Melvedi
Natively known as: Mɛlvd /mɛlvd/
...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...pʲɔn as iagɑːn cɾʲɑːɾ iːkʊn vʲas pʲɔn cɾʲɑːɾ amʲas mˠuːɾ pʊɾ ɪl ɫeːdʲɛd
Pronunciation: /pʲɔn as ˈiagɑːn cɾʲɑːɾ ˈiːkʊn vʲas pʲɔn cɾʲɑːɾ ˈamʲas mˠuːɾ pʊɾ ɪl ˈɫeːdʲɛd/
Melvedian word order: and he stood his hat holding and his wet face turned to the wind
Phonology
Syllable structure: Custom defined
Stress pattern: No fixed stress
Word initial consonants: bʲ, bʲɾʲ, bˠ, bˠɾˠ, c, cɾʲ, dʲ, dʲɾʲ, d̪ˠ, fʲ, fʲɾʲ, fˠ, g, gɫ, gɾˠ, h, k, kɫ, kɾˠ, l, lʲ, m, mʲ, mˠ, n, n̪ˠ, p, pʲ, pˠ, sˠ, sˠk, sˠt̪ˠ, sˠɾˠ, tʲ, tʲɾʲ, t̪ˠ, vʲ, x, xɫ, ç, ɟ, ɫ, ɾˠ, ʃ, ʃc, ʃcɾʲ, ʋ, ʔ
Mid-word consonants: bˠ, c, dʲ, d̪ˠ, fʲ, fˠ, g, gɫ, h, hɾˠ, k, l, lʲ, m, mʲ, mˠ, mˠpˠ, n, nʲ, nʲʃ, n̪ˠ, n̪ˠt̪ˠ, p, pˠ, sˠ, sˠk, sˠt̪ˠ, tʲ, t̪ˠ, vʲ, vˠ, x, xt̪ˠ, ɟ, ɫ, ɫt̪ˠ, ɲ, ɾʲ, ɾˠ, ɾˠsˠ, ɾˠɫ, ʃ, ʃtʲ, ʋ, ʔ
Word final consonants: N/A
Phonological changes (in order of application):
Stress pattern: No fixed stress
Word initial consonants: bʲ, bʲɾʲ, bˠ, bˠɾˠ, c, cɾʲ, dʲ, dʲɾʲ, d̪ˠ, fʲ, fʲɾʲ, fˠ, g, gɫ, gɾˠ, h, k, kɫ, kɾˠ, l, lʲ, m, mʲ, mˠ, n, n̪ˠ, p, pʲ, pˠ, sˠ, sˠk, sˠt̪ˠ, sˠɾˠ, tʲ, tʲɾʲ, t̪ˠ, vʲ, x, xɫ, ç, ɟ, ɫ, ɾˠ, ʃ, ʃc, ʃcɾʲ, ʋ, ʔ
Mid-word consonants: bˠ, c, dʲ, d̪ˠ, fʲ, fˠ, g, gɫ, h, hɾˠ, k, l, lʲ, m, mʲ, mˠ, mˠpˠ, n, nʲ, nʲʃ, n̪ˠ, n̪ˠt̪ˠ, p, pˠ, sˠ, sˠk, sˠt̪ˠ, tʲ, t̪ˠ, vʲ, vˠ, x, xt̪ˠ, ɟ, ɫ, ɫt̪ˠ, ɲ, ɾʲ, ɾˠ, ɾˠsˠ, ɾˠɫ, ʃ, ʃtʲ, ʋ, ʔ
Word final consonants: N/A
Phonological changes (in order of application):
- h → ʔ / #_
- h → Ø / _#
- n → Ø / _s
- p → v / _#
- k → ʧ / _E
Morphology
Adjective → adverb = If starts with vowel: Prefix ɾˠ-
Else: Prefix ɾˠa-
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix ɾˠ- Else: Prefix ɾˠa-
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Prefix iː-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix iam- Else: Prefix iamɛ-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Prefix a-
Noun → verb (to create [noun]) = Prefix guː-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Prefix mɛ-
Verb → adjective (likely to do [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix p- Else: Prefix pʊ-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix iːk- Else: Prefix iːkɪ-
Verb → noun that verb physically produces (e.g. build → building) = If starts with vowel: Prefix ɪn- Else: Prefix ɪna-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Prefix ɾˠoː-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If starts with vowel: Prefix p- Else: Prefix pʊ-
Diminutive = Prefix iː-
Augmentative = If starts with vowel: Prefix ɔɟ- Else: Prefix ɔɟɛ-
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix ɾˠ- Else: Prefix ɾˠa-
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Prefix iː-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix iam- Else: Prefix iamɛ-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Prefix a-
Noun → verb (to create [noun]) = Prefix guː-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Prefix mɛ-
Verb → adjective (likely to do [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix p- Else: Prefix pʊ-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix iːk- Else: Prefix iːkɪ-
Verb → noun that verb physically produces (e.g. build → building) = If starts with vowel: Prefix ɪn- Else: Prefix ɪna-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Prefix ɾˠoː-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If starts with vowel: Prefix p- Else: Prefix pʊ-
Diminutive = Prefix iː-
Augmentative = If starts with vowel: Prefix ɔɟ- Else: Prefix ɔɟɛ-
Syntax
Main word order: Object-Subject-Verb-Oblique. "Mary opened the door with a key" turns into The door Mary opened with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: prepositions
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: prepositions
Nouns
Nouns have seven cases:- Nominative is the doer of a verb: dog bites man.
