The Language of Sinidian

Natively known as: sinid /ˈsinid/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
lo sar posu fra sar dolo lo cir sar drejtru flus sus crabge
Pronunciation: /lo saɾ ˈposu fɾa saɾ ˈdolo lo kiɾ saɾ ˈdɾextɾu flus sus ˈkɾabxe/
Sinidian word order: and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: b d f g k l m n p r s t w x ɲ ɾ ʎ ʧ

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Palatal	Velar
Nasal	m		n		ɲ
Stop	p b		t d			k g
Affricate				ʧ
Fricative		f	s			x
Tap			ɾ
Trill			r
Lateral approximant			l		ʎ

Co-articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Labial-velar
Approximant	w

Vowel inventory: a e i o u

	Front	Back
High	i	u
High-mid	e	o
Low	a

Syllable structure: Custom defined ?
Stress pattern: Initial — stress is on the first syllable ?
Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
ɾ	r
ʎ	y / #_
ʎ	ll
kw	cu
k	c
ʧ	ch
ɲ	ñ
x	g / _{e,i}
x	j

---

Grammar

Main word order: Subject Verb Object (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary opened the door with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: prepositions ?

Nouns

Nouns form plural with separate plural word:

Plural

Particle before the noun: blen - blen bler /blen bleɾ/ dogs

	Definite	Indefinite
Masculine	No affix lon /lon/ the boy	If starts with vowel: Prefix p- Else: Prefix pu- pulon /ˈpulon/ a/some boy
Feminine	No affix bra /bɾa/ the girl	If starts with vowel: Prefix omp- Else: Prefix ompi- ompibra /ˈompibɾa/ a/some girl
Neuter	No affix bler /bleɾ/ the dog	If starts with vowel: Prefix k- Else: Prefix ko- cobler /ˈkobleɾ/ a/some dog

Articles

Sinidian encodes definite article ‘the’, and indefinite article ‘a’ in noun affixes. See Noun section.

Pronouns

1st singular	da /da/ I, me, mine
2nd singular	tran /tɾan/ you, yours
3rd singular masc	sar /saɾ/ he, him, his,
3rd singular fem	rul /rul/ she, her, hers,
3rd singular neuter	na /na/ it (neut), its (neut)
1st plural	yi /ʎi/ we, us, ours
2nd plural	ne /ne/ you all, yours (pl)
3rd plural masc	les /les/ they (masc), them (masc), theirs (masc)
3rd plural fem	car /kaɾ/ they (fem), them (fem), theirs (fem)
3rd plural neuter	su /su/ they (neut), them (neut), theirs (neut)

Possessive determiners

	Possessive
1st singular	da /da/ my
2nd singular	tran /tɾan/ your
3rd singular masc	sar /saɾ/ his
3rd singular fem	rul /rul/ her
3rd singular neuter	na /na/ his, her, its (neut)
1st plural	yi /ʎi/ our
2nd plural	ne /ne/ your (pl)
3rd plural masc	les /les/ their (masc)
3rd plural fem	car /kaɾ/ their (fem)
3rd plural neuter	su /su/ their (neut)

