Vallosan

The language of the Vallosan empire has managed to survive thousands of years passed down through the generations of Yuan-ti who survived the sinking of the Vallosan Empire all those years ago. In the seven years since the Yuan-ti have stepped into the light many of the larger universities of Ronia have begun to teach the language. In turn many artifacts that have been found over the last few centuries have become much easier to identify given many of them were from the Vallosan Empire era, particularly around the Yearning Expanse which used to sit the Yuan-ti's great empire.

Natively known as: Duolpa /ˈdwolpɐ/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
che pro lir le quo quijmãor che com quo mais monhs bins benis
Pronunciation: /ʃe pɾo liɾ le kwɔ ˈkwiʒmɐ̃w̃ʁ ʃe kõ kwɔ mɐjʃ mɔɲʃ bĩs bẽjs/
Vallosan word order: and he stood holding hat his and turned his face wet to the wind

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: b d f g j k l m n p s t v w z ɲ ɾ ʁ ʃ ʎ ʒ

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvular
Nasal	m		n		ɲ
Stop	p b		d t			k g
Fricative		v f	s z	ʒ ʃ			ʁ
Approximant					j
Tap			ɾ
Lateral approximant			l		ʎ

Co-articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Labial-velar
Approximant	w

Vowel inventory: a e ẽ i ĩ o õ u ũ ɐ ɐ̃ ɐ̃w̃ ɔ ɛ ɨ
Diphthongs: ɐ̃w̃ ?

	Front	Central	Back
High	i ĩ	ɨ	u ũ
High-mid	e ẽ		o õ
Low-mid	ɛ		ɔ
Near-low		ɐ ɐ̃
Low	a

Syllable structure: Custom defined ?
Stress pattern: Initial — stress is on the first syllable ?
Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
kw	qu
k	qu / _{i,e,ɛ}
k	c
ʎ	lh
j	i
ʒ	j
ɾ	r
ʁ	r
ʃ	s / _#
ʃ	s / _C
ʃ	ch
ɲ	nh
ɐ̃w̃	ão
w	u
ɨ	e
ɛ	e
ɔ	o
ĩ	im / _#
ĩ	im / _{p,b}
ĩ	in
ũ	um / _#
ũ	um / _{p,b}
ũ	un
ẽ	em / _#
ẽ	em / _{p,b}
ẽ	en
ɐ̃	am / _#
ɐ̃	am / _{p,b}
ɐ̃	an
ɐ	a
õ	om / _#
õ	im / _{p,b}
õ	on

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Grammar

Main word order: Subject Verb Object (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary opened the door with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned after the noun.
Adposition: prepositions ?

Nouns

	Masculine	Feminine
Singular	No affix maus /mawʃ/ boy	No affix se /se/ girl
Plural	If starts with vowel: Prefix fl- Else: Prefix fli- flimaus /ˈflimawʃ/ boys	Prefix ɔ- ose /ˈɔse/ girls

Articles

Vallosan has no definite article ‘the’, or indefinite article ‘a’.

Pronouns

	Nominative	Accusative
1st singular	quam /kwɐ̃/ I	crei /kɾej/ me
2nd singular	seis /sɨjs/ you	rienr /ʁjẽʁ/ you
3rd singular masc	pro /pɾo/ he, it (masc)	fre /fɾe/ his, it (masc)
3rd singular fem	ru /ʁu/ she, it (fem)	flum /flũ/ her, it (fem)
1st plural inclusive	vas /vɐʃ/ we (including you)	ja /ʒa/ us (including you)
1st plural exclusive	pi /pi/ we (excluding you)	duom /dwõ/ us (excluding you)
2nd plural	tom /tõ/ you all	jinis /ʒĩjʃ/ you all
3rd plural masc	nunhs /nuɲʃ/ they (masc)	fram /fɾɐ̃/ them (masc)
3rd plural fem	di /di/ they (fem)	suis /sujʃ/ them (fem)

Possessive determiners

	Possessive
1st singular	num /nũ/ my
2nd singular	cha /ʃɐ/ your
3rd singular masc	quo /kwɔ/ his
3rd singular fem	com /kõ/ her
1st plural inclusive	pi /pi/ our (including you)
1st plural exclusive	re /ʁɛ/ our (excluding you)
2nd plural	plenh /pleɲ/ your (pl)
3rd plural masc	ce /kɨ/ their (masc)
3rd plural fem	de /dɛ/ their (fem)

Verbs

Present	No affix re /ʁe/ learn
Past	Prefix dwɨ- duere /ˈdwɨʁe/ learned
Remote past	If starts with vowel: Prefix vj- Else: Prefix vju- viure /ˈvjuʁe/ learned (long ago)
Future	If starts with vowel: Prefix s- Else: Prefix sa- sare /ˈsaʁe/ will learn

Perfect aspect

The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.
Vallosan uses the word for ‘finish’ vianu for the perfect aspect.

Numbers

Vallosan has a base-20 number system:
1 - flani
2 - brer
3 - vo
4 - o
5 - vuns
6 - lhir
7 - duem
8 - senh
9 - priu
10 - ver
11 - dens
12 - losi
13 - ria
14 - genhs
15 - quenhs
16 - fra
17 - mu
18 - bruns
19 - bem
20 - finnh
400 - plum
8000 - mo

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = If starts with vowel: Prefix v-
Else: Prefix vo-
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix aɾ-
Else: Prefix aɾɨ-
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix kl-
Else: Prefix klɐ-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -sɛ
Else: Suffix -ɔsɛ
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -w
Else: Suffix -ẽw
Noun to verb = Suffix -õ
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Suffix -ɐ
Tending to = Suffix -ĩ
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Suffix -ɛ
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Suffix -a
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Prefix i-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ɲʃ
Else: Suffix -uɲʃ
Diminutive = If starts with vowel: Prefix n-
Else: Prefix na-
Augmentative = Suffix -iʃ

Dictionary

3042 Words.