Partisian

Natively known as: Partisian /par'tee'zhn/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
mě měswa i koffu i hihte mě finsapshus i sepfu shunash fu těnse
Pronunciation: /mɘ mɘˈswa i ˈkoffu i ˈhihtɛ mɘ ˈfinsapʃus i sɛpˈfu ˈʃunaʃ fu tɘnˈsɛ/
Partisian word order: and stood he holding hat his and turned his face wet to the wind
Partisian Script: Partisian is written in the Common script.

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: f h k m n p s t w ʃ

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m		n
Stop	p		t		k
Fricative		f	s	ʃ		h

Co-articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Labial-velar
Approximant	w

Vowel inventory: a i o u ɘ ɛ

	Front	Central	Back
High	i		u
High-mid		ɘ	o
Low-mid	ɛ
Low	a

Syllable structure: (C)V(C)
Stress pattern: No fixed stress
Word initial consonants: f h k m n p s t w ʃ
Mid-word consonants: f ff fk fm fn ft fw fʃ h ht k kn kt m mf mh mk mn mp mw mʃ n nk nn np ns nw p pf pm pn pp pʃ s sf sn sp sw t th tk tm tn ts tt w wm wʃ ʃ ʃh
Word final consonants: k m n p s t ʃ

Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
ɛ	e
ɘ	ě
ʃ	sh

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Grammar

Main word order: Verb Subject Object (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Opened Mary the door with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned after the noun.
Adposition: prepositions

Nouns

Nouns have two cases:

• Nominative is the doer of a verb: dog bites man.
• Accusative is the done-to of a verb: man bites dog.

Nouns have both a plural affix and dual affix for precisely two things.

Nominative	No affix fonnu /ˈfonnu/ dog (doing the verb)
Accusative	Suffix -o fonnuo /ˈfonnuo/ (verb done to) dog

	Masculine	Feminine
Singular	No affix hipěsh /hiˈpɘʃ/ man	No affix sip /sip/ woman
Plural	Suffix -it hipěshit /ˈhipɘʃit/ men	Suffix -ɘʃ sipěsh /ˈsipɘʃ/ women
Dual	If ends with vowel: Suffix -m Else: Suffix -am hipěsham /ˈhipɘʃam/	Suffix -os sipos /siˈpos/

Articles

	Definite	Indefinite
Singular	po /po/ the	o /o/ a
Plural	fop /fop/ the	wě /wɘ/ some

Uses of definite article that differ from English:

• Not used for mass (uncountable) nouns: ‘Walking in the mud’ would always translate to ‘Walking in mud’.
• Used with place names: ‘The London’

Uses of indefinite article that differ from English:

• Not used for non-specific countable nouns: non-specific means ‘I am looking for a (any) girl in a red dress’, whereas specific means ‘I am looking for a (particular) girl in a red dress’
• Not used for non-specific mass (uncountable) nouns: non-specific means ‘Would you like some (any) tea?’ whereas specific means ‘Some tea (a specific amount) fell off the truck’

Pronouns

	Nominative	Accusative
1st singular	she /ʃɛ/ I	fak /fak/ me
2nd singular	ti /ti/ you	pě /pɘ/ you
3rd singular masc	i /i/ he, it	ni /ni/ him, it
3rd singular fem	mi /mi/ she, it	u /u/ her, it
1st plural inclusive	fus /fus/ we (including you)	su /su/ us (including you)
1st plural exclusive	mě /mɘ/ we (excluding you)	wa /wa/ us (excluding you)
2nd plural	ěp /ɘp/ you all	mim /mim/ you all
3rd plural masc	he /hɛ/ they (masc)	hu /hu/ them (masc)
3rd plural fem	měm /mɘm/ they (fem)	me /mɛ/ them (fem)

Possessive determiners

1st singular	she /ʃɛ/ my
2nd singular	ti /ti/ your
3rd singular masc	i /i/ his
3rd singular fem	mi /mi/ her
1st plural inclusive	fus /fus/ our (including you)
1st plural exclusive	mě /mɘ/ our (excluding you)
2nd plural	ěp /ɘp/ your (pl)
3rd plural masc	he /hɛ/ their (masc)
3rd plural fem	měm /mɘm/ their (fem)

Verbs

1st person	If ends with vowel: Suffix -s Else: Suffix -os wusos /wuˈsos/
2nd person	Suffix -u wusu /ˈwusu/
3rd person	Suffix -aʃ wusash /wuˈsaʃ/

Partisian uses a standalone particle word for past tense:

Past	Particle before the verb: som - som wus /som wus/ learned

Partisian uses a standalone particle word for future tense:

Future

Particle before the verb: fɘʃ - fěsh wus /fɘʃ wus/ will learn

Progressive aspect

The ‘progressive’ aspect refers to actions that are happening at the time of speaking, such as I am learning.
Partisian uses an affix for progressive:

Progressive

If ends with vowel: Suffix -k Else: Suffix -ok wusok /ˈwusok/ is learning

Habitual aspect

The ‘habitual’ aspect refers to actions that happen habitually, such as I learn (something new every day), as opposed to actions that happen once (I learned something).
Partisian uses an affix for habitual:

Habitual

Suffix -u wusu /wuˈsu/ learns

Perfect aspect

The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.
Partisian uses an affix for the perfect aspect:

Perfect

If ends with vowel: Suffix -k Else: Suffix -ɛk wusek /ˈwusɛk/ have learned

Numbers

Partisian has a base-10 number system:
1 - mes
2 - sup
3 - sěs
4 - suk
5 - ně
6 - nashhash
7 - ně
8 - tish
9 - taka
10 - up
11 - up mě mes “ten and one”
100 - fum “hundred”
101 - fum mes “hundred one”
200 - sup fum
1000 - shěn “thousand”

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = Suffix -u
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = Suffix -im
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʃ Else: Suffix -oʃ
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Suffix -im
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Suffix -u
Noun to verb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -p Else: Suffix -op
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Suffix -ɘt
Tending to = Suffix -ak
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -n Else: Suffix -on
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Suffix -ɘt
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ʃ Else: Suffix -aʃ
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Suffix -a
Diminutive = Suffix -o
Augmentative = Suffix -a

Dictionary

358 Words.

Spoken by

• Partisians

Common Phrases

"May you have foresight/Rěk pě ěu"

Used to express good wishes when parting or to wish someone good luck on their endeavor.

"Guidance be upon you"

Used as a formal greeting.