5	17	5	Gargantuan‌ (6)	650	5	1d12	Defined by siege weapons equipped	1d20 to structures	80,000 gp	5 mph / 60 feet	3 units	400,000 lbs	A huge ocean-going vessel used in both cargo shipping and battle. Comes with four artillery fixtures.
100	Galleon‌	6	19	6	Gargantuan (8)	880	5	1d20	Defined by siege weapons equipped	-	120,000 gp	5 mph / 60 feet	4 units	600,000 lbs	A titanic ocean-going vessel used in both cargo shipping and battle. Comes with five artillery fixtures.
-	Kraken‌	5	18	7	Gargantuan‌ (4)	600	-	1d10	40 feet	Can attack from front without penalty. Ships engaged take 3 casualties every round. Disadvantage‌ on enemy disengage attempts.	-	5 mph / 60 feet	-	-	True seadwelling terrors, kraken can attack and grapple prey with each of its ten tentacles, as well as a powerful lightning volley attack.

Crashing

If a ship moves into the space occupied by a creature or object, it might crash. A ship avoids crashing if the creature or object is at least two sizes smaller than it.
When a ship crashes, it takes Damage to its hull based on the size of the creature or object it crashed into, as shown on the Crash Damage table below. The ship also stops moving if the object or creature is the same size as the vessel, or larger. Otherwise the ship continues moving and the creature or object moves to the nearest unoccupied space that is not in the ship’s path. At the DM’s discretion, an object that is forced to move but is fixed in place is instead destroyed.
A creature struck must make a Dexterity saving throw with a DC equal to 10 + the ship’s Hull Point Maximum, taking Bludgeoning Damage based on the ship’s Size (as shown on the Crash Damage table) on a failed save, or half as much damage on a successful one.

Vehicle Crash Damage

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Size	Bludgeoning Damage
Small‌	1d6
Medium‌	1d10
Large‌	4d10
Huge‌	8d10
Gargantuan‌	16d10

Owning and Managing a Ship

Owning a ship can be a profitable enterprise, but it also requires management and maintenance -- especially larger ships whose crews are composed of Mass Combat Units.
Every unit of crew that your ship employs must be paid weekly according to its type, experience level, and unit strength, just like a military or Laborer unit. A unit of sailors has the same statistics as a unit of Light Infantry, but they have Advantage on attack rolls when on water and marsh terrain.
Refilling all supplies for your crew and any passenger units on board to “flush” requires 200 gp per unit of crew. Every week that you spend at sea without returning to port reduces your supply lines -- and therefore your crew’s unit strength -- by one level.
The ship itself requires weekly maintenance equal to the cost of the ship divided by 100. For example, a Galley would require 300 gp in basic maintenance every week. Repairing a damaged ship has a cost equal to that ship’s weekly maintenance cost for every Hull Point to be restored. Significant repairs beyond normal maintenance must be performed at port.
Ship cargo capacities show how many pounds of goods, people, or other objects a ship can carry. Large ships can carry extra military units in their cargo holds as passengers -- a single military unit takes up 40,000 lbs of cargo space.
For more information, see Strongholds.