Tássókian (taːʃˈʃoːkian)

Natively known as: tássók /taːʃˈʃoːk/

is the protolanguage of dragons
...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
ré nyin kö nya molcs kúk ré ké molcs fropu fój irt fáb
Pronunciation: /reː ɲin kø ɲɒ molʧ kuːk reː keː molʧ froˈpu foːj irt faːb/
Tássókian word order: and stood he holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: b d f g h j k l m n p r t v z ɟ ɲ ʃ ʦ ʧ

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m		n		ɲ
Stop	p b		t d		ɟ	k g
Affricate			ʦ	ʧ
Fricative		f v	z	ʃ			h
Approximant					j
Trill			r
Lateral approximant			l

Vowel inventory: aː eː i iː o oː u uː y yː ø øː ɒ ɛ

	Front	Back
High	i iː y yː	u uː
High-mid	eː ø øː	o oː
Low-mid	ɛ
Low	aː	ɒ

Syllable structure: Custom defined ?
Stress pattern: Ultimate — stress is on the last syllable ?
Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
ɒ	a
aː	á
uː	ú
yː	ű
y	ü
s	sz
ʒ	zs
c	ty
ʦ	c
ʧ	cs
ɛ	e
eː	é
ɟ	gy
iː	í
ɲ	ny
oː	ó
øː	ő
ø	ö
ʃ	s

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Grammar

Main word order: Verb Subject Object (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Opened Mary the door with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: prepositions ?

Nouns

Nouns have two cases:

• Nominative is the doer of a verb: dog bites man.
• Accusative is the done-to of a verb: man bites dog.

Nominative	No affix sig /ʃig/ dog (doing the verb)
Accusative	If starts with vowel: Prefix g- Else: Prefix gɒ- gasig /gɒˈʃig/ (verb done to) dog

	Masculine	Feminine
Singular	No affix é /eː/ man	No affix celt /ʦɛlt/ woman
Plural	Prefix yː- űé /yːˈeː/ men	Prefix ɒ- acelt /ɒˈʦɛlt/ women

Articles

Definite	frök /frøk/ the
Indefinite	cílcs /ʦiːlʧ/ a, some

Uses of definite article that differ from English:

• Used to talk about countable nouns in general: English’s ‘I like cats’ would translate to ‘I like the cats’

Uses of indefinite article that differ from English:

• Not used for non-specific mass (uncountable) nouns: non-specific means ‘Would you like some (any) tea?’ whereas specific means ‘Some tea (a specific amount) fell off the truck’

Pronouns

	Nominative	Accusative
1st singular	cű /ʦyː/ I	fó /foː/ me
2nd singular	saj /ʃɒj/ you	ják /jaːk/ you
3rd singular masc	kö /kø/ he, it	pruncs /prunʧ/ him, it
3rd singular fem	lö /lø/ she, it	lá /laː/ her, it
1st plural	nörs /nørʃ/ we	frap /frɒp/ us
2nd plural	fű /fyː/ you all	gyó /ɟoː/ you all
3rd plural masc	sa /ʃɒ/ they (masc)	moz /moz/ them (masc)
3rd plural fem	dé /deː/ they (fem)	sé /ʃeː/ them (fem)

Possessive determiners

1st singular	mú /muː/ my
2nd singular	ta /tɒ/ your
3rd singular masc	molcs /molʧ/ his
3rd singular fem	pá /paː/ her
1st plural	tu /tu/ our
2nd plural	gyö /ɟø/ your (pl)
3rd plural masc	csi /ʧi/ their (masc)
3rd plural fem	fo /fo/ their (fem)

Verbs

	Masculine	Feminine
Present	No affix kogyu /koˈɟu/	No affix kogyu /koˈɟu/
Past	Prefix buː- búkogyu /buːkoˈɟu/	If starts with vowel: Prefix v- Else: Prefix vy- vükogyu /vykoˈɟu/
Remote past	Prefix vøː- vőkogyu /vøːkoˈɟu/	Prefix eː- ékogyu /eːkoˈɟu/

Tássókian uses a standalone particle word for future tense:

Future

Particle before the verb: oː - ó kogyu /oː koˈɟu/ will learn

Imperfective aspect

The ‘imperfective’ aspect refers to ongoing actions, such as I am learning and habitual actions, such as I learn (something new every day).
Tássókian uses an affix for imperfective:

Imperfective

If starts with vowel: Prefix ikʃ- Else: Prefix ikʃɒ- iksakogyu /ikˌʃɒkoˈɟu/ learns/is learning

Perfect aspect

The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.
Tássókian uses an affix for the perfect aspect:

Perfect

If starts with vowel: Prefix udv- Else: Prefix udveː- udvékogyu /udˌveːkoˈɟu/ have learned

Numbers

Tássókian has a base-10 number system:
1 - gi
2 - bí
3 - jö
4 - jelt
5 - jű
6 - nyo
7 - e
8 - fri
9 - bú
10 - mo
100 - kőgle
1000 - de

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = If starts with vowel: Prefix m-
Else: Prefix mi-
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Prefix øː-
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix b-
Else: Prefix by-
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Prefix ʦaː-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If starts with vowel: Prefix k-
Else: Prefix kɛ-
Noun to verb = If starts with vowel: Prefix k-
Else: Prefix ky-
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix aːkk-
Else: Prefix aːkki-
Tending to = Prefix mɒ-
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If starts with vowel: Prefix r-
Else: Prefix ruː-
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = If starts with vowel: Prefix oːl-
Else: Prefix oːlo-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Prefix du-
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Prefix fo-
Diminutive = If starts with vowel: Prefix yːʃl-
Else: Prefix yːʃlɛ-
Augmentative = Prefix muː-