Not much is known about sapient Slimes. This is largely due to their rarity, but also to their tendency to resist attempts to study them.
Physical Description
A Slimes is most easily described as an amorphous blob that can take whatever shape it likes. Slimes can be any color of the rainbow, but usually have only one color with a slight gradient of shades. Slimes are usually semi-transparent, with observers able to see through their outer layer and one to two inches inside. Some, however are clear enough to be seen through entirely while others appear completely opaque. Most adult slimes are about the size of a human, though their shapechanging ability allows them to distribute that size in many ways, be it short and wide like a Dwarf, or tall and slender like an Elf.
There does not appear to be anything "inside" a Slime's body. No core or organs have ever been found. This has been further verified by observing a Slime's ability to compress its entire body, albeit with difficulty, to a sheet only a half-inch thick. Similarly, there does not appear to be any skin or encapsulating membrane surrounding a Slime. As far as observations have been made, they are completely the same all the way through.
Shapechanging
Slimes lack any internal or external skeletal structure. They are able to change their shape with varying degrees of control. Most who reach 20 years old or so can take a shape resembling a nondescript humanoid, while somewith a great degree of ability can exactly mimic the shape, if not the pigment, of any person they see. Otherwise, they can take on nearly any shape from a rug or crate to a horse. Some have even been observed to alter their volume by up to 15%. It should probably be noted that certain moveable parts, such as rotating wheels, can be acomplished, but are uncomfortable and require a great deal of mental and physical control.
Society
Slimes are among the rarest naturally-occuring sapient species known to exist. It is rare for any given Slime to have ever seen another aside from its parent. Slimes have never collected in one place in large enough numbers to form their own society.
Slimes tend to be solitary, living on their own and only approaching settlements cautiously. This is widely attributed to the fact that most other people will misidentify a sapient Slime as a wild Ooze and either attack, or run to alert the town guard. Slimes are often hunted by garrisons or adventurers because of their resebmlance to monstrous Oozes.
On the very rare occasions that Slimes have integrated into other sicieties, they can take on virtually any role. They are adept at crafting or growing or laboring just as well as any other sapient species. Due to the stigma against them, most Slimes that live among other creatures make a special effort to stay out of trouble to avoid being cast out or killed as a matter of course.
Physiology
Very little is known about how Slimes work at the physiological level. What is known is: They absorb plant and animal matter and seem to digest it to generate energy for themselves. They have no gender, and reproduce asexually by dividing themselves into a parent and child part. And all Slimes have the potential to wield magic, though not at what would be considered extraordinary levels.
It is not known how long a Slime may live, if they have a puberty stage, or even what they are really "made of". Slimes keep these secrets and many others, likely out of fear.
Slime vs Ooze
The differences between a Slime and an Ooze are often too subtle for uninformed persons to notice. The most glaring difference is the Slime's ability to think and rationalize on par with other sapient creatures. Oozes, on the other hand are wild creatures with no observable signs of ability to reason. Oozes do not take complex shapes, even as camoflage. An Ooze might disquise itself as a smooth pool or a lumpy rock, but they only take on the form of sensuous naked women in barroom tales.
Calling a Slime an Ooze is among the highest of insults. On Ooze, on the other hand, will not care if you call it a Slime, as it will not know what you said.