Warɔfian

Natively known as: warɔf /ˈwarɔf/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
chen bi nant mɛn bɔba ɛd chen mɛn thut rɛw nɛlɔn nalo to
Pronunciation: /t͡ʃhen bi nant mɛn ˈbɔba ɛd t͡ʃhen mɛn thut rɛw ˈnɛlɔn ˈnalo to/
Warɔfian word order: and he stood hat his holding and his face wet turned the wind to

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: b bʼ d d͡ʒ f g h j jʼ k kʼ l m n nʼ p r s t tʼ t͡ʃ v w x z ɲ

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palato-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m		n nʼ		ɲ
Stop	b p bʼ		t d tʼ			k g kʼ
Affricate				t͡ʃ d͡ʒ
Fricative		f v	s z			x	h
Approximant					j jʼ
Trill			r
Lateral approximant			l

Co-articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Labial-velar
Approximant	w

Vowel inventory: a e i o u ɔ ɛ

	Front	Back
High	i	u
High-mid	e	o
Low-mid	ɛ	ɔ
Low	a

Syllable structure: Custom defined ?
Stress pattern: Penultimate — stress is on the second last syllable ?
Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
t͡ʃ	c
j	y
d͡ʒ	j

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Grammar

Main word order: Subject Object Verb (Prepositional phrase). “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary the door opened with a key.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned after the noun.
Adposition: postpositions ?

Nouns

Nouns have six cases:

• Nominative is the doer of a verb: dog bites man.
• Accusative is the done-to of a verb: man bites dog.
• Genitive is the possessor of something: dog’s tail hits man.
• Dative is the recipient of something: man gives ball to dog.
• Locative is the location of something: man is in town.
• Ablative is movement away from something: man walks from town.

Nouns form plural with separate plural word:

Plural

Particle before the noun: na - na dud /na dud/ dogs

Nominative	Suffix -o dudo /ˈdudo/ dog (doing the verb)
Accusative	If ends with vowel: Suffix -t Else: Suffix -it dudit /ˈdudit/ (verb done to) dog
Genitive	If ends with vowel: Suffix -na Else: Suffix -ana dudana /duˈdana/ dogʼs
Dative	If ends with vowel: Suffix -nw Else: Suffix -unw dudunw /ˈdudunw/ to dog
Locative	Suffix -ɔ dudɔ /ˈdudɔ/ near/at/by dog
Ablative	Suffix -ɔd dudɔd /ˈdudɔd/ from dog

Articles

Warɔfian has no definite article ‘the’, or indefinite article ‘a’.

Pronouns

	Nominative	Accusative	Genitive	Dative	Locative	Ablative
1st singular	na /na/ I	te /te/ me	di /di/ mine	kɛ /kɛ/ to me	a /a/ to me	e /e/ from me
2nd singular	yɔ /jɔ/ you	yon /jon/ you	ti /ti/ yours	yɛch /jɛt͡ʃh/ to you	mon /mon/ to you	mɔn /mɔn/ from you
3rd singular masc	bi /bi/ he, it (masc)	ɛ /ɛ/ his, it (masc)	bɛw /bɛw/ his, its (masc)	ca /t͡ʃa/ to his, to it (masc)	ka /ka/ to his, to it (masc)	nɛ /nɛ/ from his, from it (masc)
3rd singular fem	ki /ki/ she, it (fem)	en /en/ her, it (fem)	wɛn /wɛn/ hers, its (fem)	pe /pe/ to her, to it (fem)	mo /mo/ to her, to it (fem)	mɛ /mɛ/ from her, from it (fem)
1st plural	ten /ten/ we	wɛ /wɛ/ us	we /we/ ours	sest /sest/ to us	nɛw /nɛw/ to us	al /al/ from us
2nd plural	da /da/ you all	dil /dil/ you all	wɛw /wɛw/ yours (pl)	tɛn /tɛn/ to you all	fan /fan/ to you all	finkly /finklj/ from you all
3rd plural	bun /bun/ they	ud /ud/ them	don /don/ theirs	ɔn /ɔn/ to them	kat /kat/ to them	li /li/ from them

Possessive determiners

	Possessive
1st singular	mo /mo/ my
2nd singular	ke /ke/ your
3rd singular masc	mɛn /mɛn/ his
3rd singular fem	ɲal /ɲal/ her
1st plural	an /an/ our
2nd plural	ma /ma/ your (pl)
3rd plural	o /o/ their

Verbs

Present	If ends with vowel: Suffix -n Else: Suffix -ɛn angɛn /ˈangɛn/ learn
Past	If ends with vowel: Suffix -n Else: Suffix -in angin /ˈangin/ learned
Future	Suffix -ɛw angɛw /ˈangɛw/ will learn

Progressive aspect

The ‘progressive’ aspect refers to actions that are happening at the time of speaking, such as I am learning.
Warɔfian uses a standalone particle word for progressive:

Progressive

Particle before the verb: me - me ang /me ang/ be learning

Habitual aspect

The ‘habitual’ aspect refers to actions that happen habitually, such as I learn (something new every day), as opposed to actions that happen once (I learned something).
Warɔfian uses an affix for habitual:

Habitual

Suffix -ɛn angɛn /ˈangɛn/ learn (often, habitually)

Perfect aspect

The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.
Warɔfian uses an affix for the perfect aspect:

Perfect

Suffix -e ange /ˈange/ have learned

Numbers

Warɔfian has a base-12 number system:
1 - yin
2 - jɔn
3 - fɔn
4 - se
5 - kɔ
6 - wa
7 - pan
8 - ɲɛ
9 - yan
10 - din
11 - sa
12 - seng
144 - amo
1728 - ban

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = Suffix -ɔ
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -st
Else: Suffix -ɔst
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = Suffix -in
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -n
Else: Suffix -ɔn
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = Suffix -ɔn
Noun to verb = Suffix -a
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -n
Else: Suffix -in
Tending to = If ends with vowel: Suffix -n
Else: Suffix -ɛn
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -n
Else: Suffix -an
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -n
Else: Suffix -in
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Suffix -ax
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -nt
Else: Suffix -unt
Diminutive = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ka
Else: Suffix -ɔka
Augmentative = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ts
Else: Suffix -ɔts

Dictionary

3152 Words.