Varlen

Varlen is Northern Brunan language that originated in the Farlands region. It is historically spoken by the Farlander ethnic group, and is one of the two official languages of the Commonwealth of Ardun.

Phonology

Natively known as: wù̄kwō /wȳˈkwō/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind... ō klù mwū eng vlø kluh ō klùrt vlø mēt rò̄lp tru syē[alt] Pronunciation: /ō kly mwū eŋ vlø kluh ō klyrt vlø mēt rɶ̄lp tru sjē/ Wù̄kwōian word order: and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face the wind to[/alt]

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: d h j k l m n p r s t v w ŋ ʃ ʔ

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m		n			ŋ
Stop	p		t d			k	ʔ
Fricative		v	s	ʃ			h
Approximant					j
Trill			r
Lateral approximant			l

Co-articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Labial-velar
Approximant	w

Vowel inventory: a ā e ē i o ō u ū y ȳ ø ø̄ ɶ ɶ̄

	Front	Back
High	i y ȳ	u ū
High-mid	e ē ø ø̄	ō o
Low	a ā ɶ ɶ̄

Syllable structure: (C)(C)V(C)(C)(C) Stress pattern: No fixed stress Word initial consonants: dl dw h hj hw j k kh kj kl kr ks l lw m ml mw n nj nr p pr r s sj sr sw t tr tv tʃ v vj vl vr w wh ʃ ʃl ʃm Mid-word consonants: d dd dkw dm ds dv dw h hj hl hm hr hv hw j jd jdn jj jl jr js jsk jvj k kj kkj kkw kl km kn kr ks ksj ksk ksm ksp kst ksw ktl ktr kts ktʃ kw l ldh ldl ldn ldr lh lj lkj llv lmn ln lpl ls lsh lsk lst lt ltj ltr lts ltʃ lv lw lʃ lʔ m md mh mj mk ml mm mn mnd mpj mpl mpt mpʃ mr ms mst mtʃ mv mʔ n ndj ndk ndl ndm ndn ndr nds ndt ndʃ nj nk nkj nkl nkt nkw nkʃ nlj nm nmj nnj npj npl nsj nsk nsl nsm nsp nst nt nth ntj ntk ntl ntm ntr nts ntv ntw ntʃ ntʔ nw nʃs p pdr pj pl plw pn pp ppl prj ps psj pst ptʃ pw r rdn rh rj rkt rl rm rpl rsd rsk rsm rst rt rtk rtn rtr rts rtv rtʃ rw rʃs s sd sh skj skl skr skv sm sn spj spl spr stj stk stl stm stn str stv stw stʃ sv t th tj tkr tlm tm tp tpr ts tsd tsj tsm tst tth ttr tts tw tʃl tʃm tʃw v vl vm vn vv vw w wd wl wp wsr wt wts wv wʃ ŋ ŋd ŋj ŋk ŋkj ŋkl ŋkn ŋkr ŋkt ŋkw ŋkʃ ŋl ŋm ŋmj ŋs ŋt ŋtj ŋts ŋw ʃ ʃh ʃj ʃk ʃl ʃm ʃn ʃpl ʃr ʃs ʃtv ʃtʃ ʃv ʔ ʔm Word final consonants: d dd h jd jj jk jl jt k kt kts l lm lp lps lpt lt lts lʃ m nw nʃ p pp pt pts r rk rkt rm rp rt rts rv rʃ s sk sks skt sp spt str sts t tt vd w wl wm ws wʔ ŋ ŋs ʃd ʃk
Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
ʔ	ʻ
ɶ	ò
y	ù
j	y
ŋ	ng
ʃ	sh

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Grammar

Main word order: Subject Verb Object (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary opened the door with a key. Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun. Adposition: postpositions

Nouns

Definite

	Singular	Plural
Masculine	Suffix -ālpt nēālpt /ˈnēālpt/ the man	Suffix -i nēi /nēˈi/ the men
Feminine	Suffix -ē ùē /yˈē/ the woman	Suffix -ārp ùārp /yˈārp/ the women
Neuter	If ends with vowel: Suffix -l Else: Suffix -il yūl /jūl/ the dog	Suffix -ōskt yūōskt /ˈjūōskt/ the dogs

Indefinite

	Singular	Plural
Masculine	If ends with vowel: Suffix -wm Else: Suffix -ōwm nēwm /nēwm/ a man	Suffix -ȳkt nēù̄kt /nēˈȳkt/ some men
Feminine	Suffix -ōt ùōt /ˈyōt/ a woman	If ends with vowel: Suffix -wm Else: Suffix -ø̄wm ùwm /ywm/ some women
Neuter	If ends with vowel: Suffix -rts Else: Suffix -ȳrts yūrts /jūrts/ a dog	If ends with vowel: Suffix -rp Else: Suffix -ȳrp yūrp /jūrp/ some dogs

Articles

Wù̄kwōian encodes definite article ‘the’, and indefinite article ‘a’ in noun affixes. See Noun section.

