Gaptiian (/ˈgɛptɪ/)
Gaptiian is the language of the Raptoran Tribes. Originating as an offshoot of New Draconic, Gaptiian quickly became its own language, adopting the chirps, hisses, roars, and other noises the Dinosaurian Raptorans use in their communications.
Writing System
Raptoran uses the Draconic writing system.
Morphology
Raptoran follows a word structure of optional consonant, vowel, optional consonant. It also stresses the second to last syllable.
Adjective → adverb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ŋ Else: Suffix -ɑŋ
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -m Else: Suffix -ɔːm
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -w Else: Suffix -ɑw
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʤ Else: Suffix -ɑʤ
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʤ Else: Suffix -ɔɪ̯ʤ
Noun to verb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ɹ Else: Suffix -ɛɹ
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Suffix -ɔɪ̯
Tending to = If ends with vowel: Suffix -k Else: Suffix -ɛk
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Suffix -ɑm
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -l Else: Suffix -aɪ̯l
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -k Else: Suffix -ɑk
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Suffix -ʌ
Diminutive = If ends with vowel: Suffix -d Else: Suffix -ʌd
Augmentative = If ends with vowel: Suffix -b Else: Suffix -æb
Adjective → adverb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ŋ Else: Suffix -ɑŋ
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -m Else: Suffix -ɔːm
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -w Else: Suffix -ɑw
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʤ Else: Suffix -ɑʤ
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʤ Else: Suffix -ɔɪ̯ʤ
Noun to verb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ɹ Else: Suffix -ɛɹ
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Suffix -ɔɪ̯
Tending to = If ends with vowel: Suffix -k Else: Suffix -ɛk
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Suffix -ɑm
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -l Else: Suffix -aɪ̯l
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -k Else: Suffix -ɑk
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Suffix -ʌ
Diminutive = If ends with vowel: Suffix -d Else: Suffix -ʌd
Augmentative = If ends with vowel: Suffix -b Else: Suffix -æb
Syntax
Raptoran follows the same rules as common.
Phonetics
Consonant inventory
co-articulated phenomes
Vowel Inventories
Spelling rule
V; VV
| ↓Manner/Place→ | Bilabial | Labiodental | Dental | Alveolar | Palato-alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal |
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||||
| Stop | p b | t d | k g | |||||
| Affricate | ʧ ʤ | |||||||
| Fricative | f v | θ ð | s z | ʃ ʒ | h | |||
| Approximant | ɹ | j | ||||||
| Lateral approximant | l |
| ↓Manner/Place→ | Labial-velar |
| Approximant | w |
| Front | Central | Back | |
| High | i: | u: | |
| Near-High | I | ʊ | |
| Low-mid | ɛ | ɜː | ʌ ɔː |
| Near-low | æ | ||
| Low | ɑ |
| Pronunciation | Spelling |
| aɪ̯ | ie |
| aʊ̯ | ou |
| eɪ̯ | ay |
| iː | i |
| uː | u |
| æ | a |
| ɛ | e |
| ɔː | o |
| ɔɪ̯ | oi |
| I | ï |
| ʊ | ü |
| ɜː | ä |
| ʌ | ů |
| ɑ | å |
| j | y |
| θ | th |
| ð | dh |
| ŋ | ng |
| ɹ | r |
| ʃ | sh |
| ʒ | zh |
| ʤ | j |
| ʧ | ch |
Tenses
Ergative is the doer of a verb, when the verb is done to something: dog bites man.
Absolutive is used in two scenarios: the doer of a verb when not done to something (dog bites), and the done-to of a verb (man bites dog).
Genitive is the possessor of something: dog’s tail hits man.
Dative is the recipient of something: man gives ball to dog.
Locative is the location of something: man goes to town.
Indefinite
Pronouns
Possessive Determiners
Verbs
Progressive Aspect
The ‘progressive’ aspect refers to actions that are happening at the time of speaking, such as I am learning.
Geptïian uses an affix for progressive:
Habitual Aspect
The ‘habitual’ aspect refers to actions that happen habitually, such as I learn (something new every day), as opposed to actions that happen once (I learned something).
Geptïian uses a standalone particle word for habitual:
Absolutive is used in two scenarios: the doer of a verb when not done to something (dog bites), and the done-to of a verb (man bites dog).
Genitive is the possessor of something: dog’s tail hits man.
Dative is the recipient of something: man gives ball to dog.
Locative is the location of something: man goes to town.
