Peruvian Civil War

The Peruvian Civil War was a brief conflict between Queen Gabriela and the warhawk government of her father.

The Conflict

Prelude

With the onset of the The Great War, King John II of Peru was surrounded by ministers that desired war with Gran Colombia in order to acquire Quito. However, John passed away in 1918. His eldest daughter, Gabriela, ascended to the throne. John had granted the Prime Minister the power of royal proclamation in order to secure Gabriela's throne. This came to a head when Gabriela declared Peru's neutrality in the Congress of Columbia, much to the opposition of the ministry.

Deployment

The Prime Minister declared the monarchy dissolved, and Gabriela and her court fled the capital to the city of Callao. There, Gabriela gathered royalist forces, along with Brazilian volunteers thanks to her husband, Prince Philip. Royalists were greatly skeptical of the measure, seeing a civil war to evade the Great War as hypocritical.

Battlefield

Only one major battle was fought during the brief war, the Siege of Lima. During the siege, Gabriela offered amnesty to the revolutionary soldiers, many of whom accepted. Ultimately, the royalists successfully captured the city.

Outcome

Per her word, Gabriela pardoned surrendering soldiers from the siege. She also accepted the surrender and resignation of the Royal Cabinet, electing to jail the majority, and only signing the execution order for the Prime Minister. Gabrieala regained the power of royal proclamation.

Aftermath

Many of the Peruvian populace saw the coup d'etat as a signal of Gabriela's incompetence. Small pockets of republican supporters gained prominence among the citizenry.

Conflict Type
Civil War
Start Date
1919
Ending Date
1920
Conflict Result
Royalist Victory

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Generic article | May 15, 2025

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