Natively known as: thordvurnge /ðɔːdˈvɜːnʤ/
...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
thamed squou ened baved cloi cai thamed falds thid ened fere wholvs ansed[alt]
Pronunciation: /ðæmd skwaʊ̯ ɛnt bævd klɔɪ̯ kaɪ̯ ðæmd fɑldz ðɪd ɛnt fɛə̯ ʍoʊ̯lvz ɑnst/
Thordvurngen word order: and he his hat holding stood and the wind to his wet face turned[/alt]
Spelling & Phonology
Consonant inventory: b d f g h j k l m n p r s t v w z ð ŋ ɹ ɾ ʃ ʍ ʤ ʧ θ
[font]Click IPA symbols for audio [img]
| ↓Manner/Place→ | Bilabial | Labiodental | Dental | Alveolar | Palato-alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal |
|---|
| Nasal | m | | | n | | | ŋ | |
| Stop | p b | | | t d | | | k g | |
| Affricate | | | | | ʧ ʤ | | | |
| Fricative | | f v | θ ð | s z | ʃ | | | h |
| Approximant | | | | ɹ | | j | | |
| Tap | | | | ɾ | | | | |
| Trill | | | | r | | | | |
| Lateral approximant | | | | l | | | | |
Co-articulated phonemes
| ↓Manner/Place→ | Labial-velar |
|---|
| Approximant | ʍ w |
Vowel inventory: aɪ̯ aʊ̯ eɪ̯ iː oʊ̯ uː æ ɑ ɑː ɔɪ̯ ɔː ɛ ɛə̯ ɜː ɪ ɪə̯ ʊ ʊə̯ ʌ
Diphthongs: aɪ̯ aʊ̯ eɪ̯ oʊ̯ ɔɪ̯ ɛə̯ ɪə̯ ʊə̯
| Front | Central | Back |
|---|
| High | iː | | uː |
| Near-high | ɪ | | ʊ |
| Low-mid | ɛ | ɜː | ʌ ɔː |
| Near-low | æ | | |
| Low | | | ɑ ɑː |
Syllable structure: Custom defined
Stress pattern: Ultimate — stress is on the last syllable
Word initial consonants: b bl bɹ d dɹ f fl fɹ g gl gɹ h j k kl kw kɹ l m n p pl pɹ s sk skw skɹ sl sm sn sp spl spɹ st stɹ sw t th tw tɹ v w ð ɹ ʃ ʃɹ ʍ ʤ ʧ θ θɹ
Mid-word consonants: b bd bj bl bm bn bs bskj bskɹ bst bstɹ bt bv bz bɹ bɾ bʤ d df dg dgɹ dj dkw dl dm dn ds dv dw dɹ dʃ f fj fl fspɹ ft ftl ftw fɹ g gj gl gm gn gz gɹ gʤ h j k kd kf kgɹ kj kl km kn ks ksf ksk kskj kskl kskw ksm ksp kspl kspɹ kst kstɹ ksw ksʧ kt ktf ktl ktɹ kw kz kɹ kʃ kʧ l lb ld ldf ldh ldl ldn ldɹ lf lg lgɹ lj lk lkj ll lm ln lp lpf lpl lptj ls lsh lsʍ lt ltj ltɹ lv lw lð lɹ lʤ lʧ lθ m mb mbl mbɹ mf mfl mft mfɹ mh mj ml mn mp mpj mpl mpt mptl mpɹ mpʃ mpʧ ms mst mt mw mz mɹ mʧ mθ n nb nbɹ nd ndj ndl ndm ndɹ nf nfj nfl nfɹ ng ngɹ nh nj nk nkl nkw nkɹ nl nm nn npl ns nsf nsj nskɹ nsl nsm nsp nst nstɹ nt ntl ntm ntɹ nv nw nz nzl nzp nɹ nʃ nʤ nʤm nʧ nθj p pj pl pm pt pw pɹ pʃ pʧ s sd sf sg sgɹ sj sk skj skl skɹ sl sm sn sp spj spl st stj stl stm stw stɹ sw sʧ t tb tf tj tl tm tn ts tsm tw tɹ v vj vl vm vn vɹ w z zb zd zj zl zm ð ðdɹ ðst ŋ ŋg ŋgj ŋgl ŋgw ŋgɹ ŋk ŋkt ŋkw ŋkʃ ŋkʧ ŋl ɹ ɹb ɹd ɹf ɹg ɹk ɹl ɹm ɹml ɹn ɹpl ɹs ɹsm ɹt ɹtl ɹv ɹʃ ɹʤ ɹʧ ɹθw ɾ ʃ ʃm ʃn ʤ ʤm ʤt ʧ ʧl ʧm θ θf θl θɹ
