Havairu* (Old Vairuvand)

LANGUAGE FAMILY: SINNUTIAN
PERIOD OF USE:
SCRIPT USED:
PARENT LANGUAGE:
DESCENDANT LANGUAGES: VAIRUVAND

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"...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind..."
Translation: tu fla ha greu beinha bru tu spa greu tof cev flei loe
Pronunciation: /tu flaː ha greu ˈbeinha bru tu spaː greu tof kew ˈfleːi loe
Havairu word order: and stood holding hat his he and turned his face wet the wind to

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: /b d dˤ f fː g h j k kʷ kː l lː m mː n nː p pː q r rː s sː sˤ t tː tˤ w x z ð ħ ŋ ɣ ʃ ʋ ʔ ʕ ʤ θ/

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Dental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Pharyngeal	Glottal
Nasal	m mː			n nː			ŋ
Stop	p pː b			t tː tˤ d dˤ			k kʷ kː g	q		ʔ
Affricate					ʤ
Fricative		f fː	θ ð	s sː sˤ z	ʃ		x ɣ		ħ ʕ	h
Approximant		ʋ				j
Trill				r rː
Lateral approximant				l lː

Co-articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Labial-velar
Approximant	w

Vowel inventory: /a ae au aː e ei eu eː i io iu iː o oe oː u ui uː/
Diphthongs: ae, au, ei, eu, io, iu, oe, ui

	Front	Back
High	i iː	u uː
High-mid	e eː	o oː
Low	a aː

Syllable structure: Custom defined
Stress pattern: No fixed stress
Word initial consonants: b, br, d, f, fl, fr, g, gl, gr, h, k, kl, kr, kʷ, l, m, n, p, pl, pr, r, s, sk, sp, st, t, tr, w
Mid-word consonants: b, d, f, fː, h, hd, hj, hk, hm, ht, hʋ, j, k, ks, kː, l, lh, lj, lk, ll, lm, lp, lpː, lt, ltː, lʋ, lː, m, mp, mpː, mː, n, nh, np, nr, ns, nsː, nt, ntː, nː, p, ps, pt, pː, r, rh, rj, rk, rkː, rm, rp, rst, rt, rʋ, rː, s, sk, st, sː, t, tk, tn, ts, tː, ŋk, ŋkː, ʋ
Word final consonants: N/A
Phonological changes (in order of application):

• p → w / V_V
• t → s / _{k,q}

Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
kʷ	qu
ks	x
k	c
w	v
ː

Grammar

Main word order: Verb Object (Prepositional phrase) Subject.
"Mary opened the door with a key" turns into Opened the door with a key Mary.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned after the noun.
Adposition: postpositions

Nouns

Nouns have six cases:

• Nominative is the doer of a verb: dog bites man.
• Accusative is the done-to of a verb: man bites dog.
• Genitive is the possessor of something: dog’s tail hits man.
• Dative is the recipeint of something: man gives ball to dog.
• Locative is the location of something: man goes to town.
• Ablative is movement away from something: man walks from town.

Nominative	No affix cel /kel/ dog (doing the verb)
Accusative	If ends with vowel: Suffix -z Else: Suffix -uz celuz /keˈluz/ (verb done to) dog
Genitive	Suffix -e cele /keˈle/ dogʼs
Dative	If ends with vowel: Suffix -r Else: Suffix -ior celior /keˈlior/ to (the/a) dog
Locative	If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʔ Else: Suffix -oʔ celoʔ /ˈkeloʔ/ near/at/by (the/a) dog
Ablative	If ends with vowel: Suffix -k Else: Suffix -aek celaec /ˈkelaek/ from (the/a) dog

	Masculine	Feminine
Singular	If ends with vowel: Suffix -n Else: Suffix -oːn pren /pren/ man	If ends with vowel: Suffix -ð Else: Suffix -iːð freθið /ˈfreθiːð/ woman
Plural	No affix pre /pre/ men	No affix freθ /freθ/ women

Articles

	Definite	Indefinite
Singular	po /po/ the	mu /muː/ a
Plural	e /e/ the	praj /praj/ some