- Accusative is the done-to of a verb: man bites dog.
- Genitive is the possessor of something: dog’s tail hits man.
- Dative is the recipeint of something: man gives ball to dog.
- Locative is the location of something: man goes to town.
- Ablative is movement away from something: man walks from town.
- Instrumental is the use of something: man writes with (using) pen.
| Nominative | No affix ɫɪl /ɫɪl/ dog (doing the verb) |
| Accusative | If starts with vowel: Prefix ʊx- Else: Prefix ʊxa- ʊxaɫɪl /ʊxaˈɫɪl/ (verb done to) dog |
| Genitive | If starts with vowel: Prefix h- Else: Prefix hɛ- hɛɫɪl /hɛˈɫɪl/ dogʼs |
| Dative | Prefix ɾˠoː- ɾˠoːɫɪl /ɾˠoːˈɫɪl/ to (the/a) dog |
| Locative | Prefix ɟa- ɟaɫɪl /ɟaˈɫɪl/ near/at/by (the/a) dog |
| Ablative | Prefix tʲɛ- tʲɛɫɪl /tʲɛˈɫɪl/ from (the/a) dog |
| Instrumental | If starts with vowel: Prefix ɑːvʲ- Else: Prefix ɑːvʲɛ- ɑːvʲɛɫɪl /ɑːˈvʲɛɫɪl/ with/using (the/a) dog |
Articles
| Definite | Indefinite | |
|---|---|---|
| Singular | dʲɾʲia /dʲɾʲia/ the | ɫeːɾ /ɫeːɾ/ a |
| Plural | mɔɾ /mɔɾ/ the | man /man/ some |
Pronouns
| Nominative | Accusative | Genitive | Dative | Locative | Ablative | Instrumental | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | a /a/ I | ɔɾ /ɔɾ/ me | ɔs /ɔs/ mine | ɪn /ɪn/ to me | ɟa /ɟa/ at me | pʲiːd /pʲiːd/ from me | mʲuːn /mʲuːn/ with/using me |
| 2nd singular | bˠɾˠɑːs /bˠɾˠɑːs/ you | iːs /iːs/ you | mɔs /mɔs/ yours | kuː /kuː/ to you | iad /iad/ at you | guːd /guːd/ from you | mʲuː /mʲuː/ with/using you |
| 3rd singular masc | as /as/ he | bʲɪn /bʲɪn/ him | dʲoːɾ /dʲoːɾ/ his | pʲɔl /pʲɔl/ to him | ɛd /ɛd/ at him | çaɾ /çaɾ/ from him | ɾˠas /ɾˠas/ with/using him |
| 3rd singular fem | ia /ia/ she | ʊn /ʊn/ her | cɾʲial /cɾʲial/ hers | pʲiːl /pʲiːl/ to her | iːd /iːd/ at her | ɛn /ɛn/ from her | bʲeː /bʲeː/ with/using her |
| 1st plural inclusive | bʲɾʲɪl /bʲɾʲɪl/ we (including you) | fʲɾʲa /fʲɾʲa/ us (including you) | oːɾ /oːɾ/ ours (including you) | gɫɛn /gɫɛn/ to us (including you) | eː /eː/ at us (including you) | mɔd /mɔd/ from us (including you) | oːd /oːd/ with/using us (including you) |
| 1st plural exclusive | bˠɛd /bˠɛd/ we (excluding you) | ɟas /ɟas/ us (excluding you) | vʲan /vʲan/ ours (excluding you) | man /man/ to us (excluding you) | aɾ /aɾ/ at us (excluding you) | t̪ˠuːn /t̪ˠuːn/ from us (excluding you) | iː /iː/ with/using us (excluding you) |
| 2nd plural | an /an/ you (all) | ɔn /ɔn/ you (all) | ɛs /ɛs/ yours | mɛn /mɛn/ to you (all) | lʲʊl /lʲʊl/ at you (all) | oːl /oːl/ from you (all) | pia /pia/ with/using you (all) |
| 3rd plural masc | pɑːn /pɑːn/ they | ʃɪn /ʃɪn/ them | ɫeːɾ /ɫeːɾ/ theirs | tʲɛl /tʲɛl/ to them | pʲɔɾ /pʲɔɾ/ at them | nan /nan/ from them | ɾˠoːs /ɾˠoːs/ with/using them |
| 3rd plural fem | sˠɾˠan /sˠɾˠan/ they | t̪ˠoːs /t̪ˠoːs/ them | d̪ˠiːn /d̪ˠiːn/ theirs | ɑːn /ɑːn/ to them | hɔn /hɔn/ at them | ɾˠoːɾ /ɾˠoːɾ/ from them | n̪ˠʊɾ /n̪ˠʊɾ/ with/using them |
