Invasion of Russia

The Invasion of Russia by Napoleon was an attempt to bring the Russian Empire back under the influence of France.
The defeat of Napoleon's marshals in the Battle of Antwerp overshadowed his own victory in Wagram. The War of the Fifth Coalition ended in a stalemate as Napoleon fell back to France's borders. This saw Napoleon's influence over mainland Europe diminish, and was coupled with the French defeat in the Franco-American Wars. During the Louisiana Conquest, Napoleon lost the Louisiana Territory that he had hoped to either sell or use to reestablish France's colonial ambitions.
Napoleon had attempted to implement the Continental System to economically cripple Britain. However, the economies of many other European nations began to suffer. One of these nations was the Russian Empire, who broke from the system to resume trading with Britain, angering Napoleon.
In 1812, Napoleon gathered his impressed Italian, Prussian, and Austrian allies and invaded Russia with the largest land army in European history. However, instead of meeting Napoleon in open battle, Russia fell back deeper into Russia, implementing a scorched Earth policy and stretching out Napoleon's supply lines. At the Battle of Moscow, Napoleon occupied the city and sent an ultimatum to Tsar Alexander I. However, Alexander held his reply until an exceptionally strong winter came in. Napoleon's forces lacked any winter provisions, and were ill prepared for the Russian winter. Napoleon was forced to retreat, losing the vast majority of his military forces. Upon the retreat, Russian Cossacks raided his rears.
Upon exiting Russia, Napoleon was engaged by the Prussian army. Those serving with Napoleon defected, and Napoleon was defeated. Napoleon escaped, and returned to Paris where he attempted to rebuild his forces. However, with his defeat at the battle of Leipzig combined with the campaigns in Holland and Spain, the Russian winter during Napoleon's invasion proved to be the turning point in Europe.

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Natural