Pronouns

1st singular	ù̄ /ȳ/ I, me, mine
2nd singular	mwù /mwy/ you, yours
3rd singular masc	klù /kly/ he, him, his
3rd singular fem	mù̄ /mȳ/ she, her, hers
3rd singular neut	srā /srā/ it, its
1st plural inclusive	vrū /vrū/ we (including you), us (including you), ours (including you)
1st plural exclusive	klø̄ /klø̄/ we (excluding you), us (excluding you), ours (excluding you)
2nd plural	hā /hā/ you all, yours (pl)
3rd plural masc	sesks /sesks/ they (masc), them (masc), theirs (masc)
3rd plural fem	vrò /vrɶ/ they (fem), them (fem), theirs (fem)
3rd plural neut	wù̄m /wȳm/ they (neut), them (neut), theirs (neut)

Possessive determiners

1st singular	mōlt /mōlt/ my
2nd singular	id /id/ your
3rd singular masc	vlø /vlø/ his
3rd singular fem	kli /kli/ her
3rd singular neut	ōk /ōk/ its
1st plural inclusive	ō /ō/ our (including you)
1st plural exclusive	hwu /hwu/ our (excluding you)
2nd plural	ø̄nsh /ø̄nʃ/ your (pl)
3rd plural masc	klù /kly/ their (masc)
3rd plural fem	ūyd /ūjd/ their (fem)
3rd plural neut	a /a/ their (neut)

Verbs

	Present	Past	Remote past
1st person	If ends with vowel: Suffix -lps Else: Suffix -alps mòrtalps /ˈmɶrtalps/ (I/we) learn	No affix mòrt /mɶrt/ (I/we) learned	If ends with vowel: Suffix -skt Else: Suffix -iskt mòrtiskt /ˈmɶrtiskt/ (I/we) learned (long ago)
2nd person	Suffix -a mòrta /ˈmɶrta/ (you/you all) learn	No affix mòrt /mɶrt/ (you/you all) learned	If ends with vowel: Suffix -r Else: Suffix -ōr mòrtōr /ˈmɶrtōr/ (you/you all) learned (long ago)
3rd person	Suffix -ø mòrtø /mɶrˈtø/ (he/she/it/they) learn	No affix mòrt /mɶrt/ (he/she/it/they) learned	Suffix -ilpt mòrtilpt /ˈmɶrtilpt/ (he/she/it/they) learned (long ago)

Wù̄kwōian uses a standalone particle word for future tense:

Future

Particle before the verb: kys - kùs mòrt /kys mɶrt/ will learn

Progressive aspect

The ‘progressive’ aspect refers to actions that are happening at the time of speaking, such as I am learning.
Wù̄kwōian uses an affix for progressive:

Progressive

If ends with vowel: Suffix -sk Else: Suffix -isk mòrtisk /ˈmɶrtisk/ is learning

Habitual aspect

The ‘habitual’ aspect refers to actions that happen habitually, such as I learn (something new every day), as opposed to actions that happen once (I learned something).
Wù̄kwōian uses an affix for habitual:

Habitual

If ends with vowel: Suffix -w Else: Suffix -aw mòrtaw /ˈmɶrtaw/ learns

Numbers

Wù̄kwōian has a base-10 number system:
1 - tò̄ 2 - tō 3 - dlōd 4 - i 5 - ri 6 - vlē 7 - pō 8 - i 9 - ùp 10 - mi 11 - mi ō tò̄ “ten and one” 100 - mak “hundred” 101 - mak ō tò̄ “hundred and one” 200 - tō mak 1000 - ksø “thousand”

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = Suffix -yt Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -wm Else: Suffix -ōwm Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -k Else: Suffix -ik Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -vd Else: Suffix -ȳvd Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ŋs Else: Suffix -ø̄ŋs Noun to verb = Suffix -ø̄k Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Suffix -ēlt Tending to = Suffix -ōŋs Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -lm Else: Suffix -ālm Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -k Else: Suffix -ɶk One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Suffix -ōʃk Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -tt Else: Suffix -itt Diminutive = Suffix -arv Augmentative = If ends with vowel: Suffix -p Else: Suffix -ōp

Dictionary

337 Words.