Possessive determiners
| 1st singular | kɫia /kɫia/ my |
| 2nd singular | al /al/ your |
| 3rd singular masc | cɾʲɑːɾ /cɾʲɑːɾ/ his |
| 3rd singular fem | bˠɛs /bˠɛs/ her |
| 1st plural inclusive | pia /pia/ our (including you) |
| 1st plural exclusive | ʊɾ /ʊɾ/ our (excluding you) |
| 2nd plural | sˠɪl /sˠɪl/ your |
| 3rd plural masc | çɛl /çɛl/ their |
| 3rd plural fem | ɔn /ɔn/ their |
Verbs
| Present | Past | Future | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | No affix ɛpeːɾ /ˈɛpeːɾ/ | Prefix ʋia- ʋiaɛpeːɾ /ʋiaˈɛpeːɾ/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix ʊfʲ- Else: Prefix ʊfʲa- ʊfʲɛpeːɾ /ʊˈfʲɛpeːɾ/ |
| 2nd person | No affix ɛpeːɾ /ˈɛpeːɾ/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix t̪ˠ- Else: Prefix t̪ˠoː- t̪ˠɛpeːɾ /ˈt̪ˠɛpeːɾ/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix p- Else: Prefix pʊ- pɛpeːɾ /ˈpɛpeːɾ/ |
| 3rd person | No affix ɛpeːɾ /ˈɛpeːɾ/ | If starts with vowel: Prefix iam- Else: Prefix iamɔ- iamɛpeːɾ /iamɛˈpeːɾ/ | Prefix hɔ- hɔɛpeːɾ /hɔˈɛpeːɾ/ |
Imperfective aspect
The ‘imperfective’ aspect refers to ongoing actions, such as I am studying and habitual actions, such as I study (every night). Melvedian uses an affix for imperfective:| Imperfective | If starts with vowel: Prefix ʋ- Else: Prefix ʋɔ- ʋɛpeːɾ /ʋɛˈpeːɾ/ is studying |
Perfect aspect
The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present. Melvedian uses the word for ‘already’ hɛɾ for the perfect aspect.Numbers
Melvedian has a base-10 number system: 1 - hɛl 2 - ʔeːn 3 - hɛn 4 - d̪ˠɔl 5 - hɔɾ 6 - pʊn 7 - mˠiːs 8 - kuːl 9 - ɟa 10 - bʲɪn 11 - bʲɪnhɛl “ten-one” 100 - pɑːs “hundred” 101 - pɑːs hɛl “hundred one” 200 - ʔeːn pɑːs 1000 - ʃɪn “thousand”Phonetics
Consonant inventory: /bʲ bˠ c d dʲ d̪ˠ fʲ fˠ g h k l lʲ m mʲ mˠ n nʲ n̪ˠ p pʲ pˠ s sˠ tʲ t̪ˠ vʲ vˠ x ç ɟ ɫ ɲ ɾ ɾʲ ɾˠ ʃ ʋ ʔ/
Co-articulated phonemes
Vowel inventory: /a eː ia iə iː oː uə uː ɑː ɔ əi əu ɛ ɪ ʊ/
Diphthongs: ia, iə, uə, əi, əu
| ↓Manner/Place→ | Bilabial | Labiodental | Alveolar | Palato-alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m mʲ mˠ | n n̪ˠ nʲ | ɲ | ||||
| Stop | p pʲ pˠ bʲ bˠ | tʲ t̪ˠ dʲ d̪ˠ d | c ɟ | k g | ʔ | ||
| Fricative | fʲ fˠ vʲ vˠ | sˠ s | ʃ | ç | x | h | |
| Approximant | ʋ | ||||||
| Tap | ɾˠ ɾʲ ɾ | ||||||
| Lateral approximant | l lʲ |
| ↓Manner/Place→ | Velarized alveolar |
|---|---|
| Lateral approximant | ɫ |
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| High | iː | uː |
| Near-high | ɪ | ʊ |
| High-mid | eː | oː |
| Low-mid | ɛ | ɔ |
| Low | a | ɑː |
http://ipa-reader.xyz/
Celine
To hear the language as envisioned by the creators:
Celine
To hear the language as envisioned by the creators:
- select the link above
- change the 'speaker' to the name indicated
- paste the pronunciation into the field
- click on the read button
Comments