Verbs

Masculine

	1st singular	2nd singular	3rd singular masc	3rd singular fem	3rd singular neuter	1st plural	2nd plural	3rd plural masc	3rd plural fem	3rd plural neuter
Present	If starts with vowel: Prefix unm- Else: Prefix unmo- unmobir /ˈunmobiɾ/ (I (masc)) learn	Prefix le- lebir /ˈlebiɾ/ (you (masc)) learn	Prefix ʎo- yobir /ˈʎobiɾ/ (he) learns	Prefix e- ebir /ˈebiɾ/ learn	Prefix a- abir /ˈabiɾ/ learn	If starts with vowel: Prefix d- Else: Prefix da- dabir /ˈdabiɾ/ (we (masc)) learn	If starts with vowel: Prefix fl- Else: Prefix fla- flabir /ˈflabiɾ/ (you (masc) all) learn	If starts with vowel: Prefix anm- Else: Prefix anma- anmabir /ˈanmabiɾ/ (they (masc)) learn	Prefix fɾa- frabir /ˈfɾabiɾ/ (they (masc)) learn	Prefix kwa- cuabir /ˈkwabiɾ/ (they (masc)) learn
Past	If starts with vowel: Prefix s- Else: Prefix su- subir /ˈsubiɾ/ (I (masc)) learned	Prefix kla- clabir /ˈklabiɾ/ (you (masc)) learned	Prefix blo- blobir /ˈblobiɾ/ (he) learned	Prefix fi- fibir /ˈfibiɾ/ learned	If starts with vowel: Prefix ʧ- Else: Prefix ʧi- chibir /ˈʧibiɾ/ learned	Prefix gɾi- gribir /ˈgɾibiɾ/ (we (masc)) learned	Prefix xe- gebir /ˈxebiɾ/ (you (masc) all) learned	Prefix ʧo- chobir /ˈʧobiɾ/ (they (masc)) learned	If starts with vowel: Prefix f- Else: Prefix fe- febir /ˈfebiɾ/ (they (masc)) learned	Prefix bɾu- brubir /ˈbɾubiɾ/ (they (masc)) learned
Remote past	If starts with vowel: Prefix k- Else: Prefix ko- cobir /ˈkobiɾ/ (I (masc)) learn (long ago)	If starts with vowel: Prefix t- Else: Prefix tu- tubir /ˈtubiɾ/ (you (masc)) learn (long ago)	Prefix me- mebir /ˈmebiɾ/ (he) learns (long ago)	If starts with vowel: Prefix gɾ- Else: Prefix gɾe- grebir /ˈgɾebiɾ/ learn (long ago)	If starts with vowel: Prefix obx- Else: Prefix obxe- obgebir /ˈobxebiɾ/ learn (long ago)	If starts with vowel: Prefix b- Else: Prefix ba- babir /ˈbabiɾ/ (we (masc)) learn (long ago)	If starts with vowel: Prefix k- Else: Prefix ke- cebir /ˈkebiɾ/ (you (masc) all) learn (long ago)	If starts with vowel: Prefix fl- Else: Prefix flo- flobir /ˈflobiɾ/ (they (masc)) learn (long ago)	Prefix ple- plebir /ˈplebiɾ/ (they (masc)) learn (long ago)	Prefix fɾe- frebir /ˈfɾebiɾ/ (they (masc)) learn (long ago)

