Wictyn
Natively known as: wictyn /ˈwictyn/
...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...in kan nimy nyenn sa manm in kwlɔ sa win tatyme a nilɔn
Pronunciation: /in kan ˈnimy ɲenn sa manm in kwlɔ sa win taˈtyme a ˈnilɔn/
Wictyn word order: and he stood holding hat his and turned his face wet to the wind
Spelling & Phonology
Consonant inventory: b c d f g h j k l m n p r s t v w z ɲ↓Manner/Place→ | Bilabial | Labiodental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | ɲ | |||
Stop | b p | t d | c | k g | ||
Fricative | f v | s z | h | |||
Approximant | j | |||||
Trill | r | |||||
Lateral approximant | l |
↓Manner/Place→ | Labial-velar |
---|---|
Approximant | w |
Front | Back | |
---|---|---|
High | i y | u |
High-mid | e | o |
Low-mid | ɛ | ɔ |
Low | a |
Stress pattern: Penultimate — stress is on the second last syllable ? Spelling rules:
Pronunciation | Spelling |
---|---|
ɲ | ny |
Grammar
Main word order: Subject Verb Object (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary opened the door with a key.Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned after the noun.
Adposition: prepositions ?
Nouns
Masculine | Feminine | |
---|---|---|
Singular | Suffix -i boi /ˈboi/ boy | Suffix -u lɔu /ˈlɔu/ girl |
Plural | Suffix -ɔ boɔ /ˈboɔ/ boys | Suffix -a lɔa /ˈlɔa/ girls |
Articles
Definite | wa /wa/ the |
Indefinite | sy /sy/ a, some |
- Definite article can be omitted: ‘I am going to supermarket’
- Used for personal names in third person: ‘The Maria has left for school’
- Not used for non-specific countable nouns: non-specific means ‘I am looking for a (any) girl in a red dress’, whereas specific means ‘I am looking for a (particular) girl in a red dress’
Pronouns
1st singular | ngla /ngla/ I, me, mine |
2nd singular | i /i/ you, yours |
3rd singular masc | kan /kan/ he, him, his, it (masc), its (masc) |
3rd singular fem | ti /ti/ she, her, hers, it (fem), its (fem) |
1st plural inclusive | kpin /kpin/ we (including you), us (including you), ours (including you) |
1st plural exclusive | nɛn /nɛn/ we (excluding you), us (excluding you), ours (excluding you) |
2nd plural | ɔ /ɔ/ you all, yours (pl) |
3rd plural masc | nzra /nzra/ they (masc), them (masc), theirs (masc) |
3rd plural fem | ɔm /ɔm/ they (fem), them (fem), theirs (fem) |
Possessive determiners
Possessive | |
---|---|
1st singular | tɛ /tɛ/ my |
2nd singular | si /si/ your |
3rd singular masc | sa /sa/ his |
3rd singular fem | e /e/ her |
1st plural inclusive | nɛ /nɛ/ our (including you) |
1st plural exclusive | nin /nin/ our (excluding you) |
2nd plural | ngan /ngan/ your (pl) |
3rd plural masc | sɛn /sɛn/ their (masc) |
3rd plural fem | nglɔ /nglɔ/ their (fem) |
Verbs
Present | Past | Future | |
---|---|---|---|
1st singular | Suffix -a lenna /ˈlenna/ (I) learn | If ends with vowel: Suffix -n Else: Suffix -ɛn lennɛn /ˈlennɛn/ (I) learned | If ends with vowel: Suffix -n Else: Suffix -in lennin /ˈlennin/ (I) will learn |
2nd singular | Suffix -yn lennyn /ˈlennyn/ (you) learn | Suffix -ɔn lennɔn /ˈlennɔn/ (you) learned | If ends with vowel: Suffix -n Else: Suffix -un lennun /ˈlennun/ (you) will learn |
3rd singular masc | If ends with vowel: Suffix -ssa Else: Suffix -issa lennissa /lenˈnissa/ (he/it (masc)) learns | If ends with vowel: Suffix -n Else: Suffix -ɔn lennɔn /ˈlennɔn/ (he/it (masc)) learned | Suffix -e lenne /ˈlenne/ (he/it (masc)) will learn |
3rd singular fem | If ends with vowel: Suffix -n Else: Suffix -an lennan /ˈlennan/ (she/it (fem)) learns | Suffix -ɛn lennɛn /ˈlennɛn/ (she/it (fem)) learned | Suffix -an lennan /ˈlennan/ (she/it (fem)) will learn |
1st plural inclusive | If ends with vowel: Suffix -n Else: Suffix -yn lennyn /ˈlennyn/ (we (including you)) learn | Suffix -ɔ lennɔ /ˈlennɔ/ (we (including you)) learned | If ends with vowel: Suffix -nngu Else: Suffix -anngu lennanngu /lenˈnanngu/ (we (including you)) will learn |
1st plural exclusive | If ends with vowel: Suffix -nn Else: Suffix -ann lennann /ˈlennann/ (we (excluding you)) learn | If ends with vowel: Suffix -bɛ Else: Suffix -abɛ lennabɛ /lenˈnabɛ/ (we (excluding you)) learned | Suffix -in lennin /ˈlennin/ (we (excluding you)) will learn |
2nd plural | If ends with vowel: Suffix -nn Else: Suffix -ɛnn lennɛnn /ˈlennɛnn/ (you all) learn | If ends with vowel: Suffix -nna Else: Suffix -enna lennenna /lenˈnenna/ (you all) learned | Suffix -i lenni /ˈlenni/ (you all) will learn |
3rd plural masc | Suffix -em lennem /ˈlennem/ (they (masc)) learn | If ends with vowel: Suffix -lo Else: Suffix -ɛlo lennɛlo /lenˈnɛlo/ (they (masc)) learned | If ends with vowel: Suffix -cta Else: Suffix -icta lennicta /lenˈnicta/ (they (masc)) will learn |
3rd plural fem | If ends with vowel: Suffix -kpe Else: Suffix -ukpe lennukpe /lenˈnukpe/ (they (fem)) learn | Suffix -im lennim /ˈlennim/ (they (fem)) learned | Suffix -un lennun /ˈlennun/ (they (fem)) will learn |
Imperfective aspect
The ‘imperfective’ aspect refers to ongoing actions, such as I am learning and habitual actions, such as I learn (something new every day).Wictyn uses an affix for imperfective:
Imperfective | Suffix -y lenny /ˈlenny/ learn |
Numbers
Wictyn has a base-12 number system: 1 - mun2 - nin
3 - lo
4 - mɔ
5 - nɔ
6 - can
7 - e
8 - kwle
9 - an
10 - lutɔnman
11 - wɛ
12 - ngu
144 - sikin
1728 - silan
Derivational morphology
Adjective → adverb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -nElse: Suffix -in
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -nn
Else: Suffix -ɔnn
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -n
Else: Suffix -ɔn
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -fɛ
Else: Suffix -afɛ
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Suffix -in
Noun to verb = If ends with vowel: Suffix -kpa
Else: Suffix -ikpa
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Suffix -ɛ
Tending to = Suffix -i
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Suffix -ɔ
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -my
Else: Suffix -imy
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Suffix -ɛn
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -n
Else: Suffix -in
Diminutive = If ends with vowel: Suffix -n
Else: Suffix -ɛn
Augmentative = If ends with vowel: Suffix -nmlɛ
Else: Suffix -ɔnmlɛ
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