Draconic - Gysti

Natively known as: gysˈti /gisˈti/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
my bru zrad woˈwe bru raz my zu bru unegˈha lyn wu hik
Pronunciation: /mi bru zrad woˈwe bru raz mi zu bru unegˈha lin wu hik/
Draconic word order: and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: b c d f g h j k l m n r s t v w x z

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m		n
Stop	b		t d	c	k g
Fricative		f v	s z		x	h
Approximant				j
Trill			r
Lateral approximant			l

Co-articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Labial-velar
Approximant	w

Vowel inventory: a e i o u y

	Front	Back
High	i y	u
High-mid	e	o
Low	a

Syllable structure: Custom defined ?
Stress pattern: Ultimate — stress is on the last syllable ?
Sound changes (in order of application):

• y → i
• u → e / k_
• o → u / _t
• w → ∅ / _r

Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
θ	th
j	y
x	kh
ð	dh
ʃ	sh
sˤ	ş
dˤ	ḑ
tˤ	ţ
ɣ	gh
ħ	ḩ
aː	ā
iː	ī
uː	ū

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Grammar

Main word order: Subject Verb Object (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary opened the door with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: prepositions ?

Nouns

Nouns have five cases:

• Nominative is the doer of a verb: dog bites man.
• Accusative is the done-to of a verb: man bites dog.
• Genitive is the possessor of something: dog’s tail hits man.
• Dative is the recipient of something: man gives ball to dog.
• Locative is the location of something: man is in town.

Nominative	No affix bunth /bunth/ dog (doing the verb)
Accusative	Prefix va- vaˈbunth /vaˈbunth/ (verb done to) dog
Genitive	If starts with vowel: Prefix f- Else: Prefix fu- fuˈbunth /fuˈbunth/ dogʼs
Dative	If starts with vowel: Prefix r- Else: Prefix ra- raˈbunth /raˈbunth/ to (the/a) dog
Locative	If starts with vowel: Prefix f- Else: Prefix fe- feˈbunth /feˈbunth/ near/at/by (the/a) dog

	Singular	Plural
Definite	Prefix li- liˈbunth /liˈbunth/ the dog	Prefix ma- maˈbunth /maˈbunth/ the dogs
Indefinite	Prefix a- aˈbunth /aˈbunth/ a dog	No affix bunth /bunth/ some dogs

Articles

Draconic encodes definite article ‘the’, and indefinite article ‘a’ in noun affixes. See Noun section.

Pronouns

	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
1st person	zrath /zrath/ I (masc), me (masc), mine (masc), we (masc), us (masc), ours (masc)	bast /bast/ I (fem), me (fem), mine (fem), we (fem), us (fem), ours (fem)	bur /bur/ I (neut), me (neut), mine (neut), we (neut), us (neut), ours (neut)
2nd person	re /re/ you (masc), you all (masc), yours (masc)	gad /gad/ you (fem), you all (fem), yours (fem)	ya /ja/ you (neut), you all (neut), yours (neut)
3rd person	bru /bru/ he, him, his, it (masc), its (masc), they (masc), them (masc), theirs (masc)	yon /jon/ she, her, hers, it (fem), its (fem), they (fem), them (fem), theirs (fem)	bri /bri/ it (neut), its (neut), they (neut), them (neut), theirs (neut)

Possessive determiners

	Possessive
1st singular	zrath /zrath/ my
2nd singular	re /re/ your
3rd singular masc	bru /bru/ his
3rd singular fem	yon /jon/ her
1st plural	zrath /zrath/ our
2nd plural	yoˈurs (pl) /ioˈurs (pl)/ your (pl)
3rd plural	bru /bru/ their

Verbs

	Present	Past	Remote past
1st person	Prefix a- aˈwrad /aˈrad/ (I/we) learn	Prefix ju- yuˈwrad /juˈrad/ (I/we) learned	If starts with vowel: Prefix g- Else: Prefix gy- gyˈwrad /giˈrad/ (I/we) learned (long ago)
2nd person	Prefix hi- hiˈwrad /hiˈrad/ (you/you all) learn	Prefix che- cheˈwrad /cheˈrad/ (you/you all) learned	Prefix y- yˈwrad /iˈrad/ (you/you all) learned (long ago)
3rd person	Prefix bo- boˈwrad /boˈrad/ (he/she/it/they) learn	If starts with vowel: Prefix br- Else: Prefix bra- braˈwrad /braˈrad/ (he/she/it/they) learned	Prefix o- oˈwrad /oˈrad/ (he/she/it/they) learned (long ago)

Draconic uses a standalone particle word for future tense:

Future

Particle before the verb: fre - fre wrad /fre rad/ will learn

Numbers

Draconic has a base-10 number system:
1 - fro
2 - en
3 - be
4 - fu
5 - bez
6 - lureˈfy
7 - byk
8 - ha
9 - teˈsa
10 - hy
100 - ly
1000 - koˈvo

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = If starts with vowel: Prefix f-
Else: Prefix fi-
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -r
Else: Suffix -ar
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Prefix i-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -nth
Else: Suffix -ynth
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Prefix ki-
Noun to verb = If starts with vowel: Prefix or-
Else: Prefix ori-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix h-
Else: Prefix hy-
Tending to = Suffix -at
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix r-
Else: Prefix ru-
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Prefix o-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Suffix -ur
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If starts with vowel: Prefix un-
Else: Prefix uny-
Diminutive = If ends with vowel: Suffix -st
Else: Suffix -ust
Augmentative = If ends with vowel: Suffix -rra
Else: Suffix -irra

Dictionary

3025 Words.

Spoken by

• Drithian
• Polantian
• Ruizarian