Feminine

	1st singular	2nd singular	3rd singular masc	3rd singular fem	3rd singular neuter	1st plural	2nd plural	3rd plural masc	3rd plural fem	3rd plural neuter
Present	Prefix u- ubir /ˈubiɾ/ (I (fem)) learn	Prefix gɾo- grobir /ˈgɾobiɾ/ (you (fem)) learn	Prefix e- ebir /ˈebiɾ/ learn	If starts with vowel: Prefix ast- Else: Prefix asti- astibir /ˈastibiɾ/ (she) learns	If starts with vowel: Prefix p- Else: Prefix po- pobir /ˈpobiɾ/ learn	If starts with vowel: Prefix ʎ- Else: Prefix ʎo- yobir /ˈʎobiɾ/ (we (fem)) learn	If starts with vowel: Prefix dɾ- Else: Prefix dɾo- drobir /ˈdɾobiɾ/ (you (fem) all) learn	Prefix fɾa- frabir /ˈfɾabiɾ/ (they (masc)) learn	Prefix ne- nebir /ˈnebiɾ/ (they (fem)) learn	If starts with vowel: Prefix m- Else: Prefix me- mebir /ˈmebiɾ/ (they (fem)) learn
Past	If starts with vowel: Prefix m- Else: Prefix ma- mabir /ˈmabiɾ/ (I (fem)) learned	If starts with vowel: Prefix bɾ- Else: Prefix bɾu- brubir /ˈbɾubiɾ/ (you (fem)) learned	Prefix fi- fibir /ˈfibiɾ/ learned	Prefix su- subir /ˈsubiɾ/ (she) learned	If starts with vowel: Prefix r- Else: Prefix ri- ribir /ˈribiɾ/ learned	Prefix la- labir /ˈlabiɾ/ (we (fem)) learned	Prefix li- libir /ˈlibiɾ/ (you (fem) all) learned	If starts with vowel: Prefix f- Else: Prefix fe- febir /ˈfebiɾ/ (they (masc)) learned	If starts with vowel: Prefix s- Else: Prefix se- sebir /ˈsebiɾ/ (they (fem)) learned	If starts with vowel: Prefix gɾ- Else: Prefix gɾa- grabir /ˈgɾabiɾ/ (they (fem)) learned
Remote past	If starts with vowel: Prefix aps- Else: Prefix apsi- apsibir /ˈapsibiɾ/ (I (fem)) learn (long ago)	If starts with vowel: Prefix s- Else: Prefix sa- sabir /ˈsabiɾ/ (you (fem)) learn (long ago)	If starts with vowel: Prefix gɾ- Else: Prefix gɾe- grebir /ˈgɾebiɾ/ learn (long ago)	If starts with vowel: Prefix enk- Else: Prefix enki- encibir /ˈenkibiɾ/ (she) learns (long ago)	If starts with vowel: Prefix fɾ- Else: Prefix fɾa- frabir /ˈfɾabiɾ/ learn (long ago)	Prefix pa- pabir /ˈpabiɾ/ (we (fem)) learn (long ago)	Prefix tɾo- trobir /ˈtɾobiɾ/ (you (fem) all) learn (long ago)	Prefix ple- plebir /ˈplebiɾ/ (they (masc)) learn (long ago)	If starts with vowel: Prefix ʧ- Else: Prefix ʧo- chobir /ˈʧobiɾ/ (they (fem)) learn (long ago)	If starts with vowel: Prefix pɾ- Else: Prefix pɾe- prebir /ˈpɾebiɾ/ (they (fem)) learn (long ago)

