Holy Tongue Zhukhote: The Faith Tongue

Natively known as: zhukhote /ʒuˈxote/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
a mo doo mee dapa ri a mee tsomo che̊e̊ e̊ wawːbe̊e̊ bawː
Pronunciation: /a mo doː meː ˈdapa ri a meː ˈʦomo ʧɛː ɛ ˈwɔːbɛː bɔː/
Zhukhoten word order: and he stood his hat holding and his wet face turned the wind to

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: b d f h k l m n p r s t v w x z ħ ɣ ɲ ɸ ʃ ʒ ʣ ʤ ʦ ʧ

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Pharyngeal	Glottal
Nasal	m		n		ɲ
Stop	b p		t d			k
Affricate			ʦ ʣ	ʧ ʤ
Fricative	ɸ	f v	s z	ʃ ʒ		x ɣ	ħ	h
Trill			r
Lateral approximant			l

Co-articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Labial-velar
Approximant	w

Vowel inventory: a aː e eː i iː o oː u uː ɔ ɔː ɛ ɛː

	Front	Back
High	i iː	uː u
High-mid	e eː	o oː
Low-mid	ɛ ɛː	ɔ ɔː
Low	a aː

Syllable structure: (C)V ?
Stress pattern: Penultimate — stress is on the second last syllable ?
Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
ɛ	e̊
ɔ	aw
ʒ	zh
ʃ	sh
ʤ	j
ʧ	ch
ʣ	dz
ɸ	ph
ħ	h̨
ɲ	ny
ʦ	ts
x	kh
ɣ	gh
Vː	VV

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Grammar

Main word order: Subject Object Verb (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary the door opened with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: postpositions ?

Nouns

Nouns have two cases:

• Nominative is the doer of a verb: dog bites man.
• Accusative is the done-to of a verb: man bites dog.

Nominative	Prefix lu- luphu /ˈluɸu/ dog (doing the verb)
Accusative	Prefix tiː- tiiphu /ˈtiːɸu/ (verb done to) dog

	Singular	Plural
Definite	Prefix fi- fiphu /ˈfiɸu/ the dog	Prefix ɸi- phiphu /ˈɸiɸu/ the dogs
Indefinite	Prefix ħe- h̨ephu /ˈħeɸu/ a dog	Prefix tɔ- tawphu /ˈtɔɸu/ some dogs

Articles

Zhukhoten encodes definite article ‘the’, and indefinite article ‘a’ in noun affixes. See Noun section.

Pronouns

	Nominative	Accusative
1st singular	ne̊ /nɛ/ I	ne /ne/ me
2nd singular	joo /ʤoː/ you	so /so/ you
3rd singular masc	mo /mo/ he, it (masc)	she /ʃe/ his, it (masc)
3rd singular fem	e̊ /ɛ/ she, it (fem)	mi /mi/ her, it (fem)
1st plural	ve̊ /vɛ/ we	roo /roː/ us
2nd plural	ghuu /ɣuː/ you all	nee /neː/ you all
3rd plural	ta /ta/ they	naa /naː/ them

Possessive determiners

	Possessive
1st singular	ne̊ /nɛ/ my
2nd singular	oo /oː/ your
3rd singular masc	mee /meː/ his
3rd singular fem	ree /reː/ her
1st plural	we̊e̊ /wɛː/ our
2nd plural	h̨aa /ħaː/ your (pl)
3rd plural	shee /ʃeː/ their

Verbs

	Present	Past
Singular	Prefix fi- finanawː /fiˈnanɔː/ (I/you/he/she/it) learn(s)	Prefix mi- minanawː /miˈnanɔː/ (I/you/he/she/it) learned
Plural	Prefix vɛ- ve̊nanawː /vɛˈnanɔː/ (we/you all/they) learn	Prefix dɔː- dawːnanawː /dɔːˈnanɔː/ (we/you all/they) learned

Zhukhoten uses a standalone particle word for future tense:

Future

Particle before the verb: a - a nanawː /a ˈnanɔː/ will learn

Perfect aspect

The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.
Zhukhoten uses an affix for the perfect aspect:

Perfect

Prefix ri- rinanawː /riˈnanɔː/ have learned

Numbers

Zhukhoten has a base-10 number system:
1 - e̊e̊
2 - bee
3 - ki
4 - ghaa
5 - ko
6 - hee
7 - no
8 - lawno
9 - talee
10 - aa
100 - kaa
1000 - dzoo

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = Prefix ħiː-
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Prefix re-
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Prefix ɣɔ-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Prefix me-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Prefix bo-
Noun to verb = Prefix wɔː-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Prefix wiː-
Tending to = Prefix ʃe-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Prefix hɛː-
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Prefix voː-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Prefix huː-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Prefix ko-
Diminutive = Prefix ʤeː-
Augmentative = Prefix li-

As Above So Below As Within So Without Logo by Khali A. Crawford

Grandmaster SixPathsSage

Khali Crawford

   

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Dictionary

3033 Words.