Halenic Language Structure

The Language of Magic

Natively known as: Halenic

This is a place holder language and will change several times before it's finalized - Chris

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind.
yach bas sbutgu puk lapl drunk yach izm lapl nguzu mib izm pre
Pronunciation: /jaʧ bas ˈsbutgu puk lapl drunk jaʧ izm lapl ˈŋuzu mib izm pʁə/
Word order: and he stood holding hat his and turned his face wet the wind to

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: /b d g h j k l m n p q r s t w z ŋ ɢ ʁ ʂ ʐ ʤ ʧ χ/

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Labio-velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal	m	n				ŋ
Stop	p b	t d				k g		q ɢ
Affricate			ʧ ʤ
Fricative		s z		ʂ ʐ				χ ʁ	h
Approximant					j		w
Trill		r
Lateral approximant		l

Vowel inventory: /a i u ə/

	Front	Central	Back
High	i		u
Mid		ə
Low	a

Syllable structure: (C)(C)V(C)(C)
Stress pattern: No fixed stress
Word initial consonants: b, bl, br, d, dr, g, gr, h, hr, j, k, kl, kw, l, m, mb, mr, n, p, pl, pʁ, q, r, s, sb, sh, sk, sl, st, sz, sŋ, t, tʁ, w, z, zr, ŋ, ŋr, ɢ, ʁ, ʂ, ʂʐ, ʐ, ʤ, ʧ, χ
Mid-word consonants: b, bd, bl, bt, d, dr, g, h, hw, j, k, kn, kp, ks, kt, l, lk, m, mp, n, ng, nh, nz, p, pl, pw, q, r, rg, rm, rs, rw, rʤ, s, st, t, tg, tʁ, tʧ, w, z, ŋ, ŋg, ŋh, ɢ, ʁ, ʁw, ʂ, ʐ, ʤ, ʧ, χ
Word final consonants: b, d, g, gs, h, js, k, l, lk, lt, lz, lʤ, m, n, nk, nt, p, pl, pt, q, r, rd, rk, rs, s, st, t, ts, w, wp, wt, wɢ, z, zd, zm, ŋg, ŋk, ŋn, ɢ, ʁ, ʂ, ʐ, ʤ, ʧ

Phonological rules (in order of application):

• m→w / #_
• N→ŋ / _#
• sk→ʃ / #_
• S→Ø / #_F

Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
j	y
ŋ	ng
ə	e
ɢ	g̀
ʁ	r
ʂ	ṣ
ʐ	ẓ
ʤ	j
ʧ	ch
χ	x

Grammar

Main word order: Subject-Verb-Object-Oblique. "Mary opened the door with a key" turns into Mary opened the door with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned after the noun.
Adposition: postpositions

Noun

Nouns form plural with separate plural word:

Plural

ki /ki/ plural particle

Articles

Definite	i /i/ the
Indefinite	awp /awp/ a, some

Pronouns

1st singular	tri /tʁi/ I, me
2nd singular	ple /plə/ you
3rd singular masc	bas /bas/ he, him, it
3rd singular fem	u /u/ she, her, it
1st plural	zra /zra/ we, us
2nd plural	zi /zi/ you (all)
3rd plural	sbungk /sbuŋk/ they, them

Possessive determiners

1st singular	sle /slə/ my
2nd singular	iwt /iwt/ your
3rd singular masc	lapl /lapl/ his, its
3rd singular fem	sngi /sŋi/ her, its
1st plural	sbu /sbu/ our
2nd plural	bi /bi/ your
3rd plural	pu /pu/ their

Verbs

Future tense is indicated with the word:

Future particle

az /az/ future tense particle

	Present	Past	Remote past
1st person	Suffix -i presti /pʁəsˈti/	Suffix -id prestid /ˈpʁəstid/	Suffix -at prestat /ˈpʁəstat/
2nd person	Suffix -ilz prestilz /ˈpʁəstilz/	Suffix -u prestu /ˈpʁəstu/	Suffix -ih prestih /pʁəsˈtih/
3rd person	If ends with vowel: Suffix -n Else: Suffix -ən presten /pʁəsˈtən/	If ends with vowel: Suffix -kpu Else: Suffix -akpu prestakpu /pʁəsˈtakpu/	Suffix -a presta /ˈpʁəsta/

Imperfective aspect

The ‘imperfective’ aspect refers to ongoing actions, such as I am studying,
and habitual actions, such as I study (every night).

It is indicated with the word:

Imperfect particle

mi /mi/ imperfect particle

Perfect aspect

Perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’,
which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken
but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.

In Halenic, the perfect is constructed with an affix

Perfect

Suffix -apt prestapt /ˈpʁəstapt/

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -b
Else: Suffix -ab
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ŋhu
Else: Suffix -uŋhu
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Suffix -a
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -kna
Else: Suffix -ukna
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -tʁi
Else: Suffix -utʁi
Noun → verb (to create [noun]) = Suffix -a
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -rk
Else: Suffix -irk
Verb → adjective (likely to do [verb]) = Suffix -as
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Suffix -is
Verb → noun that verb physically produces (e.g. build → building) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ŋg
Else: Suffix -iŋg
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -wt
Else: Suffix -uwt
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʁa
Else: Suffix -iʁa
Diminutive = If ends with vowel: Suffix -rwə
Else: Suffix -urwə
Augmentative = Suffix -i

Dictionary

4321 Words.