Pre-Ur Proto-language

basically pie

Phonology

Consonants

	Bilabial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar
Nasal	*m	*n
Stop	*p	*t		*k
Fricative	*ɸ	*s	*ç	*x
Trill		*r
Approximant	*w	*l	*j

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
High	i, i:		u, u:
Mid		ə, ə:
Low			ɑ, ɑ:

Diphthongs and Triphthongs

ai, aiə, au, auə, əi, əiə, ia, iau, iə, iu, ua, uai, ui, uiə

Allophony

• /n/ is velarized to [ŋ] before the velar consonants /k/ and /x/
• /n/ is palatalized to [ɲ] before the palatal consonants /ç/ and /j/, as well as before /i/
• Nasals assimilate to following point of articulation except in regard to /s/
• /ç/ is depalatalized to [ʃ] before the bilabial consonants /m/ and /p/
• /ç/ is universally depalatalized to [ʃ] in certain dialects as well.
• /l/ is realized as [ɾ] between vowels
• /l/ is velarized as [ɫ] when the nucleus or coda of a syllable
• /s/ is voiced as [z] when followed by a voiced consonant
• /ə:/ is usually backed to [ʌ:]
• /əi/ and /əiə/ are usually fronted and heightened to [ei] and [eiə] respectively.
• ?/ɑ/ is fronted to [a] in certain contexts (where???)

Phonotactics

• Basic syllable structure: (CV, diphthong/triphthong, N, l, s}(N, P, s)
• onset may be any single consonant
• nucleus may be a vowel or allowed diphthong or triphthong, as well as any nasal, /l/, or /s/.
• coda may be any nasal, any stop, or /s/
• /s/ cannot be the coda when the nucleus is /l/

Stress is on the first syllable, unless the first syllable does not contain a vowel, in which case stress is on the second syllable.

• Nasals, stops, and /s/ may geminate; other consonants do not
• Fricatives cannot follow other fricatives
• Approximants cannot follow other approximants
• Approximants cannot precede or follow /r/

Romanization

• ɸ = f
• ç = c
• j = y
• ɑ = a
• ə = e
• ɑ: = aa
• ə: = ee
• i: = ii
• u: = uu

All other characters represent their IPA values.

Syntax

VSO

Dictionary

15 Words.

Successor Languages

• Ur Civ Proto-Language