Wolflangeuge

Natively known as: ni˨gluu˧ /ˈni˨gluː˧/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
nuu˧ taa˨ ii˨p tuu˧nnu˧ gu˨v ga˧g nuu˧ ii˨p sa˨t mi˧naa˧k nu˨v pu˧ la˨
Pronunciation: /nuː˧ taː˨ iː˨p ˈtuː˧nnu˧ gu˨v ga˧g nuː˧ iː˨p sa˨t ˈmi˧naː˧k nu˨v pu˧ la˨/
Wolflangeuge word order: and he hat his holding stood and his face wet the wind to turned

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: g h j k l m n p q s t v ŋ ɬ ʁ

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal	m		n		ŋ
Stop	p		t		k g	q
Fricative		v	s			ʁ	h
Approximant				j
Lateral fricative			ɬ
Lateral approximant			l

Vowel inventory: a aː i iː u uː
Tones: ˧ ˨

	Front	Back
High	i iː	u uː
Low	a aː

Syllable structure: Custom defined ?
Stress pattern: Penultimate — stress is on the second last syllable ?
Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
aː	aa
uː	uu
iː	ii
ɬ	hl
ʁ	r
ŋŋ	nng
ŋ	ng

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Grammar

Main word order: Subject Object (Prepositional phrase) Verb. “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary the door with a key opened.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned after the noun.
Adposition: postpositions ?

Nouns

Nouns have four cases:

• Nominative is the doer of a verb: dog bites man.
• Accusative is the done-to of a verb: man bites dog.
• Genitive is the possessor of something: dog’s tail hits man.
• Dative is the recipient of something: man gives ball to dog.

Nominative	If starts with vowel: Prefix h- Else: Prefix hi˨- hi˨ni˧r /ˈhi˨ni˧ʁ/ dog (doing the verb)
Accusative	Prefix pi˨- pi˨ni˧r /ˈpi˨ni˧ʁ/ (verb done to) dog
Genitive	If starts with vowel: Prefix ŋ- Else: Prefix ŋuː˧- nguu˧ni˧r /ˈŋuː˧ni˧ʁ/ dogʼs
Dative	If starts with vowel: Prefix s- Else: Prefix sa˨- sa˨ni˧r /ˈsa˨ni˧ʁ/ to dog

	Masculine	Feminine
Singular	If starts with vowel: Prefix a˨qk- Else: Prefix a˨qki˧- a˨qki˧ha˨qpuu˧rhla˨ /a˨qˌki˧ha˨qˈpuː˧ʁɬa˨/ boy	If starts with vowel: Prefix q- Else: Prefix qaː˧- qaa˧tuu˨s /ˈqaː˧tuː˨s/ girl
Plural	If starts with vowel: Prefix s- Else: Prefix suː˧- suu˧ha˨qpuu˧rhla˨ /ˌsuː˧ha˨qˈpuː˧ʁɬa˨/ boys	Prefix ta˧- ta˧tuu˨s /ˈta˧tuː˨s/ girls

Articles

	Definite	Indefinite
Singular	mi˧ /mi˧/ the	ku˧ /ku˧/ a
Plural	tuu˧ /tuː˧/ the	vi˧ /vi˧/ some

Uses of definite article that differ from English:

• Definite article can be omitted: ‘I am going to supermarket’
• Used for personal names in third person: ‘The Maria has left for school’
• Used for languages: ‘The English’
• Used with place names: ‘The London’

Pronouns

	Nominative	Accusative	Genitive	Dative
1st singular	su˧ /su˧/ I	ga˨ /ga˨/ me	ngii˨ /ŋiː˨/ mine	nu˨ /nu˨/ to me
2nd singular	saa˧ /saː˧/ you	ni˧ /ni˧/ you	pu˧ /pu˧/ yours	a˨q /a˨q/ to you
3rd singular masc	taa˨ /taː˨/ he, it (masc)	li˧n /li˧n/ his, it (masc)	kuu˨ /kuː˨/ his, its (masc)	ji˨ /ji˨/ to his, to it (masc)
3rd singular fem	taa˧ /taː˧/ she, it (fem)	maa˧ /maː˧/ her, it (fem)	sii˧ /siː˧/ hers, its (fem)	ja˨t /ja˨t/ to her, to it (fem)
1st plural inclusive	mi˧ /mi˧/ we (including you)	gaa˧ /gaː˧/ us (including you)	nuu˨ /nuː˨/ ours (including you)	vi˨v /vi˨v/ to us (including you)
1st plural exclusive	puu˨ /puː˨/ we (excluding you)	tuu˧ /tuː˧/ us (excluding you)	ta˧ /ta˧/ ours (excluding you)	lu˧q /lu˧q/ to us (excluding you)
2nd plural	mu˧ /mu˧/ you all	pi˧k /pi˧k/ you all	ma˨ /ma˨/ yours (pl)	va˧ /va˧/ to you all
3rd plural masc	a˨ /a˨/ they (masc)	tu˧ /tu˧/ them (masc)	a˧ /a˧/ theirs (masc)	uu˨ /uː˨/ to them (masc)
3rd plural fem	ji˨l /ji˨l/ they (fem)	ii˧ /iː˧/ them (fem)	paa˧ /paː˧/ theirs (fem)	nga˨ /ŋa˨/ to them (fem)

Possessive determiners

	Possessive
1st singular	muu˨ /muː˨/ my
2nd singular	quu˨ /quː˨/ your
3rd singular masc	ii˨p /iː˨p/ his
3rd singular fem	na˧ /na˧/ her
1st plural inclusive	naa˨ /naː˨/ our (including you)
1st plural exclusive	ni˧k /ni˧k/ our (excluding you)
2nd plural	pa˧ /pa˧/ your (pl)
3rd plural masc	jii˧ /jiː˧/ their (masc)
3rd plural fem	kaa˧ /kaː˧/ their (fem)

Verbs

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Numbers

Wolflangeuge has a base-10 number system:
1 - qaa˨
2 - vi˧
3 - muu˨g
4 - ni˧
5 - na˨
6 - naa˧
7 - ni˧t
8 - u˨q
9 - hi˧rmii˨
10 - ki˨
100 - ti˧p
1000 - mi˧n