| Singular | Plural | |
| Ergative | If ends with vowel: Suffix -l Else: Suffix -iːl jïwil /ˈʤɪwiːl/ the dog (doing the verb to something) | If ends with vowel: Suffix -s Else: Suffix -ɜːs jïwäs /ˈʤɪwɜːs/ the dogs (doing the verb to something) |
| Absolutive | No affix jïw /ʤɪw/ the dog (doing the verb, but not to something) | Suffix -ɔːz jïwoz /ˈʤɪwɔːz/ the dogs (doing the verb, but not to something) |
| Genitive | Suffix -æl jïwal /ˈʤɪwæl/ the dogʼs | If ends with vowel: Suffix -ɹ Else: Suffix -iːɹ jïwir /ˈʤɪwiːɹ/ the dogsʼ |
| Dative | If ends with vowel: Suffix -ŋ Else: Suffix -ɑŋ jïwång /ˈʤɪwɑŋ/ to the dog | Suffix -ɑw jïwåw /ˈʤɪwɑw/ to the dogs |
| Locative | Suffix -eɪ̯t jïwayt /ˈʤɪweɪ̯t/ near/at/by the dog | If ends with vowel: Suffix -t Else: Suffix -aʊ̯t jïwout /ˈʤɪwaʊ̯t/ near/at/by the dogs |
| Singular | Plural | |
| Ergative | Suffix -ɑk jïwåk /ˈʤɪwɑk/ a dog (doing the verb to something) | Suffix -ʊ jïwü /ˈʤɪwʊ/ some dogs (doing the verb to something) |
| Absolutive | If ends with vowel: Suffix -g Else: Suffix -uːg jïwug /ˈʤɪwuːg/ a dog (doing the verb, but not to something) | Suffix -ɑ jïwå /ˈʤɪwɑ/ some dogs (doing the verb, but not to something) |
| Genitive | If ends with vowel: Suffix -s Else: Suffix -ɔːs jïwos /ˈʤɪwɔːs/ a dogʼs | If ends with vowel: Suffix -ð Else: Suffix -eɪ̯ð jïwaydh /ˈʤɪweɪ̯ð/ some dogsʼ |
| Dative | If ends with vowel: Suffix -w Else: Suffix -ɑw jïwåw /ˈʤɪwɑw/ to a dog | If ends with vowel: Suffix -m Else: Suffix -aɪ̯m jïwiem /ˈʤɪwaɪ̯m/ to some dogs |
| Locative | If ends with vowel: Suffix -n Else: Suffix -aɪ̯n jïwien /ˈʤɪwaɪ̯n/ near/at/by a dog | Suffix -iː jïwi /ˈʤɪwiː/ near/at/by some dogs |
| Ergative | Absolutive | Genitive | Dative | Locative | |
| 1st singular | di /diː/ I | mi /miː/ me, I | mour /maʊ̯ɹ/ mine | zhou /ʒaʊ̯/ to me | rik /ɹiːk/ at me |
| 2nd singular | üd /ʊd/ you | fedh /fɛð/ you | si /siː/ yours | loüj /loʊ̯ʤ/ to you | dho /ðɔː/ at you |
| 3rd singular masc | sho /ʃɔː/ he, it | sï /sɪ/ him, it | sang /sæŋ/ his, its | våg /vɑg/ to him, at it | iek /aɪ̯k/ at him, at it |
| 3rd singular fem | fä /fɜː/ she, it | shäm /ʃɜːm/ her, it | gär /gɜːɹ/ hers, its | nou /naʊ̯/ to her, at it | chå /ʧɑ/ at her, at it |
| 1st plural inclusive | mie /maɪ̯/ we (including you) | ou /aʊ̯/ us, we (including you) | nän /nɜːn/ ours (including you) | gåk /gɑk/ to us (including you) | toi /tɔɪ̯/ at us (including you) |
| 1st plural exclusive | dhog /ðɔːg/ we (excluding you) | moi /mɔɪ̯/ us, we (excluding you) | ir /iːɹ/ ours (excluding you) | lå /lɑ/ to us (excluding you) | dhe /ðɛ/ at us (excluding you) |
| 2nd plural | roin /ɹɔɪ̯n/ you all | a /æ/ you all | fa /fæ/ yours (pl) | oük /oʊ̯k/ to you all | mü /mʊ/ at you all |
| 3rd plural | taw /tæw/ they | få /fɑ/ them, they | choüb /ʧoʊ̯b/ theirs | soü /soʊ̯/ to them | i /iː/ at them |
| 1st singular | mour /maʊ̯ɹ/ my |
| 2nd singular | si /siː/ your |
| 3rd singular masc | sang /sæŋ/ his |
| 3rd singular fem | gär /gɜːɹ/ her |
| 1st plural inclusive | nän /nɜːn/ our (including you) |
| 1st plural exclusive | ir /iːɹ/ our (excluding you) |
| 2nd plural | fa /fæ/ your (pl) |
| 3rd plural | choüb /ʧoʊ̯b/ their |
| Present | No affix dhosh /ðɔːʃ/ learn |
| Past | If ends with vowel: Suffix -w Else: Suffix -ɜːw dhoshäw /ˈðɔːʃɜːw/ learned |
| Remote Past | Suffix -aɪ̯w dhoshiew /ˈðɔːʃaɪ̯w/ learned (long ago) |
| Future | If ends with vowel: Suffix -n Else: Suffix -ɑn dhoshån /ˈðɔːʃɑn/ will learn |
The ‘progressive’ aspect refers to actions that are happening at the time of speaking, such as I am learning.
Geptïian uses an affix for progressive:
| Progressive | Suffix -iːm dhoshim /ˈðɔːʃiːm/ is learning |
The ‘habitual’ aspect refers to actions that happen habitually, such as I learn (something new every day), as opposed to actions that happen once (I learned something).
Geptïian uses a standalone particle word for habitual:
| Habitual | Particle before the verb: θɑ - thå dhosh /θɑ ðɔːʃ/ learns |
Sentence Structure
Raptoran follows the normal Common sentence structure.
