Áríhwe (ˈɑriʍɛ)
Natively known as: Áríhwe /ˈɑriʍɛ/
Áríhwe is a sylvan language sometimes called simply elvish, although the vast influence of the elves during the Age of Kings means many speak or at least know some Áríhwen words. Since the fall of the elven dynasties, the language is not as ubiquitous as it once was but many cities maintain their Áríhwen names and common Áríhwen phrases can still be heard among populations who do not primarily speak the language. ...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...lu kí hávú méma kí aginyí lu simú kí vufá pané ké mépi
Pronunciation: /lʌ ki ˈhɑvʊ ˈmema ki ˈagɪɲi lʌ ˈsɪmʊ ki ˈvʌfɑ ˈpane ke ˈmepɪ/
Áríhwen word order: and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind
Spelling & Phonology
Consonant inventory: b d f g h j k l m n p r s t v w x ŋ ɕ ɲ ʍ↓Manner/Place→ | Bilabial | Labiodental | Alveolar | Alveolo-palatal | Palatal | Velar | Glottal |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |||
Stop | p b | t d | k g | ||||
Fricative | f v | s | ɕ | x | h | ||
Approximant | j | ||||||
Trill | r | ||||||
Lateral approximant | l |
↓Manner/Place→ | Labial-velar |
---|---|
Approximant | ʍ w |
Front | Back | |
---|---|---|
High | i | |
Near-high | ɪ | ʊ |
High-mid | e | |
Low-mid | ɛ | ʌ |
Low | a | ɑ |
Stress pattern: advanced ? Spelling rules:
Pronunciation | Spelling |
---|---|
ŋ | ng |
ɲ | ny |
ɕ | ç |
x | kh |
ʍ | hw |
j | y |
a | a |
ɑ | á |
e | é |
ɛ | e |
i | í |
ɪ | i |
ʊ | ú |
ʌ | u |
Grammar
Main word order: Subject Verb Object (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary opened the door with a key.Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun.
Adposition: prepositions ?
Nouns
Masculine | Feminine | |
---|---|---|
Definite | Prefix ja- yavi /ˈjavɪ/ the man | Prefix hɪ- hivu /ˈhɪvʌ/ the woman |
Indefinite | No affix vi /vɪ/ a man | No affix vu /vʌ/ a woman |
Articles
Áríhwen encodes definite article ‘the’, and indefinite article ‘a’ in noun affixes. See Noun section.Pronouns
1st singular | tá /tɑ/ I, me, mine |
2nd singular | fi /fɪ/ you, yours |
3rd singular masc | kí /ki/ he, him, his, it (masc), its (masc) |
3rd singular fem | pe /pɛ/ she, her, hers, it (fem), its (fem) |
1st plural | ké /ke/ we, us, ours |
2nd plural | nya /ɲa/ you all, yours (pl) |
3rd plural masc | yú /jʊ/ they (masc), them (masc), theirs (masc) |
3rd plural fem | mú /mʊ/ they (fem), them (fem), theirs (fem) |
Possessive determiners
Possessive | |
---|---|
1st singular | tá /tɑ/ my |
2nd singular | fi /fɪ/ your |
3rd singular masc | kí /ki/ his |
3rd singular fem | pe /pɛ/ her |
1st plural | ké /ke/ our |
2nd plural | nya /ɲa/ your (pl) |
3rd plural masc | yú /jʊ/ their (masc) |
3rd plural fem | mú /mʊ/ their (fem) |
Verbs
Future | |
---|---|
Singular | Prefix jɛ- yetingu /ˈjɛtɪŋʌ/ (I/you/he/she/it) will learn |
Plural | Prefix la- latingu /ˈlatɪŋʌ/ (we/they) will learn |
Past | Particle before the verb: mɑ - má tingu /mɑ ˈtɪŋʌ/ learned |
Progressive aspect
The ‘progressive’ aspect refers to actions that are happening at the time of speaking, such as I am learning.Áríhwen uses an affix for progressive:
Progressive | Prefix vi- vítingu /ˈvitɪŋʌ/ is learning |
Habitual aspect
The ‘habitual’ aspect refers to actions that happen habitually, such as I learn (something new every day), as opposed to actions that happen once (I learned something).Áríhwen uses a standalone particle word for habitual:
Habitual | Particle before the verb: a - a tingu /a ˈtɪŋʌ/ learns |
Perfect aspect
The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.Áríhwen uses the word for ‘already’ áte for the perfect aspect.
Numbers
Áríhwen has a base-10 number system: 1 - nga2 - vá
3 - ní
4 - pá
5 - pé
6 - ti
7 - nu
8 - kúku
9 - sá
10 - vúnga
100 - táye
1000 - yélekhí
Derivational morphology
Adjective → adverb = Prefix pe-Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Suffix -ʍa
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Suffix -hi
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Suffix -me
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Suffix -gɑ
Noun to verb = Suffix -sʌ
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Suffix -ŋʌ
Tending to = Suffix -ɲɑ
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Suffix -ʍɛ
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Suffix -pi
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Suffix -dɑ
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Prefix jʊ-
Diminutive = Suffix -ve
Augmentative = Suffix -mʊ
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