Pronouns

	Nominative	Accusative	Genitive	Dative	Locative	Ablative
1st singular	queʃ /kʷeːʃ/ I	o /o/ me	ce /ke/ mine	i /iː/ to me	criul /kriul/ at me	bre /bre/ from me
2nd singular	feʕ /feːʕ/ you (masc)	loe /loe/ you	greur /greur/ yours	crioʤ /krioʤ/ to you	grio /grio/ at you	greið /greið/ from you
3rd singular masc	bru /bru/ he, it	sov /soːw/ him, it	greu /greu/ his, its	prul /prul/ to him, at it	a /a/ at him, at it	cri /kri/ from him, from it
3rd singular fem	glio /glio/ she, it	clu /kluː/ her, it	cadˤ /kadˤ/ hers, its	braʃ /braʃ/ to her, at it	pre /pre/ at her, at it	raeθ /raeθ/ from her, from it
1st plural inclusive	criux /kriux/ we (including you)	ci /ki/ us (including you)	nui /nui/ ours (including you)	liuɣ /liuɣ/ to us (including you)	quetˤ /kʷeːtˤ/ at us (including you)	ca /ka/ from us (including you)
1st plural exclusive	crioh /krioh/ we (excluding you)	pi /piː/ us (excluding you)	pro /pro/ ours (excluding you)	saeb /saeb/ to us (excluding you)	feʃ /feːʃ/ at us (excluding you)	gaeʕ /gaeʕ/ from us (excluding you)
2nd plural	cre /kre/ you all	neir /neir/ you all	gloe /gloe/ yours (pl)	leu /leu/ to you all	plo /plo/ at you all	meh /meːh/ from you all
3rd plural masc	u /u/ they (masc)	criuʃ /kriuʃ/ them (masc)	e /e/ theirs (masc)	trio /trio/ to them (masc)	he /he/ at them (masc)	clo /kloː/ from them (masc)
3rd plural fem	i /i/ they (fem)	ra /raː/ them (fem)	groe /groe/ theirs (fem)	aʃ /aʃ/ to them (fem)	stau /stau/ at them (fem)	a /aː/ from them (fem)

Possessive determiners

1st singular	ce /ke/ my
2nd singular	greur /greur/ your
3rd singular masc	greu /greu/ his
3rd singular fem	cadˤ /kadˤ/ her
1st plural inclusive	nui /nui/ our (including you)
1st plural exclusive	pro /pro/ our (excluding you)
2nd plural	gloe /gloe/ your (pl)
3rd plural masc	e /e/ their (masc)
3rd plural fem	groe /groe/ their (fem)

Verbs

Present	No affix groe /groe/ learn
Past	If ends with vowel: Suffix -d Else: Suffix -iod groed /groed/ learned

Havairu uses a standalone particle word for future tense:

Future

Particle before the verb: neuf - neuf groe /neuf groe/ will learn

Perfect aspect
The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.
Havairu uses an affix for the perfect aspect:

Perfect

Suffix -ob groeob /ˈgroeob/ have learned

Numbers

Havairu has a base-10 number system:
1 - glio
2 - queʕ
3 - ac
4 - troe
5 - fa
6 - fra
7 - e
8 - pli
9 - fo
10 - fli
11 - fliglio “ten-one”
100 - glio sautˤ “one hundred”
101 - glio sautˤ tu glio “one hundred and one”
200 - queʕ sautˤ
1000 - glio cex “one thousand”

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = Suffix -o
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Suffix -iːtˤ
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Suffix -ui
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʃ Else: Suffix -aːʃ
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʕ Else: Suffix -iuʕ
Noun to verb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ħ Else: Suffix -euħ
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -sˤ Else: Suffix -isˤ
Tending to = If ends with vowel: Suffix -s Else: Suffix -oes
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -tˤ Else: Suffix -iːtˤ
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Suffix -e
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Suffix -a
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Suffix -on
Diminutive = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʤ Else: Suffix -eːʤ
Augmentative = If ends with vowel: Suffix -r Else: Suffix -oer

Dictionary

4475 Words.