Neuter

	1st singular	2nd singular	3rd singular masc	3rd singular fem	3rd singular neuter	1st plural	2nd plural	3rd plural masc	3rd plural fem	3rd plural neuter
Present	Prefix i- ibir /ˈibiɾ/ (I (neut)) learn	If starts with vowel: Prefix end- Else: Prefix endu- endubir /ˈendubiɾ/ (you (neut)) learn	Prefix a- abir /ˈabiɾ/ learn	If starts with vowel: Prefix p- Else: Prefix po- pobir /ˈpobiɾ/ learn	If starts with vowel: Prefix pl- Else: Prefix plu- plubir /ˈplubiɾ/ (it (neut)) learns	If starts with vowel: Prefix kɾ- Else: Prefix kɾa- crabir /ˈkɾabiɾ/ (we (neut)) learn	If starts with vowel: Prefix x- Else: Prefix xe- gebir /ˈxebiɾ/ (you (neut) all) learn	Prefix kwa- cuabir /ˈkwabiɾ/ (they (masc)) learn	If starts with vowel: Prefix m- Else: Prefix me- mebir /ˈmebiɾ/ (they (fem)) learn	If starts with vowel: Prefix alm- Else: Prefix almi- almibir /ˈalmibiɾ/ (they (neut)) learn
Past	If starts with vowel: Prefix x- Else: Prefix xo- jobir /ˈxobiɾ/ (I (neut)) learned	If starts with vowel: Prefix n- Else: Prefix na- nabir /ˈnabiɾ/ (you (neut)) learned	If starts with vowel: Prefix ʧ- Else: Prefix ʧi- chibir /ˈʧibiɾ/ learned	If starts with vowel: Prefix r- Else: Prefix ri- ribir /ˈribiɾ/ learned	If starts with vowel: Prefix sɾ- Else: Prefix sɾi- sribir /ˈsɾibiɾ/ (it (neut)) learned	If starts with vowel: Prefix ʎ- Else: Prefix ʎu- yubir /ˈʎubiɾ/ (we (neut)) learned	Prefix bɾe- brebir /ˈbɾebiɾ/ (you (neut) all) learned	Prefix bɾu- brubir /ˈbɾubiɾ/ (they (masc)) learned	If starts with vowel: Prefix gɾ- Else: Prefix gɾa- grabir /ˈgɾabiɾ/ (they (fem)) learned	If starts with vowel: Prefix ogɾ- Else: Prefix ogɾo- ogrobir /ˈogɾobiɾ/ (they (neut)) learned
Remote past	If starts with vowel: Prefix fl- Else: Prefix fle- flebir /ˈflebiɾ/ (I (neut)) learn (long ago)	If starts with vowel: Prefix l- Else: Prefix le- lebir /ˈlebiɾ/ (you (neut)) learn (long ago)	If starts with vowel: Prefix obx- Else: Prefix obxe- obgebir /ˈobxebiɾ/ learn (long ago)	If starts with vowel: Prefix fɾ- Else: Prefix fɾa- frabir /ˈfɾabiɾ/ learn (long ago)	If starts with vowel: Prefix t- Else: Prefix te- tebir /ˈtebiɾ/ (it (neut)) learns (long ago)	If starts with vowel: Prefix usgɾ- Else: Prefix usgɾe- usgrebir /ˈusgɾebiɾ/ (we (neut)) learn (long ago)	Prefix kɾe- crebir /ˈkɾebiɾ/ (you (neut) all) learn (long ago)	Prefix fɾe- frebir /ˈfɾebiɾ/ (they (masc)) learn (long ago)	If starts with vowel: Prefix pɾ- Else: Prefix pɾe- prebir /ˈpɾebiɾ/ (they (fem)) learn (long ago)	Prefix bla- blabir /ˈblabiɾ/ (they (neut)) learn (long ago)

Sinidian uses a standalone particle word for future tense:

Future

Particle before the verb: ed - ed bir /ed biɾ/ will learn

Progressive aspect

The ‘progressive’ aspect refers to actions that are happening at the time of speaking, such as I am learning.
Sinidian uses an affix for progressive:

Progressive

Prefix pli- plibir /ˈplibiɾ/ is learning

Habitual aspect

The ‘habitual’ aspect refers to actions that happen habitually, such as I learn (something new every day), as opposed to actions that happen once (I learned something).
Sinidian uses an affix for habitual:

Habitual

If starts with vowel: Prefix t- Else: Prefix ta- tabir /ˈtabiɾ/ learns

Perfect aspect

The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.
Sinidian uses an affix for the perfect aspect:

Perfect

Reduplicate last part of last syllable birir /ˈbiɾiɾ/ have learned

Numbers

Sinidian has a base-10 number system:
1 - tar
2 - pres
3 - ges
4 - si
5 - mi
6 - yo
7 - pli
8 - urne
9 - relbor
10 - ed
100 - sere
1000 - chid

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = If starts with vowel: Prefix s-
Else: Prefix su-
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Prefix gɾi-
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix pl-
Else: Prefix plu-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Prefix o-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If starts with vowel: Prefix fɾ-
Else: Prefix fɾe-
Noun to verb = Prefix so-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Prefix o-
Tending to = Prefix pla-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Prefix pɾa-
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = If starts with vowel: Prefix m-
Else: Prefix mo-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Prefix pɾi-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Prefix ni-
Diminutive = If starts with vowel: Prefix ebl-
Else: Prefix ebla-
Augmentative = Prefix ku-

Dictionary

211 Words.

Spoken by

• Scribs