Holy Tongue Tawkmus: The Truth Tongue

Natively known as: tawkmus /tɔkˈmus/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
gaw la sawgkip sawsh mawme kip gaw sawsh gochmap mil toawng ikchu shig
Pronunciation: /gɔ la sɔgˈkip sɔʃ mɔˈme kip gɔ sɔʃ gəʧˈmap mil təˈɔŋ ikˈʧu ʃig/
Tawkmusian word order: and he stood his hat holding and his wet face turned the wind to

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: b d f g j k l m p s t ŋ ʂ ʃ ʔ ʧ

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m						ŋ
Stop	p b		d t				g k	ʔ
Affricate				ʧ
Fricative		f	s	ʃ	ʂ
Approximant						j
Lateral approximant			l

Vowel inventory: a e i u ɔ ə

	Front	Central	Back
High	i		u
High-mid	e
Mid		ə
Low-mid			ɔ
Low	a

Syllable structure: (C)V(C) ?
Stress pattern: Ultimate — stress is on the last syllable ?
Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
ə	o
ɔ	aw
j	y
ʃ	sh
ŋ	ng
ʧ	ch
ʂ	ṣ
ʔ	ʻ

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Grammar

Main word order: Subject Object Verb (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary the door opened with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: postpositions ?

Nouns

Nouns have five cases:

• Nominative is the doer of a verb: dog bites man.
• Accusative is the done-to of a verb: man bites dog.
• Genitive is the possessor of something: dog’s tail hits man.
• Dative is the recipient of something: man gives ball to dog.
• Locative is the location of something: man is in town.

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	Suffix -əs magsaos /magsaˈəs/ dog (doing the verb)	If ends with vowel: Suffix -p Else: Suffix -ap magsap /magˈsap/ dogs (doing the verb)
Accusative	If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʧ Else: Suffix -ɔʧ magsach /magˈsaʧ/ (verb done to) the/a dog	Suffix -u magsau /magsaˈu/ (verb done to) dogs
Genitive	If ends with vowel: Suffix -ta Else: Suffix -ata magsata /magsaˈta/ dogʼs	If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʂ Else: Suffix -ɔʂ magsaṣ /magˈsaʂ/ dogsʼ
Dative	Suffix -ɔʃ magsaawsh /magsaˈɔʃ/ to the/a dog	If ends with vowel: Suffix -psi Else: Suffix -ɔpsi magsapsi /magsapˈsi/ to dogs
Locative	Suffix -ug magsaug /magsaˈug/ near/at/by the/a dog	Suffix -e magsae /magsaˈe/ near/at/by dogs

Articles

	Definite	Indefinite
Singular	mud /mud/ the	ga /ga/ a
Plural	gag /gag/ the	suk /suk/ some

Uses of definite article that differ from English:

• Used for personal names in third person: ‘The Maria has left for school’
• Used with place names: ‘The London’

Pronouns

	Nominative	Accusative	Genitive	Dative	Locative
1st singular	awch /ɔʧ/ I	ka /ka/ me	i /i/ mine	o /ə/ to me	cho /ʧə/ to me
2nd singular	shawk /ʃɔk/ you	fiṣ /fiʂ/ you	kawm /kɔm/ yours	feg /feg/ to you	ge /ge/ to you
3rd singular masc	la /la/ he, it (masc)	me /me/ his, it (masc)	ga /ga/ his, its (masc)	shiṣ /ʃiʂ/ to his, to it (masc)	kash /kaʃ/ to his, to it (masc)
3rd singular fem	go /gə/ she, it (fem)	giṣ /giʂ/ her, it (fem)	shi /ʃi/ hers, its (fem)	ik /ik/ to her, to it (fem)	kus /kus/ to her, to it (fem)
1st plural	fa /fa/ we	mik /mik/ us	lawl /lɔl/ ours	ki /ki/ to us	tuch /tuʧ/ to us
2nd plural	taw /tɔ/ you all	u /u/ you all	kip /kip/ yours (pl)	tawch /tɔʧ/ to you all	su /su/ to you all
3rd plural	a /a/ they	chawm /ʧɔm/ them	lak /lak/ theirs	saṣ /saʂ/ to them	lag /lag/ to them

Possessive determiners

	Possessive
1st singular	cha /ʧa/ my
2nd singular	sha /ʃa/ your
3rd singular masc	sawsh /sɔʃ/ his
3rd singular fem	law /lɔ/ her
1st plural	kaw /kɔ/ our
2nd plural	ong /əŋ/ your (pl)
3rd plural	sa /sa/ their

Verbs

	Present	Past
1st singular	If ends with vowel: Suffix -gu Else: Suffix -egu teplagu /teplaˈgu/ (I) learn	Suffix -ə teplao /teplaˈə/ (I) learned
2nd singular	Suffix -ɔm teplaawm /teplaˈɔm/ (you) learn	Suffix -ɔ teplaaw /teplaˈɔ/ (you) learned
3rd singular	Suffix -i teplai /teplaˈi/ (he/she/it) learns	If ends with vowel: Suffix -ŋbu Else: Suffix -uŋbu teplangbu /teplaŋˈbu/ (he/she/it) learned
1st plural	Suffix -a teplaa /teplaˈa/ (we) learn	If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʃla Else: Suffix -uʃla teplashla /teplaˈʃla/ (we) learned
2nd plural	If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʃ Else: Suffix -aʃ teplash /teˈplaʃ/ (you all) learn	If ends with vowel: Suffix -b Else: Suffix -ab teplab /teˈplab/ (you all) learned
3rd plural	If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʧma Else: Suffix -eʧma teplachma /teplaʧˈma/ (they) learn	If ends with vowel: Suffix -k Else: Suffix -ak teplak /teˈplak/ (they) learned

Tawkmusian uses a standalone particle word for future tense:

Future

Particle before the verb: ʃiʧ - shich tepla /ʃiʧ teˈpla/ will learn

Imperfective aspect

The ‘imperfective’ aspect refers to ongoing actions, such as I am learning and habitual actions, such as I learn (something new every day).
Tawkmusian uses an affix for imperfective:

Imperfective

Suffix -ɔʧ teplaawch /teplaˈɔʧ/ learn

Perfect aspect

The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.
Tawkmusian uses an affix for the perfect aspect:

Perfect

If ends with vowel: Suffix -d Else: Suffix -ud teplad /teˈplad/ have learned

Numbers

Tawkmusian has a base-10 number system:
1 - sod
2 - me
3 - gash
4 - o
5 - fip
6 - aw
7 - ak
8 - ge
9 - shu
10 - fa
100 - ach
1000 - moṣ

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = Suffix -ib
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʃ
Else: Suffix -uʃ
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʧ
Else: Suffix -iʧ
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Suffix -a
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Suffix -ək
Noun to verb = Suffix -ə
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -g
Else: Suffix -ag
Tending to = Suffix -ɔb
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Suffix -ɔl
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -g
Else: Suffix -ɔg
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -m
Else: Suffix -am
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Suffix -ə
Diminutive = Suffix -i
Augmentative = Suffix -u

As Above So Below As Within So Without Logo by Khali A. Crawford

Grandmaster SixPathsSage

Khali Crawford

   

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Dictionary

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