11. Death

A character is unconscious and incapable of taking actions at 0 HP. Beyond 0 HP you are unstable and will bleed/take 1 additional damage until you reach -10 HP unless you are stabilized, healed or regenerate. A character is dead when they reach negative 10 hit points. Healing will not help them anymore. For general guidelines and if it makes sense, the body is functionally destroyed at negative max HP. However, for powerful adventurers, death is not the final obstacle.
The Raise Dead spell will return a character to life but at 1 hit point. This spell can be cast in one round. The body must be whole. Any missing parts remain missing. Any poisons or other maledictions that were affecting the recipient before death will still be there. The recipient of the spell requires rest for a full day after casting and cannot fight or spellcast effectively until they have rested. The body cannot be older than caster level in days dead. Lowers Constitution score of target for purposes of resurrection by 1.
Resurrection will return character to life at full vitality and no level lost. A body is still required, but it need not be whole. The body cannot be older than 10 years per caster level dead. Lowers Con score of target for purposes of resurrection by 1.
Reincarnation will bring the recipient back in another body. There are no major drawbacks, aside from not knowing if you will have hands; risking reincarnating into something that amuses the DM and fellow players is punishment enough. Does not lower resurrection counter since you get a new body and quite possibly new stats. Level remains intact. Have you ever wanted to play a level 18 fighter Duck?
XP Penalty for Dying: There is no XP penalty for dying or being Resurrected. You do not however gain any additional XP while dead.