Word final consonants: b bd bl bz d dst dz f fs ft g gd gz k ks kst kt kts l ld ldz lf lk lm ls lt lts lv lvd lvz lz lθ m md mp mps mpt mz n nd ndz ns nst nt nts nz nʤ nʤd nʧ nθ p ps pt r rm s sk sp spt st sts t ts v vd vz z zd ð ðz ŋ ŋd ŋk ŋks ŋkt ŋz ɹ ɹd ɹdz ɹk ɹks ɹkt ɹm ɹmd ɹmz ɹn ɹnd ɹs ɹst ɹt ɹts ɹz ɹʃ ɹʧt ɹθ ʃ ʃt ʤ ʤd ʧ ʧt θ θs
Spelling rules:
| Pronunciation | Spelling |
|---|
| kw | qu |
| kt | cked / _# |
| k | c / !_{ɪ,i,ɛ,e,s} |
| oʊC₁ | oC₁e |
| uːC₁ | uC₁e / _# |
| eɪC₁ | aC₁e / _# |
| ð | th |
| θ | th |
| ʍ | wh |
| ŋg | ng |
| ŋk | nk |
| ŋ | ng |
| ʧ | ch |
| ʃ | sh |
| ɹ | r |
| z | s / _# |
| ju | u / C_ |
| cc | ck |
| c | k / _# |
| {t,d} | ed / C_# |
| aʊ | ow / _# |
| aʊ | ou |
| ɔɪ | oi |
| ɪə | ear |
| ɪ | y / _# |
| ɪ | i |
| ji | yi |
| j | y |
| iː | y / _# |
| yy | yi / _# |
| y | i / #_# |
| ʌ | u |
| iː | ee |
| oʊ | o |
| ʊ | oo |
| ɛ | e |
| ɑ(ː) | a |
| t | tt / æ_# |
| l | ll / æ_# |
| s | ss / æ_# |
| z | zz / æ_# |
| æ | a |
| ʤ | j / #_ |
| ʤ | ge / _# |
| ʤ | dg |
| ɜː | ur |
| ɔː | or |
| uː | u |
| quur | quir |
| eə | ere |
| ̯ | |
Grammar
Main word order: Subject (Prepositional phrase) Object Verb. “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into
Mary with a key the door opened.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: postpositions
Nouns
Nouns have six cases:
- Nominative is the doer of a verb: dog bites man.
- Accusative is the done-to of a verb: man bites dog.
- Genitive is the possessor of something: dog’s tail hits man.
- Dative is the recipient of something: man gives ball to dog.
- Locative is the location of something: man goes to town.
- Ablative is movement away from something: man walks from town.
| Nominative | No affix
reits /ɹeɪ̯ts/
dog (doing the verb)
|
| Accusative | Suffix -ɜːpt
reitsurped /ɹeɪ̯tˈsɜːpt/
(verb done to) dog
|
| Genitive | If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʧt
Else: Suffix -ɑːʧt
reitsached /ɹeɪ̯tˈsɑːʧt/
dogʼs
|
| Dative | Suffix -ɪg
reitsig /ɹeɪ̯tˈsɪg/
to (the/a) dog
|
| Locative | If ends with vowel: Suffix -nst
Else: Suffix -ɛnst
reitsensed /ɹeɪ̯tˈsɛnst/
near/at/by (the/a) dog
|
| Ablative | If ends with vowel: Suffix -bz
Else: Suffix -ɜːbz
reitsurbs /ɹeɪ̯tˈsɜːbz/
from (the/a) dog
|
| Masculine | Feminine |
|---|
| Singular | No affix
dai /daɪ̯/
man
| No affix
jubla /ʤʌˈblɑ/
woman
|
| Plural | If ends with vowel: Suffix -ŋk
Else: Suffix -æŋk
daingk /daɪ̯ŋk/
men
| If ends with vowel: Suffix -nt
Else: Suffix -eɪ̯nt
jublaned /ʤʌˈblɑnt/
women
|
Articles
| Definite | drou /dɹaʊ̯/
the
|
| Indefinite | snor /snɔː/
a, some
|
Uses of definite article that differ from English:
- Not used for mass (uncountable) nouns: ‘Walking in the mud’ would always translate to ‘Walking in mud’.
