Lasran

Natively known as: lasra /ˈlasra/

...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...
ɓu ne ren ayen ro olen ɓu fin en ren lesten kanneri ku
Pronunciation: /ɓu ne ren ˈajen ro ˈolen ɓu fin en ren ˈlesten kanˈneri ku/
Lasran word order: and he hat his holding stood and the wind to his face wet turned

Spelling & Phonology

Consonant inventory: b d f g h j k l m n p r s t w z ŋ ɓ ɠ ɲ

↓Manner/Place→	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m		n	ɲ	ŋ
Stop	b p		d t		k g
Implosive	ɓ				ɠ
Fricative		f	s z			h
Approximant				j
Trill			r
Lateral approximant			l

Co-articulated phonemes

↓Manner/Place→	Labial-velar
Approximant	w

Vowel inventory: a e i o u ɔ ɛ

	Front	Back
High	i	u
High-mid	e	o
Low-mid	ɛ	ɔ
Low	a

Syllable structure: Custom defined ?
Stress pattern: Penultimate — stress is on the second last syllable ?
Spelling rules:

Pronunciation	Spelling
a	a
b	b
ɓ	ɓ
d	d
e	e
ɛ	ɛ
f	f
g	g
gb	gb
ɣ	ɣ
i	i
k	k
kp	kp
l	l
m	m
n	n
ŋ	ŋ
o	o
ɔ	ɔ
p	p
r	r
s	s
t	t
u	u
v	v
w	w
j	y
z	z

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Grammar

Main word order: Subject (Prepositional phrase) Object Verb. “Mary opened the door with a key” turns into Mary with a key the door opened.
Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned after the noun.
Adposition: postpositions ?

Nouns

Nouns have two cases:

• Nominative is the doer of a verb: dog bites man.
• Accusative is the done-to of a verb: man bites dog.

Nominative	If ends with vowel: Suffix -n Else: Suffix -an tosrenan /toˈsrenan/ dog (doing the verb)
Accusative	If ends with vowel: Suffix -mi Else: Suffix -emi tosrenemi /ˌtosreˈnemi/ (verb done to) dog

Singular

	Definite	Indefinite
Masculine	Suffix -in mebain /meˈbain/ the boy	If ends with vowel: Suffix -n Else: Suffix -an meban /ˈmeban/ a boy
Feminine	If ends with vowel: Suffix -sa Else: Suffix -esa kannanesa /ˌkannaˈnesa/ the girl	If ends with vowel: Suffix -n Else: Suffix -on kannanon /kanˈnanon/ a girl

Plural

	Definite	Indefinite
Masculine	If ends with vowel: Suffix -n Else: Suffix -in meban /ˈmeban/ the boys	Suffix -en mebaen /meˈbaen/ some boys
Feminine	Suffix -a kannana /kanˈnana/ the girls	Suffix -i kannani /kanˈnani/ some girls

Articles

Lasran encodes definite article ‘the’, and indefinite article ‘a’ in noun affixes. See Noun section.

Pronouns

	Nominative	Accusative
1st singular	ɓin /ɓin/ I	ken /ken/ me
2nd singular	yi /ji/ you	bin /bin/ you
3rd singular masc	ne /ne/ he, it (masc)	le /le/ his, it (masc)
3rd singular fem	he /he/ she, it (fem)	ha /ha/ her, it (fem)
1st plural	sa /sa/ we	na /na/ us
2nd plural	lan /lan/ you all	ron /ron/ you all
3rd plural masc	lin /lin/ they (masc)	kan /kan/ them (masc)
3rd plural fem	non /non/ they (fem)	ta /ta/ them (fem)

Possessive determiners

	Possessive
1st singular	he /he/ my
2nd singular	yen /jen/ your
3rd singular masc	ren /ren/ his
3rd singular fem	nan /nan/ her
1st plural	bɛn /bɛn/ our
2nd plural	len /len/ your (pl)
3rd plural masc	hen /hen/ their (masc)
3rd plural fem	ɓa /ɓa/ their (fem)

Verbs

Present	Suffix -an onaan /oˈnaan/ learn
Past	If ends with vowel: Suffix -n Else: Suffix -ɔn onan /ˈonan/ learned
Future	If ends with vowel: Suffix -n Else: Suffix -en onan /ˈonan/ will learn

Imperfective aspect

The ‘imperfective’ aspect refers to ongoing actions, such as I am learning and habitual actions, such as I learn (something new every day).
Lasran uses an affix for imperfective:

Imperfective

Suffix -e onae /oˈnae/ learn

Perfect aspect

The perfect aspect in English is exemplified in ‘I have read this book’, which expresses an event that took place before the time spoken but which has an effect on or is in some way still relevant to the present.
Lasran uses an affix for the perfect aspect:

Perfect

If ends with vowel: Suffix -n Else: Suffix -an onan /ˈonan/ have learned

Numbers

Lasran has a base-12 number system:
1 - ma
2 - ŋe
3 - lo
4 - ke
5 - hin
6 - keyi
7 - de
8 - kɔn
9 - kellin
10 - nwan
11 - kin
12 - ti
144 - litata
1728 - yon

Derivational morphology

Adjective → adverb = Suffix -en
Adjective → noun (the quality of being [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -li
Else: Suffix -eli
Adjective → verb (to make something [adj]) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -le
Else: Suffix -ɛle
Noun → adjective (having the quality of [noun]) = Suffix -en
Noun → adjective relating to noun (e.g. economy → economic) = If ends with vowel: Suffix -n
Else: Suffix -an
Noun to verb = Suffix -e
Verb → adjective (result of doing [verb]) = Suffix -ɛn
Tending to = If ends with vowel: Suffix -ra
Else: Suffix -ara
Verb → noun (the act of [verb]) = Suffix -e
Verb → noun that verb produces (e.g. know → knowledge) = Suffix -an
One who [verb]s (e.g. paint → painter) = Suffix -un
Place of (e.g. wine → winery) = Suffix -e
Diminutive = Suffix -en
Augmentative = If ends with vowel: Suffix -n
Else: Suffix -an

Dictionary

3135 Words.