Dvergar (dvergar)

Natively known as: dvergar /ˈdvergar/

the language of Dvergar is the protolanguage of dwarves, and the language from which the dwarven languages evolved.
...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
thĩl peengr taǔ̃ǔ̃ miim vø̃ thĩl dǎǎz nǔ̃ǔ̃ym pǎmeer vø̃ møkr mi
Pronunciation: /θĩl peːŋr ˈtaỹː miːm vø̃ θĩl dəːz nỹːjm ˈpəmeːr vø̃ møkr mi/
Dvergar word order: and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: b d f g h j k l m n p r t v z ð ŋ ɣ ʀ θ

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Dental	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal	m			n		ŋ
Stop	p b			t d		k g
Fricative		f v	θ ð	z		ɣ		h
Approximant					j
Trill				r			ʀ
Lateral approximant				l

Vowel inventory: a aː ã ãː e eː ẽ ẽː i iː ĩ ĩː o oː õ õː u uː ũ ũː y yː ỹ ỹː æ æː æ̃ æ̃ː ø øː ø̃ ø̃ː œ œː œ̃ œ̃ː ə əː ə̃ ə̃ː

	Front	Central	Back
High	i iː ĩ ĩː y yː ỹ ỹː		u uː ũ ũː
High-mid	e eː ẽ ẽː ø øː ø̃ ø̃ː		o oː õ õː
Mid		ə əː ə̃ ə̃ː
Low-mid	œ œː œ̃ œ̃ː
Near-low	æ æː æ̃ æ̃ː
Low	a aː ã ãː

Syllable structure: Custom defined
Stress pattern: Initial — stress is on the first syllable
Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
ə	ǎ
y	ǔ
j	y
θ	th
ð	dh
ŋ	ng
ɣ	ĝ
ʀ	r̂
Vː	VV

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Grammar

Main word order: Subject Verb Object (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary opened the door with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: prepositions

Verb affixes

	Perfective	Habitual	Continuous	Perfect
Remote past	Suffix -ig kãig /ˈkãig/	Suffix -œːn k㜜n /ˈkãœːn/	If ends with vowel: Suffix -j Else: Suffix -il kãy /kãj/	If ends with vowel: Suffix -ɣ Else: Suffix -oːj kãĝ /kãɣ/
Past	If ends with vowel: Suffix -b Else: Suffix -yh kãb /kãb/ learned	Suffix -ə̃j kãǎ̃y /ˈkãə̃j/ used to learn	Suffix -əːt kãǎǎt /ˈkãəːt/ was/were learning	If ends with vowel: Suffix -b Else: Suffix -ẽf kãb /kãb/ had learned
Present	If ends with vowel: Suffix -ð Else: Suffix -ĩp kãdh /kãð/ learn	If ends with vowel: Suffix -f Else: Suffix -un kãf /kãf/ learn (often)	If ends with vowel: Suffix -t Else: Suffix -eð kãt /kãt/ is/are/am learning	If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʀ Else: Suffix -ak kãr̂ /kãʀ/ have learned
Future	If ends with vowel: Suffix -n Else: Suffix -øv kãn /kãn/	Suffix -oːj kãooy /ˈkãoːj/ will learn (often)	If ends with vowel: Suffix -j Else: Suffix -ek kãy /kãj/ will be learning	If ends with vowel: Suffix -m Else: Suffix -œːn kãm /kãm/ will have learned

Verb affixes

	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
Singular	Suffix -ẽb kãẽb /ˈkãẽb/ (I) learn/learned/will learn	If ends with vowel: Suffix -m Else: Suffix -iːm kãm /kãm/ (you) learn/learned/will learn	Suffix -ot kãot /ˈkãot/ (he/she/it) learns/learned/will learn
Plural	If ends with vowel: Suffix -k Else: Suffix -yp kãk /kãk/ (we) learn/learned/will learn	Suffix -øg kãøg /ˈkãøg/ (you all) learn/learned/will learn	If ends with vowel: Suffix -g Else: Suffix -ũm kãg /kãg/ (they) learn/learned/will learn

Verb affixes

	Indicative	Conditional	Subjunctive	Imperative
Passive	Suffix -im kãim /ˈkãim/	Suffix -iːk kãiik /ˈkãiːk/	If ends with vowel: Suffix -k Else: Suffix -ũːð kãk /kãk/	If ends with vowel: Suffix -k Else: Suffix -øt kãk /kãk/

Numbers

Dvergar has a base-16 number system with no zero:
1 - kiǔ̃z
2 - ti
3 - r̂œ̃œ̃
4 - maa
5 - guumĩr
6 - koǔ̃ǔ̃z
7 - dhat
8 - ngø̃z
9 - fǎ̃lr
10 - ĝĩæær
11 - tǎĝ
12 - mivz
13 - vǔ̃
14 - pœœphœ
15 - tǔ̃ǔ̃k
16 - mœœœr
256 - lœmz
4,096 - tĩĩæm

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -j
Else: Suffix -al
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -j
Else: Suffix -ẽːɣ
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -r
Else: Suffix -oːm
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Prefix kẽ-
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Prefix kaː-
Noun to verb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -h
Else: Suffix -ĩk
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Prefix kẽ-
Tending to = Suffix -ũt
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ɣ
Else: Suffix -yːf
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Prefix møː-
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Suffix -ĩːɣ
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -d
Else: Suffix -ib
Diminutive = Prefix rœ̃-
Augmentative = If ends with vowel: Suffix -m
Else: Suffix -əːθ

Spoken by

• Ancient Dwarves