- Used for languages: ‘The English’
Uses of indefinite article that differ from English:
- Not used for non-specific countable nouns: non-specific means ‘I am looking for a (any) girl in a red dress’, whereas specific means ‘I am looking for a (particular) girl in a red dress’
Pronouns
| Nominative | Accusative | Genitive | Dative | Locative | Ablative |
|---|
| 1st singular | shibs /ʃɪbz/
I
| stro /stɹoʊ̯/
me
| neects /niːkts/
mine
| shrouved /ʃɹaʊ̯vd/
to me
| choined /ʧɔɪ̯nt/
at me
| thry /θɹiː/
from me
|
| 2nd singular | strur /stɹɜː/
you
| earms /ɪə̯mz/
you
| glo /gloʊ̯/
yours
| bou /baʊ̯/
to you
| ei /eɪ̯/
at you
| cai /kaɪ̯/
from you
|
| 3rd singular masc | squou /skwaʊ̯/
he, it
| poun /paʊ̯n/
him, it
| feled /fɛlt/
his, its
| ou /aʊ̯/
to him, at it
| thy /ðiː/
at him, at it
| dei /deɪ̯/
from him, from it
|
| 3rd singular fem | ulv /uːlv/
she, it
| whege /ʍɛʤ/
her, it
| lor /lɔː/
hers, its
| pas /pɑːs/
to her, at it
| oodsed /ʊdst/
at her, at it
| grourcked /gɹaʊ̯ɹkt/
from her, from it
|
| 1st plural inclusive | blalk /blɑlk/
we (including you)
| roocked /ɹʊkt/
us (including you)
| scru /skɹuː/
ours (including you)
| chords /ʧɔːdz/
to us (including you)
| squa /skwɑ/
at us (including you)
| bereds /bɛə̯dz/
from us (including you)
|
| 1st plural exclusive | bleardsed /blɪə̯dst/
we (excluding you)
| cru /kɹuː/
us (excluding you)
| thei /θeɪ̯/
ours (excluding you)
| shraned /ʃɹænt/
to us (excluding you)
| ur /ɜː/
at us (excluding you)
| o /oʊ̯/
from us (excluding you)
|
| 2nd plural | or /ɔː/
you all
| mur /mɜː/
you all
| fleched /flɛʧt/
yours (pl)
| crear /kɹɪə̯/
to you all
| ear /ɪə̯/
at you all
| houvs /haʊ̯vz/
from you all
|
| 3rd plural masc | ro /ɹoʊ̯/
they (masc)
| ca /kɑ/
them (masc)
| teret /tɛə̯t/
theirs (masc)
| dorm /doʊ̯rm/
to them (masc)
| pou /paʊ̯/
at them (masc)
| vear /vɪə̯/
from them (masc)
|
| 3rd plural fem | snasped /snɑspt/
they (fem)
| ai /aɪ̯/
them (fem)
| i /iː/
theirs (fem)
| spurlved /spɜːlvd/
to them (fem)
| oi /ɔɪ̯/
at them (fem)
| cleems /kliːmz/
from them (fem)
|
Possessive determiners
| 1st singular | i /iː/
my
|
| 2nd singular | brans /bɹɑnz/
your
|
| 3rd singular masc | ened /ɛnt/
his
|
| 3rd singular fem | froi /fɹɔɪ̯/
her
|
| 1st plural inclusive | swurlved /swɜːlvd/
our (including you)
|
| 1st plural exclusive | herev /hɛə̯v/
our (excluding you)
|
| 2nd plural | urds /ʌɹdz/
your (pl)
|
| 3rd plural masc | feicked /feɪ̯kt/
their (masc)
|
| 3rd plural fem | vur /vɜː/
their (fem)
|
Verbs
Thordvurngen uses a standalone particle word for past tense:
| Past | Particle before the verb: stɹiː -
stry thai /stɹiː ðaɪ̯/
learned
|
Thordvurngen uses a standalone particle word for future tense:
| Future | Particle before the verb: faɪ̯l -
fail thai /faɪ̯l ðaɪ̯/
will learn
|
Numbers
Thordvurngen has a base-20 number system:
1 -
tereched
2 -
blou
3 -
slaingk
4 -
horped
5 -
scril
6 -
swor
7 -
taif
8 -
poosteengs
9 -
da
10 -
tur
11 -
meeaiy
12 -
bresp
13 -
bluths
14 -
aks
15 -
fat
16 -
nad
17 -
ersed
18 -
breef
19 -
vark
20 -
fanged
21 -
fangedtereched “twenty-one”
400 -
thai “fourhundred”
401 -
thai tereched “fourhundred one”
800 -
blou thai “two fourhundred”
8000 -
snid “eightthousand”
Derivational morphology
Adjective → adverb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -nz
Else: Suffix -ɑnz
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Suffix -eɪ̯ns
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Suffix -eɪ̯
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -sp
Else: Suffix -ɔːsp
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -f
Else: Suffix -aɪ̯f
Noun to verb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -nt
Else: Suffix -ɜːnt
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -f
Else: Suffix -ɛf
Tending to = If ends with vowel: Suffix -nst
Else: Suffix -ɑːnst
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ŋk
Else: Suffix -ɜːŋk
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Suffix -ɛs
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Suffix -ɔːft
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Suffix -ɛvd
Diminutive = Suffix -aɪ̯n
Augmentative = Suffix -ɛə̯ŋkt
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